Gradualism and punctuated equilibrium are two theories that explain how species might evolve over time. Gradualism suggests continuous slow change, while punctuated equilibrium points to long periods of stability followed by rapid changes. Both are vital in understanding the complexity of evolutionary processes in biology.
Explanation:The term gradualism represents a predictive theory of how a species might change over time. This theory proposes that change occurs continuously and slowly over long periods. On the other hand, the term "assumes that nature can create whole new structures and organisms simply by environmental constraint" is likely referring to the concept of saltation or punctuated equilibrium, which suggests that species remain constant for long periods and that change, when it occurs, is rapid and significant. It's important to note that gradualism and punctuated equilibrium are two theories of evolutionary change that continue to be debated within the scientific community.
Contemporary biological anthropologists use an evolutionary perspective to understand the diversity of life through natural selection. These principles are instrumental in understanding why certain traits prevail over time. The ongoing evolution includes processes like mutation, natural selection, and speciation. The classical view of gradualism contends that species undergo continuous adaptation, but the punctuated equilibria view introduced by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge provides an alternative model where species experience long periods of stability (equilibria) interrupted by brief periods of rapid evolution (punctuated).
Adaptationism allows us to understand how traits contributing to survival and reproduction become predominant within a population, which is a fundamental concept of natural selection. It is important to recognize that evolutionary theory isn't fixed, as it continues to develop with new technologies and cultural shifts, which might lead to a broader understanding of evolutionary forces beyond the classic model.
Choose all the answers that apply.
Organisms within the same species _____.
() have similar physical characteristics
() can breed and create fertile offspring
() have similar behaviors
() can breed and create sterile offspring
() have similar morphology
The answer is 2 and 5
* can breed and create fertile offspring
* have similar morphology
Species is defined as group of organisms that are of the same morphology (may have multiple lines within the group) and has the ability to mate and produce viable, fertile offspring.
Answer:
The answers are options 2 and 5.
Explanation:
The focuses ought to be that it can breed and make fruitful posterity, have comparative morphology .Species is characterized as a gathering of life forms that are of a similar morphology may include various lines inside the gathering and can mate and create reasonable, ripe posterity.
to which property are luster and streak most closely related
Answer:
COLOR of a mineral/rock
Explanation:
Luster is defined as the property of a mineral that describes how light is reflected from the mineral's surface (including rocks as well as crystals). For example, pyrite shows metallic type of luster.
Streak is the color that is produced when a mineral is rubbed on a streak plate. These are finely powdered form. For example, hematite appears to be in different colors such as blackish, brownish or reddish, but all of them produces a reddish colored streak.
These two properties of minerals are directly related to the color of a mineral. Color is one of the primary property of identifying a mineral or rock.
What is the difference between food chains and food webs?
Answer: A food chain is a linear link in a food web, and a food web shows how different paths are connected.
Explanation:
A food chain is a linear link in a food web which starts from a producer organism and ends at predator species and decomposer species. A food chain follows only one path, so they begin with one plant and end with one animal, and shows how an organism gets nutrients and energy and how are those passed to another organism. A simple food chain could start with grass, which is eaten by rabbits, which is eaten by a snake, which is decomposed by earthworms.
A food web shows how different paths are connected. It indicates how a consumer animal may feed on several producing animals or plants. At the same time, several decomposers can act on the same organism. An example of a food web is that there ar many decomposers (microbes, earthworms, fungi) to decompose the same animal.
Thereby, a food web consists of many food chains.
What sequence of mrna is made from the gene ttacaggtcc? select one:
a. ggagtggacc
b. uuacaggucc
c. aauguccagg
d. aatgtccagg?
The sequence of mRNA is made from the gene ttacaggtcc is aauguccagg.
What are the functions of mRNA?Messenger RNA is a type of RNA that is necessary for protein production. Once cells finish making a protein, they quickly break down the mRNA.
mRNAs, like DNA, are nucleic acids that contain a specific sequence of nucleotides. These nucleotides are 'read' (translated) by ribosomes to assemble a polymer of amino acids, a protein.
mRNA is RNA that is read by ribosomes to build proteins. While all types of RNA are involved in building proteins, mRNA is the one that actually acts as the messenger.
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A decreased ph coupled with a decreased plasma concentration of bicarbonate ion indicates that __________ is occurring and the __________ will compensate for this change.
