Final answer:
The steps to follow in an emergency are Check-Call-Care. This procedure involves checking the area for safety, checking the victim, calling for help, and caring for the victim until professional help arrives. AEDs are essential and user-friendly devices that can assist in cardiac emergencies.
Explanation:
The correct steps to follow in an emergency are C-Check-Call-Care. Initially, one must Check the scene to ensure it's safe before approaching the victim. Once safety is confirmed, you Check the victim for responsiveness and breathing. After assessing the situation, you Call for emergency services (such as 911 in the United States) for professional medical help. Finally, you provide Care by performing first aid or CPR if you are trained to do so. In certain cases where a cardiac emergency is suspected, the use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) may be necessary. As per the information provided, AEDs are designed to be user-friendly and can be found in many public places. They come with verbal instructions and will automatically diagnose the patient’s heart rhythm to apply the correct shock, which can save a life during the early minutes of a cardiac attack. It is essential that everyone learns about these lifesaving steps, for instance through programs like Be The Beat, which raises awareness about Sudden Cardiac Arrest.
A heavyset middle-aged insurance salesman who doesn't exercise often accepts his friend's invitation to a pickup basketball game. When attempting a jump shot, he falls to the ground in pain, grasping at the calf of his leg. There is an enormous bulge in his leg immediately below the knee, and he is unable to plantar flex that foot. Most likely he has injured his ___ and the bulge is ___.
Answer:Calcaneal tendon; his triceps surae
Explanation:
The Calcaneal tendon which is also called Achilles tendon is the thickest tendon located at the back of the leg that attaches the plantaris,calf and soleus muscles to the calcaneal bone. These muscles acting together at the tendon is responsible for plantar flexion of the foot of the ankle
The triceps surae on the other hand consisting of two muscles forms the main mass of the calf which are the gastrocnemius and the soleus which join their tendons of into the midline of the leg into one tendon by inserting at the calcaneal tendon are responsble for providing flexion of the leg
Therefore, the heavyset man who falls to the ground in pain, grasping at the calf of his leg and having an enormous bulge in his leg immediately below the knee, with the inability to plantar flex his foot must have injured his _Calcaneal tendon__ and the bulge is _triceps surae because those are the site for these tendon and muscle
A 23 year old, overweight, black woman with a history of hemolytic anemia presents to the emergency department with fever and right upper quadrant pain. A right upper quadrant ultrasound is performed which demonstrates gallstones, a thickened gallbladder wall, and pericholecystic fluid. which patient characteristic puts her at higest risk of developing acute cholecystitis?a.female sexb.young agec.ethnicityd.patients with hemolytice.anemiaf.obesity
Answer:
A, D, and F are most correct (female sex, hemolytic anemia, and obesity)
Explanation:
Acute cholecystitis is the inflammation of the gallbladder, an organ whose main function is to act as a reservoir of bile (a substance made by the liver which helps digest fats). The pathophysiology of this disease is characterized by the presence of stones in the gallbladder, known as gallstones, which block the duct, obstructing the exit of this fluid and favoring inflammation/infection of the organ.
To answer this question, one has to know the risk factors of producing gallstones. An easy way to remember is with the ”F” rule:
Female: Women are more affected than menForty: Refers to the age that the patient has higher riskFertile: Women who had multiple pregnancies (due to the high concentration of estrogens, which promote the production of gallstones)Fat: Obese patients have higher concentration of steroid hormones, promoting production of gallstonesFair: Normally fair skinned people tend to have increased risk.Additionally, hemolytic anemia is associated with production of pigmented gallstones due to the increased breakdown of red blood cells.
If one had to chose one answer for this specific case, the most likely answer would be hemolytic anemia, since this patient is relatively young and has not been exposed to increased concentration of steroid hormones for a long time In her lifespan. Nevertheless, female sex and obesity still are technically correct answers.
The characteristic that puts the patient at the highest risk of developing acute cholecystitis is obesity. Hence, the correct option is f.
Obesity increases the cholesterol in the bile which in turn increases the risk of developing gallstones. These gallstones, when lodged in ducts, can lead to acute cholecystitis, a sudden onset of gallbladder inflammation that may necessitate medical intervention, such as surgery.