D) vagus (X) nerves. The smooth muscle of the digestive viscera is served largely by the vagus (X) nerves. It is responsible for parasympathetic output to visceral organs, especially the intestines (responsible for gastrointestinal peristalsis). It carries some motor information back to the organs. The solitary nucleus receives primary afferents from visceral organs. We can also say that the smooth muscle of the digestive viscera is served largely by the tenth cranial nerve.
What happens when there is an error in the mechanisms by which chromosomes are passed down? What are some genetic disorders that can arise from mutations that are either inherited or acquired?
Answer:
Gene mutations can be classified in two major ways: ... These mutationsare also called germline mutationsbecause they are present in the parent's egg or sperm cells, which are also called germ cells. When an egg and a sperm cell unite, the resulting fertilized egg cell receives DNA from both parents.
The error takes place when the genes are copied and chromosomes are divided. They can lead to genetic disorders that are inherited.
What is gene mutation ?The mutation of the gene is the change in one or more genes that can lead to genetic disorders or the illness. The gene disorders are classified as per the 2 ways as germline mutations which are present in the parent's cells and are called germ cells. That can take place when the egg of the parent cell and the DNA unit.
Find out more information about the chromosomes
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About one year is required in the gymnosperm:
to develop the egg
to grow the male and female cones
between pollination and fertilization
between fertilization and germination
Answer:
between pollination and fertilization
Cardiologists and other healthcare professionals recommend that people who are at elevated risk for developing cardiovascular disease adopt an “anti-atherosclerotic” lifestyle to help prevent atherosclerosis. Which of the following is a component of an anti-atherosclerotic lifestyle?
Answer: the correct answer consumption of fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants.
Diet low in saturated fat and trans fat.
Smoking Cessation.
The anti-atherosclerotic lifestyle is smoking cessation, diet low in saturated fat and trans fat, and consumption of fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants. The correct option is D.
What is atherosclerotic?Atherosclerosis is a thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by plaque buildup in the artery's inner lining.
High cholesterol and triglyceride levels, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, physical activity, and consumption of saturated fats are all risk factors.
You can reduce plaques by losing weight, increasing your physical activity, or eating fewer foods high in saturated fat. Doctors may also prescribe cholesterol-lowering medications in some cases.
Atherosclerosis is a common condition that occurs when a sticky substance known as plaque accumulates inside your arteries.
The leading cause of death in the United States is atherosclerosis-related disease.
Thus, the correct option is D.
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Your question seems incomplete, the missing options are:
A) Smoking cessation
B) Diet low in saturated fat and trans fat
C) Consumption of fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants
D) All of these are components of an anti-atherosclerotic lifestyle.
A bird species known as the cattle egret is often found near farms in wet areas. The bird waits, sometimes even perched on a cow's back, until the cow kicks up a frog or fish while it walks. Then, the bird strikes and eats the exposed prey. This is an example of what kind of feeding relationship?
A. Detritus
B. Parasitic
C. Mutualistic
D. Herbivorous
Answer:
Mutualistic
Explanation:
Mutualistic relationship may be defined as a type of biological interaction in which both the organism are benefited from each other. This shows a positive type of relationship between the organisms.
The bird cattle egret perch on cow's back and eats the prey that hurdles the cow, in returns the cow provide food to the cattle egret. Hence, they shows mutual type of interaction with each other.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
100 points!! What is the effect of climate change on animals?
Which of the following terms is defined as a relaxation technique that involves a sensation of heaviness, warmth, and tingling in the limbs? Progressive relaxation Autogenic training Bracing Neuromuscular relaxation
Answer: Autogenic training
Explanation:
Autogenic training is a kind of relaxation technique which can be used to reduce the anxiety. It is a self guided relaxation process, which concentrates over the sensations occurring within the body. This method of training was developed by J. H Schultz. This method creates a feeling of heaviness, which is useful in slowing down the breathing and heartbeat which usually raised during the anxiety. This method also generates a cool sense over the forehead and warmness in the body. The method can be practiced while lying down and sitting.