Why are antibiotics frequently added to sabouraud agar for isolating fungi from clinical samples?
Antibiotics such as cycloheximide are frequently added to sabouraud agar for isolating fungi from clinical samples because most fungi grows and multiply slowly at least compared with bacteria that grows rapidly after 24hours. Incorporation of antibiotics into the agar will prevent the growth of bacteria and also other environmental fungal such as Aspergillus spp.
3) Farmer Brown grows corn for a living. One day, Farmer Green suggests to Farmer Brown that he should clone his best corn plant in order to produce more ears of corn per plant. Farmer Brown is not sure about Farmer Green's idea. Why might Farmer Brown be hesitant to clone his corn? A) Cloning the corn plants is difficult and expensive to accomplish. B) The cloned corn would not have the same taste as the original plants. C) Cloning eliminates the ability to sexually reproduce and provide genetic variability. D) Cloned plants would have increased genetic variability as well as a shortened life expectancy.
You traced a molecule of urea from the renal artery out of the body. how would the steps of this tracing differ if the urea were recycled
The original source of all genetic variation is _____. the original source of all genetic variation is _____. natural selection meiosis mutation recombination
The original sources of all genetic variation are mutation and sexual reproduction. Mutation introduces new alleles or variations in a population, resulting in different phenotypes. Sexual reproduction allows for unique combinations of these genetic variants, producing unique individuals.
Explanation:The original source of all genetic variation is predominantly mutation and sexual reproduction. Mutation, a change in the DNA, is considered as the ultimate source of new alleles or new genetic variation in any population. An individual having a mutated gene might portray a different trait than other individuals in the population. Mutations can have three noteworthy outcomes on an organism's phenotype: a reduced fitness implying lower chances of survival or fewer offspring, a beneficial effect that increases fitness, and neutral mutations that have no effect on the organism's fitness.
Sexual reproduction also introduces genetic diversity, as unique combinations of alleles assemble to generate unique genotypes and thus phenotypes in each of the offspring. Likewise, the process of meiosis, especially during cross-over, contribute to genetic variation.
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There is much discussion in the media about protecting biodiversity. but does biodiversity really matter
True or False
The female determines the sex of mammals.
Binomial nomenclature refers to what two levels of classification?
The binomial nomenclature system was developed by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century as a way to provide a standardized, internationally recognized system for naming organisms.
What is Binomial nomenclature?Carl Linnaeus created the binomial nomenclature system in the 18th century to provide a standardised, internationally recognised system for naming organisms.
The genus name is capitalised in this system, while the species name is in lower case and italicised (or underlined if handwritten).
Binomial nomenclature is a method of naming organisms that employs two levels of classification: genus and species.
The genus is a collection of closely related species with a common ancestor and similar characteristics.
The species is the smallest classification unit and refers to a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
Thus, this is Binomial nomenclature.
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A main symptom in lewy body disease is loss of _____.
The answer is inhibition. This is due to dementia from total or partial loss of the mental capacity hence causing the patient to forget things easily/not form any memory. Inhibition may cause one to embarrass themselves and others in social occasions. This results to strained social relationships as a result. In Lewis disease, abnormal Lewis bodies form in regions of the brain. Other symptoms of the disease include loss of memory and confusion.
In what organelle does cellular respiration take place name two storage organelles
What is the purpose of mitosis in an organism's life cycle?
A.to produce new, identical body cells
B.to make copies of DNA
C.to produce sex cells such as sperm and egg
D.to release energy for use by the cells
Answer: A.to produce new, identical body cells
Mitosis plays an important part in the organism’s life cycle. In unicellular or single-celled organisms, mitosis is a type of asexual reproduction, producing identical copies of a single cell. In multicellular organisms, mitosis produces more cells for its growth and repair. Therefore the statement that mitosis produces new, identical body cells is correct.
Polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is an essential technique for the study of dna. pcr uses a dna polymerase enzyme from thermophilus aquaticus to amplify dna extracted from any sample. in order for the reaction to work, researchers must transfer microliters of sample to the reaction vessel for pcr. if a researcher has a dna sample with a concentration of 0.28 micrograms per microliter, how many microliters of dna must be transfered to conduct a 50 microliter reaction if the final concentration should be 2.2 nanograms per microliter?
Where are the choroid plexuses found, and what is their function?