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in phagocytosis?
A) chemotaxis, ingestion, digestion, adherence, killing
B) ingestion, adherence, chemotaxis, digestion, killing
C) adherence, digestion, killing, ingestion, chemotaxis
D) chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, killin
Answer:
B
Explanation:
i'm pretty sure
A dog breeder wishes to develop a breed that does not bark. She starts with a diverse mixture of dogs. Generation after generation, she allows only the quietest dogs to breed. After 30 years of work she has a new breed of dog with interesting traits, but on average, the dogs still bark at about the same rate as other dog breeds. Which of the following would be a logical explanation for her failure?
A. There is no variation for the trait (barking).
B. The tendency to bark is not a heritable trait.
C. The selection was artificial, not natural, so it did not produce evolutionary change.
D. There was no selection (differential reproductive success) related to barking behavior.
Answer: Option B
Explanation: There are basically two types of traits. Acquired and inherited traits.
Acquired traits: The traits that is acquired from the environment and cannot be inherited from one generation to another generation is known as acquired trait.
Such as time of barking, time of sleeping, amount of food that one animal eats.
Inherited traits: The traits that can be transferred from one generation to another generation is known as Inherited traits.
Example: fur color, height, eye color.
So, the condition here is rate of barking which is not a heritable trait and cannot transferred from one generation to another even by breeding for several generations(option B ).
Characid fishes are found naturally only in South America and Africa. Fossils of these fish are not found on any other continents. What is the most likely explanation of this distribution pattern? A These fishes arose in either Africa or South America and migrated across the South Atlantic Ocean to the other continent. B Characid fishes arose in the South Atlantic Ocean and migrated to Africa and South America. C Convergent evolution is responsible for the distribution of characid fishes. D Characid fishes arose prior to the separation of the African and South American continents.
Answer: the correct answer is D. Characid fishes arose prior to the separation of the African and south American continents.
The likely explanation for characid fishes being found only in South America and Africa is that they evolved before the continents separated, a fact supported by biogeographical patterns related to historical continental drift. Adaptive radiation, while not the direct cause of their distribution, is a process of rapid species diversification seen in similar fish populations like the cichlids of Lake Victoria.
Explanation:The distribution pattern of characid fishes being found naturally only in South America and Africa, with fossils not found on other continents, is most likely explained by the historical division of landmasses due to tectonic plate movement. This distribution pattern is consistent with biogeographical evidence that suggests these fishes arose prior to the separation of the African and South American continents - when they were part of the ancient supercontinent Gondwana. This is in line with the principle that broad groups which evolved before the breakup of supercontinent Pangaea (around 200 million years ago) are now distributed worldwide, whereas groups that evolved subsequently are often unique to specific regions.
Moreover, the concept of adaptive radiation is relevant here, but not in the direct explanation of the characid fishes' distribution. Adaptive radiation refers to the process where a species rapidly evolves into many new species, filling different ecological niches. An example of this is the cichlid fishes in Lake Victoria, which underwent a spectacular adaptive radiation, diversifying into hundreds of species with specialized feeding strategies and morphologies within a relatively short period of time, as documented by biologists in the 1980s.
Renin, released from the kidney as a result of a decrease in blood pressure, acts on ________ produced in the liver. This triggers a series of reactions that culminate in the production of _______ in the adrenal glands.
Answer:
angiotensinogen and aldosterone
Explanation:
Renin, released from the kidney as a result of a decrease in blood pressure, acts on angiotensinogen produced in the liver. This triggers a series of reactions that culminate in the production of aldosterone in the adrenal glands.
what affect would a damaged thlaykoid membrane have on photosynthesis
Answer:
dark reaction
Explanation:
The dark reactions then occur outside the thylakoid. In these reactions, the energy from ATP and NADPH is used to fix carbon dioxide (CO2). The products of this reaction are sugar molecules and various other organic molecules necessary for cell function and metabolism.
Clinical trials model the effects of new drugs on human society. Which of the
following is used to avoid bias in a clinical trial of a new drug?
A. High self-confidence
B. Data manipulation
C. Double-blind testing
D. Personal interest
Answer:
Double-blind testing - C.
Double-blind testing is used to avoid bias in clinical trials for new drugs. Neither the participants nor researchers know who is receiving the new drug or a placebo, eliminating potential biases.
Explanation:The correct method to avoid bias in a new drug's clinical trial is double-blind testing. In a double-blind trial, neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the new drug or a placebo, until the study is completed. This approach eliminates biases that might affect the results, such as the placebo effect, where a participant's symptom's might improve simply because they believe they are receiving medication, or researcher bias, where researchers might inadvertently influence the participants or interpret the results in a way that favors the new drug.
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What affect would a damaged thylakoid membrane have on photosynthesis?
A. The damage would affect the flow of electrons through the mitochondria.
B. A damaged thylakoid would affect ATP synthesis.
C. The damage to the thylakoid would affect the splitting of the water molecule.
D. The sodium-potassium pump would be affected by a damaged thylakoid.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Thylakoid contains proteins chains that are important in photosynthesis – especially the light-dependent phase. The protein chain conveys the high-energy electron harnessing its energy to pump H+ ions across of the membrane to create a proton-motive force. This potential difference in H+ ions is then harnessed by ATP-synthase to synthesize ATPs.
Inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria, thylakoids are membrane-bound compartments. They are where photosynthesis' light-dependent reactions take place. A thylakoid membrane surrounds a thylakoid lumen in thylakoids. Chloroplast thylakoids typically form grana, which are stacks of discs.
Thylakoids include protein chains that are essential for photosynthesis, particularly during the light-dependent phase. The high-energy electron is conveyed by the protein chain, which uses its energy to pump H+ ions across the membrane and create a proton-motive force. ATP-synthase then uses this potential difference in H+ ions to manufacture ATPs.Thus, the answer is B because the damaged thylakoid will affect ATP synthesis.
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Plants exchange gas with the atmosphere. Which statement accurately describes this process?
A. Plants release carbon dioxide and take in oxygen through the stomata in leaves.
B. Plants release oxygen and take in carbon dioxide through the xylem in leaves.
C. Plants release carbon dioxide and take in oxygen through the xylem in leaves.
D. Plants release oxygen and take in carbon dioxide through the stomata in leaves
Answer:
D. Plants release oxygen and take in carbon dioxide through the stomata in leaves.
Explanation:
The stomata are pores in plant tissues that permit gas exchange. Usually, they are found in the leaves but some plants have stomata on their stems.
The stomata allow the plant to take carbon dioxide, needed for photosynthesis, it is like the lungs for the humans.
I hope this answer helps you.
Animals must digest food once it's consumed. The diagram shows the steps involved in which type of digestion?
A. Intracellular digestion
B. Extracellular digestion
C. Acid mediated digestion
D. Digestive tract absorption
Answer:
A. Intracellular Digestion
Explanation:
Intracellular digestion. Intracellular digestion is the type of digestion which takes place in the cell cytoplasm
Answer:
The correct answer is option A. intracellular digestion.
Explanation:
The diagram is given in question showing the steps involved in intracellular digestion which is the breaking of food or other substances in the cytoplasm of a cell by engulfing from surroundings.
In the following diagram Type of intracellular digestion that is phagocytosis is shown, the engulfed particle pinched off by lysosomes having hydrolytic enzymes. The food particles present within the phagosome is then digested by the lysosome's enzymes.
Thus, the correct answer is option A. intracellular digestion.
In many cultivated plants (such as oranges, bananas, and potatoes), favorable characteristics often are created by careful genetic crosses. Of the following, which would be the best way to maintain the traits of a new variety with favorable characteristics
A) Selfing individuals of this new variety (i.e, crossing the offspring of one parental plant)
B) Artificially pollinating wild varieties with pollen from the new variety
C) Crossing the new variety with a variety that was homozygous recessive for all traits of concern.