The choroid plexuses are found in the four ventricles of the brain. They contain ependymal cells that filter blood to produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), which circulates within the ventricular system before being reabsorbed into the blood. They also contribute to the formation of the blood-brain barrier.
Explanation:The choroid plexuses are specialized structures found within the four ventricles of the brain. These structures contain ependymal cells that line blood capillaries, playing a critical role in filtering blood to produce cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
CSF Circulation:
The choroid plexuses in all four ventricles produce CSF.From the lateral ventricles, the CSF flows into the third ventricle, which produces more CSF.The ventricular system then opens up to the subarachnoid space from the fourth ventricle, allowing CSF to flow through the ventricles and around the outside of the CNS.Lastly, the CSF is reabsorbed into the blood at the arachnoid granulations, where the arachnoid membrane emerges into the dural sinuses.Furthermore, the choroid plexuses also contribute to the formation of the blood-brain barrier.
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Hello there!
What is the role of the Mitochondria? Thanks!
Why is there more than one single locus probe used in actual paternity DNA test?
Multiple single locus probes are used in actual paternity DNA tests to increase accuracy and reliability. Each probe targets a specific polymorphic segment in the DNA, allowing for the detection of different genetic variations.
Explanation:In actual paternity DNA tests, multiple single locus probes are used to increase the accuracy and reliability of the test. Each probe targets a specific polymorphic segment in the DNA, allowing for the detection of different genetic variations in the tested individuals.
By using more than one probe, the test can analyze multiple loci or regions of the DNA simultaneously. This increases the chance of obtaining conclusive results and reduces the possibility of false matches or inconclusive outcomes.
For example, if only a single locus probe were used, there is a chance that the tested individuals could share the same genetic variant at that specific locus, leading to misleading results. However, by analyzing multiple loci, the test can provide a more comprehensive and accurate assessment of paternity.
Which of these describes one way that the human nervous system maintains a constant body temperature when the external temperature is cold?
A) The nervous system increases perspiration.
B) The nervous system causes digestion to speed up.
C) The nervous system causes blood vessels to constrict.
D) The nervous system triggers the fight-or-flight response.
The best description one way that the human nervous system maintains a constant body temperature when the external temperature is cold. Thus, option C is correct.
What is nervous system?Nervous system has known as a well organised system in our body as it performs a very important function. The main component of the nervous system has spinal cord and brain. The nerves are arranged in the form of branches from the spinal cord and distributed in all the parts of body.
The location where brain and spinal cord are located is known as dorsal body cavity and these two parts of the body play a vital role in communication of all parts of the body.
Homeostasis is the tendency of body to maintain the internal environment of the body as when there is too much cold body starts shivering and due to this the body warm up and in same way when there is to much hot body starts sweating to maintain the temperature.
Therefore, The best description one way that the human nervous system maintains a constant body temperature when the external temperature is cold. Thus, option C is correct.
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Cathodic protection occurs when
a.iron is amalgamated with mercury.
b.iron is made amphoteric.
c.iron is painted to protect it from corrosion.
d.iron is tin-plated for use as a tin can.
e.iron is attached to a more active metal.
Cathodic protection occurs when iron is attached to a more active metal. Cathodic protection is an anti-corrosion control technique used to control the corrosion of a metal surface by making it the passive site of an electrochemical cell. During this technique, the metal to be protected is connected to a more easily corroded metal which later corrodes instead of the protected metal.
The frequency of carriers for a rare autosomal recessive genetic condition is 0.04 in a population. assuming this population is in hardy-weinberg equilibrium, what is the allele frequency of the recessive allele?
How are hormones and prostaglandins similar? how are they different?
Final answer:
Hormones and prostaglandins both function as signaling molecules, with hormones acting systemically and prostaglandins acting locally. Prostaglandins are produced from arachidonic acid and have diverse roles and effects depending on their structure and the receptors they bind to in different tissues.
Explanation:
Hormones and prostaglandins are similar in that they both act as signaling molecules in the body; however, they have key differences in their production and modes of action. Hormones are typically produced by specialized glands and travel through the bloodstream to exert effects at distant sites, functioning as part of the endocrine system. In contrast, prostaglandins are derived from fatty acids, specifically arachidonic acid, and they act locally as autocrine or paracrine factors, meaning they affect the cells that produce them or neighboring cells, respectively.