D) Vegetative reproduction of the new variety
Answer:C
Explanation:crossing the new variety with homozygous recessive ones means there is high chance of these being dominant over the trait that Re of concern
Identify the accurate statement regarding prenatal development and birth. The development of the central nervous system is completed during the embryonic period. In the last months of prenatal life, the lungs begin to expand and contract and the valves of the heart undergo final maturation. A baby cannot be both preterm and small-for-date. A 36-week fetus will not yet have developed sufficient lung function to survive on its own.
Answer: Option B
Explanation:
The prenatal development of the fetus is very important in order for the fetus to live a healthy life outside the womb.
The vital organs of the fetus must be fully development before delivery of the fetus. The kidney, lungs and brain must be fully developed else the fetus can get exposed to many disease since birth.
The last months of the prenatal development includes the expansion and contraction of valves of heart which undergoes the final maturation.
The ____________ describes a species as groups of organisms that interbreed, have a shared ____________ , and are reproductively isolated from all other species.
Answer:
1. Biological species concept
2. Gene pool
Explanation:
Biological species concept defines the species as a group of individuals that can interbreed to produce fertile progeny. The individuals from two different species cannot interbreed and produce viable and fertile progeny. This means that two species are reproductively isolated from each other.
The total number of genes and alleles present in the individuals of a species makes its gene pool. Each species has its unique gene pool.
They discover that the chemical energy in the glucose produced added to the energy used to split water to make oxygen and to the heat lost in the process is equal to the energy of sunlight that was captured by chlorophyll. This is an illustration of what?
Answer:
Photosynthesis
Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a process performed by producing organisms in which the capture of solar energy and its transformation into chemical energy is observed.
Photosynthesis means synthesis by light, the process by which plants, algae and some bacteria use light energy to produce organic matter. Photosynthesis is the main means of energy production of autotrophic beings. This process usually uses carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) to produce organic matter in the form of glycids, which will serve as food for the body, also releasing oxygen gas (O2) to the atmosphere in the process. Virtually all the oxygen that makes up Earth's present atmosphere is the result of photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is a long and complex process and it is in it that the chemical energy in glucose produced added to the energy used to divide water to produce oxygen and for the heat lost in the process is equal to the energy of sunlight that was captured by chlorophyll.
Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers in pea plants. A gardener mates a purple plant with a white plant and records the offspring as having all purple flowers. The gardener just performed a(n) ________ and determined that the purple plant’s genotype was _________________
Answer:
The gardener performed hybrid crossing and the purple plant's genotype is: PP
Explanation:
Since we know the offspring's phenotype (appearance) is purple, the genotype can either be PP or Pp. We know that the farmer crossed a white plant, we can denote it's genotype as pp and a purple plant with a dominant trait. Because the farmer crossed the white plant with the purple plant, this tells us that the genotype of the purple plant must be PP.
Purple flowers are dominant to white flowers in pea plants. By performing a monohybrid cross and observing all purple offspring, the gardener determined that the purple plant's genotype is PP.
Explanation:The gardener performed a monohybrid cross by mating a purple plant with a white plant. Since all the offspring had purple flowers, we can conclude that purple flowers are dominant. Therefore, the purple plant's genotype must be homozygous dominant for the purple flower color, which is represented as PP. This is because, even when crossed with a plant possessing the recessive white flower color (pp), all the offspring expressed the dominant purple flower color, meaning the purple parent must have had two dominant alleles to pass on.
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On a blood smear slide prepared using Wright's stain, you observe a large cell with a U-shaped nucleus and pale blue cytoplasm. This cell is most likely a(n) __________.
a. eosinophil
b.monocyte
c. lymphocyte
d. basophil
The cell observed on a blood smear slide prepared using Wright's Stain with a U-shaped nucleus and pale blue cytoplasm is a monocyte. Monocytes are part of the immune system and can become macrophages that consume harmful pathogens. So, the correct option is b.
Explanation:On a blood smear slide prepared using Wright's stain, if you observe a large cell with a U-shaped nucleus and pale blue cytoplasm, this cell is most likely a monocyte. Monocytes are a type of white blood cell that have a large, often U-shaped nucleus and abundant cytoplasm that stains pale blue with Wright's stain. They play an integral role in our immune system, often transitioning into macrophages that can consume harmful pathogens or debris in our body.
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How has biodiversity been affected in areas where green crabs have been introduced?
A. Additional predators have migrated into the area to feed on the crabs, causing an increase in predator diversity.
B. Native shellfish populations have dramatically decreased as they are outcompeted by the crabs, causing a decrease in biodiversity.
C. The amount of predation on crabs by seabirds has gone up, but biodiversity has not been affected.
D. The overall number of crab species has dramatically increased, increasing overall biodiversity.
The correct answer is B) Native shellfish populations have dramatically decreased as they are outcompeted by the crabs, causing a decrease in biodiversity.
Biodiversity has been affected in areas where green crabs have been introduced in that native shellfish populations have dramatically decreased as they are outcompeted by the crabs, causing a decrease in biodiversity.
Green crabs represent a serious threat to biodiversity in the ocean ecosystem because they are predators that feed with animals that are part of the biodiversity such as clams, mussels, and oysters. As the predators they are, they can dramatically change the ecosystem by affecting the living and reproduction of many species.
Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical. This type of cell division is important for all of the following functions EXCEPTA) growth of a multicellular organism.B) cell replacement.C) production of sperm and eggs.D) asexual reproduction.
Answer:
C) production of sperm and eggs
Explanation:
Sperms and eggs are the male and female gametes respectively. Formation of sperms and egg cells require meiotic cell division. Meiosis in sperm mother cells and egg mother cells reduces the chromosome number of half in the sperms and eggs. Meiosis also adds new gene combinations in these gametes by the process of crossing over.
Mitosis cannot reduce the chromosome number to half in the sperms and eggs. Absence of crossing over in mitosis leads to the formation of genetically identical progeny cells from mitosis.
Hence, mitosis can not form sperms and egg cells. If it does, the sperms and egg cells would not have genetic variations and there would be doubling of chromosome number with each round of sexual reproduction.
Mitosis is necessary for the growth of multicellular organisms, cell replacement, and asexual reproduction. However, it does not play a role in the production of sperm and eggs, which is conducted through Meiosis.
Explanation:Ordinary cell division produces two daughter cells that are genetically identical through a process known as mitosis. This process is fundamental for the growth of a multicellular organism, cell replacement in tissues throughout the body, and asexual reproduction in some organisms. However, when it comes to the production of sperm and eggs, a different kind of cell division occurs known as meiosis. Meiosis produces cells that are not genetically identical, therefore cell division via mitosis does not play a role in the production of sperm and eggs.
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Consider the following family history: Bob has a genetic condition that affects his skin. Bob’s wife, Eleanor, has normal skin. No one in Eleanor’s family has ever had the skin condition. Bob and Eleanor have a large family. Of their eleven children, all six of their sons have normal skin, but all five of their daughters have the same skin condition as Bob. Based on Bob and Eleanor’s family history, what inheritance pattern does the skin condition most likely follow?
Answer: the correct answer is X-linked dominant.
Explanation:
X-linked dominant is a mode of genetic inheritance in which a dominant gene is carried on the X chromosome.
The inheritance pattern suggested by the family history is X-linked recessive inheritance. The skin condition gene lies on the X chromosome. Hence, daughters inheriting the X chromosome with the defective gene from Bob have the skin condition, while sons who inherit the Y chromosome from Bob do not.