Prostaglandins are produced in many places throughout the body and tend to work in the local environment of their secretion. They play roles in various physiological processes, such as inducing labor, regulating inflammation, affecting blood flow and clotting, and controlling gastric secretions. Their diverse effects are due to structural differences which lead to different biological activities, and their actions are determined by the receptors they bind to in different tissues.
According to the theory of global warming, which statement is the MOST LIKELY reason for the current climate change?
If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the dna that inactivates the promoter, what would happen at the rna level? the mutation of the dna would be carried through to the rna sequence. the dna helicase would not be able to recognize and bind the dna, so the rna would not be made. nothing, the rna would be made as usual. the rna polymerase would not be able to recognize and bind the dna, so no rna would be made.
If the promoter sequence in the DNA is inactivated, the RNA polymerase would not be able to recognize and bind the DNA, resulting in no RNA being made.
Explanation:If you made a change in the promoter sequence in the DNA that inactivates the promoter, the RNA polymerase would not be able to recognize and bind the DNA, so no RNA would be made.
This would result in a decrease or complete loss of transcription of the gene that the promoter sequence was responsible for activating. Without the RNA being made, the gene cannot be expressed and the corresponding protein will not be produced.
Therefore, the correct answer is: The RNA polymerase would not be able to recognize and bind the DNA, so no RNA would be made.
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The upward movement of water in a plant involves all the following processes except?
A. Translocation
B. Cohesion
C. Tension
D. Transpiration
The by-products of hydrolysis include...
A. Protein and fats
B. Stamen and anthers
C. Carbon dioxide and water
D. Pollen and ovules
The answer is A. Translocation is the movement of food material such as carbohydrates up the plant to parts such as the leaves. This force is not associated with water movement since it is associated with the phloem tissues of the plant.
The answer is A. Hydrolysis process reduces substances such as carbohydrates to glucose or proteins to constituent amino acids. This requires that water is used up in breaking the bond. Hydrolysis can also happen in reverse where bigger molecules are formed from smaller molecules by expending water from the bond (condensation reaction).
Which of the following is not true of the xylem?
A. Contains water
B. Comprised of living cells
C. Has thick cells walls
D. Contains dissolved minerals
Which is true of auxins?
A. Affect mitosis
B. Open the stomata
C. Concentration is gravity dependent
D. Control leaf budding
The two-point discrimination test is used to determine ________.
The two point discrimination test is used to determine sensitivity to touch. This test is performed to evaluate the ability of an individual to identify two close points on a small area of skin and how well the individual can discriminate the points. The test can be done by using calipers.
The two-point discrimination test is used to assess the sensitivity to fine touch and the density of sensory endings in the skin, particularly at the fingertips. The test involves touching the skin in two locations simultaneously and asking the patient to identify the number of stimuli. This can determine the presence of a dorsal column pathway deficit.
Explanation:The two-point discrimination test is used to determine the sensitivity to fine touch and highlight the density of sensory endings, essentially receptive fields in the skin. This is particularly relevant to the fingertips where this sensitivity is highest. The test is performed by simultaneously touching the skin in two locations using a specialized instrument like forceps or calipers to measure the precise distance between the points. The patient, with their eyes closed, is asked to identify whether one or two stimuli are present. Failure to recognize two points can be an indication of a dorsal column pathway deficit.
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What does absorption mean?
A - breakdown of molecules
B - enzyme activity on nutrients
C - network of chemical reactions that occur in the body
D - process of assimilating
Absorption is the biological process where digested nutrients are taken into the bloodstream, mainly occurring in the small intestine.
Explanation:Absorption in the context of biology, particularly the digestive system, refers to the process in which substances pass into the bloodstream or lymph system to circulate throughout the body. After food is broken down into small nutrient molecules through mechanical and chemical digestion, the molecules are absorbed by the blood. This process primarily takes place in the small intestine, where nutrients are assimilated into the body to be used for energy, growth, and repair.
Describe some of the problems faced by benthic organisms in the ocean
The benthic organism is an organism that lives on, in or near the seafloor. This also helps the environment and marine life by providing structure, alter water currents, and stabilize shorelines, hard substrate settlement. Some recycle nutrients and improve water quality. An animal of a large group distinguished by the possession of a backbone or spinal column, including mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibians, and fishes.