Explanation:Based on Bob and Eleanor's family history, the most plausible inheritance pattern for the skin condition is X-linked recessive inheritance. This means that the gene causing the skin condition is located on the X chromosome. In such a scenario, females (who have two X chromosomes) will develop the skin condition if they inherit the defective gene from both parents. However, in this case, since Eleanor does not carry the defective gene, the daughters who each received an X chromosome with the defective gene from Bob have the skin condition.
Conversely, the sons who received their fathers' Y chromosome instead of the X do not get the skin condition.
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Which gland is called the emergency gland and helps the body adjust to stress?
Answer:
Adrenal gland is known as emergency gland which helps the body to adjust to the stress.
Explanation:
Adrenal gland secretes a hormone which is known as adrenaline hormone which is called as emergency hormone. When adrenaline is secreted into the blood it prepares our body of action. This hormone rapidly responds to stress by increasing our heart rate and rushing blood to muscles and brain.
A specific molecule was separated from a yeast cell and then placed in a flask to find out if it would bind to another molecule. This type of experimental design is called a(n)
A. in vitro observation
B. occupational cohort study
C. age cohort study
D. clinical trial
Answer:
A; in vitro observation
Explanation:
In-vitro is a process in which an experiment/organism is performed/taking place in a test tube or culture dish (controlled environment) outside of a living organism. Since a specific molecule was taken from the yeast cell and placed in a separate environment outside of its original living organism (the yeast cell), it is under in-vitro observation. A good example of in-vitro observation is IVF (in-vitro fertilization), when an egg from a mother and the sperm from a father fertilizes in a test tube outside of the mother's body and conception happens outside the body in a laboratory until it becomes an embryo and is placed back into the mother's body.
Sheath of schwann cell containing cytoplasm is called
Answer:
neurilemma
Explanation:
its surrounds the axon of the neuron
The Schwann cell sheath containing cytoplasm is known as the neurilemma, and it is part of the myelin sheath structure produced by the Schwann cell for insulating axons in the peripheral nervous system.
Explanation:The sheath of Schwann cell containing cytoplasm is called the neurilemma. Schwann cells are a type of glial cell specific to the peripheral nervous system, responsible for the production of the myelin sheath that insulates axons. The myelin sheath, often compared to a pastry wrapped around a hot dog, is tightly wrapped around the axon with little to no cytoplasm between the layers. However, at the outermost layer of the Schwann cell membrane, you can find cytoplasm and the nucleus, forming a bulge on the side of the myelin sheath. The Schwann cell completely encircles a single axon segment, in contrast to oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, which extend their processes to multiple axon segments.
The nodes of Ranvier are regularly spaced gaps between sections of the myelin sheath along an axon, allowing for rapid transmission of nerve impulses.
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According to the cladogram shown, which two animal species shared the most recent common ancestor?
A. Primates and crocodiles
B. Birds and rodents
C. Sharks and birds
D. Birds and crocodiles
Answer:
D.
Explanation:
A 'common ancestor' on a cladogram is all of those points where your lines come down and meet the primary line at the bottom.
In this case, your most recent common ancestor is at the point connected to the crocodile. All species at or past that point have that common ancestor, which include only the crocodile and the bird.
How do hormones influence the onset of puberty?
Answer:
At a certain age, the hypothalamus which is an essential part of the brain that releases a gonadotrophin-releasing hormone which stimulates the pituitary to release two important hormones luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone.
These hormones transported through the blood to the testicle and ovary in boys and girls respectively. In boys, LH and FSH reach the testicle and start production of another hormone testosterone which helps in the development procedure and changes in the body.
In girls, the LH and FSH stimulate the ovary and start producing estrogen which helps in puberty which is changes in the body and prepares the body for pregnancy.
Thus, these hormones are responsible for the onset of puberty.
______ act as a barrier to invading cells and viruses. muscle cells connective tissue epithelial cells none of the above
Answer:
Epithelial cells
Explanation:
Epithelial cells act as a barrier to invading cells and viruses.
It lines the tissues of blood vessels in order to keep blood flowing and keeping you healthy.