Crude oil components are separated based on their boiling points using fractional distillation in a refinery.
Explanation:The various components of crude oil are separated in a refinery based on differences in their boiling points. This process, known as fractional distillation, takes advantage of the fact that different compounds in crude oil have different boiling points.
In a refinery, crude oil is heated in a furnace and the vaporized oil is then passed through a tall column called a fractionating column. As the vapor rises through the column, it cools down, and the compounds with higher boiling points condense and are collected at different levels in the column.
For example, at the bottom of the column, heavy compounds like bitumen and fuel oil are collected, while lighter compounds like gasoline and kerosene are collected at higher levels. This allows the refinery to separate and collect various components of crude oil for further processing.
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An electrochemical cell is made up of two half-cells connected by a salt bridge and an external conductor. What is the function of the salt bridge?
Salt bridge is used to maintain the electrical neutrality in a cell as migration of ions from half cell to other half cell occurs to keep the balance in charges. In the absence of the salt bridge, the charges get imbalanced. After that, the cell stops working because ions will collected in both the electrolytes until the potential difference due to ions and potential difference from the reaction is just opposite to each other. Due to this, flow of electrons doesn't takes place and no current will flow.
Therefore, the function of salt bridge is to maintain the electrical neutrality in a cell.
Which of the following describes the strong nuclear force? A. A strong repelling force between protons and electrons B. A strong attractive force between protons and neutrons C. A strong repelling force between protons and neutrons D. A strong attractive force between neutrons and electrons
Answer:
The correct answer is option B.
Explanation:
Strong nuclear force is defined as strong force of an attraction which binds the quarks together to form a cluster of subatomic particles like protons and neutrons in the nucleus. This is the force which keeps the nucleus intact.
So, we can say that is an strong attractive force between the proton and neutron.
Answer:
B. A strong attractive force between protons and neutrons.
Explanation:
Correct answer for APEX quiz.
When a nucleus undergoes nuclear decay by gamma rays the atomic number of the element?
When a nucleus undergoes nuclear decay by gamma rays the atomic number of the element remains unchanged
When a nucleus undergoes nuclear decay by gamma rays, the atomic number of the element remains unchanged. This type of decay involves the emission of high-energy gamma ray photons, which reduces the nucleus's energy state but does not alter the number of protons or neutrons.
For instance, an isotope in an excited state, such as technetium-99m, undergoes gamma decay to release a gamma photon and becomes technetium-99, but both have the same atomic number of 43.
What is the value of n when the empirical formula is c3h5 and the molecular mass is 205.4?
Which of these changes would cause a decrease in the pressure of a contained gas?
A 25.0 ml sample of 0.105 m hcl was titrated with 31.5 ml of naoh. what is the concentration of the naoh?
The concentration of the NaOH: 0.083 M
Further explanationTitration is a procedure for determining the concentration of a solution by reacting with another solution which is known to be concentrated (usually a standard solution). Determination of the endpoint / equivalence point of the reaction can use indicators according to the appropriate pH range
Titrations can be distinguished including acid-base titration, depositional titration, and redox titration. An acid-base titration is the principle of neutralization of acids and bases is used.
An acid-base titration there will be a change in the pH of the solution.
From this pH change a Titration Curve can be made which is a function of acid / base volume and pH of the solution
Acid-base titration formula
Ma Va. na = Mb. Vb. nbMa, Mb = acid base concentration
Va, Vb = acid base volume
na, nb = acid base valence
Neutralization Reaction:
NaOH + HCl ⇒ NaCl + H₂O
25.0 ml, 0.105 M HCl was titrated with 31.5 ml of NaOH
Acid-base titration formula
Ma Va. na = Mb. Vb. nb
a = HCl, b = NaOH (both have valence 1)
0.105 M. 25 = Mb. 31.5. 1
[tex]\rm Mb = \dfrac {0.105 \times 25} {31.5} \\\\ Mb = \boxed {\bold {0.083 \: M}}[/tex]
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Lithium hydroxide is used to purify air by removing carbon dioxide. a 25.00ml sample of lithium hydroxide solution is titrated to an end point by 15.22 ml of a 0.3340m hydrochloric acid solution. what is the molarity of the lioh solution
A 98.0°C piece of cadmium (c=.850J/g°C) is placed in 150.0g of 37.0°C water. After sitting for a few minutes, both have a temperature of 38.6°C. What was the mass of the cadmium sample?
Question 6 the chemical formula ch2o can be classified as: empirical only. molecular only. empirical, possibly molecular. not enough information none of the above
If sodium loses 1 electron, it will have the same number of valence electrons as which noble gas?
Calculate the mass of sodium chloride produced when 5.50 moles of sodium reacts in excess chlorine gas
what is ½O2 ? pls help me!!!
What most determines the entropy of a solid? A. The mobility of electrons in the solid B. The crystalline structure of the solid C. The specific heat capacity of the solid D. The enthalpy of formation of the solid
Answer:
The crystalline structure of the solid
Explanation:
The third law of thermodynamics has to do with entropy. It states that the entropy of a perfectly ordered crystal lattice is zero at the absolute zero temperature.
Let us be reminded that entropy is the degree is disorderliness in a system. Hence, atoms of a crystal lattice stop moving as the system approaches absolute zero, the entropy also tends to a constant value.
This clearly shows that the crystalline structure of a solid material determines the degree of entropy of the solid.
Which of the following equations can be used to determine the change in enthalpy of a system?
Which of the following processes is exothermic? which of the following processes is exothermic? the chemical reaction in a "cold pack" often used to treat injuries the vaporization of water?
Answer:
Among the processes given i.e. Burning of candle, baking of bread, the reaction in a cold pack, and vaporization of water. The burning of the candle is an exothermic reaction.
Explanation:
The exothermic reactions are the ones in which there is an emission of energy.
In the baking of bread, the process grasps the energy and utilized it for the baking process. This is the form of an endothermic reaction.
The reaction of a cold pack for the treatment of injuries requires the heat from the surroundings and convert it to heat for recovery. So this requires energy and there is no loss in surroundings. It can't be the exothermic reaction.
The vaporization of water requires heat energy for transmission to the vapor state. This does not emit energy. This can't be the exothermic reaction.
The burning of Candle emits heat energy in the surroundings. This is considered an exothermic reaction.
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In the word equation, sodium oxide water sodium hydroxide, the formula for sodium hydroxide is represented by
The correct formula for sodium hydroxide in the given word equation is NaOH.
The word equation provided is:
[tex]\[ \text{sodium oxide} + \text{water} \rightarrow \text{sodium hydroxide} \][/tex]
To represent this equation with chemical formulas, we need to know the formulas for each compound:
- Sodium oxide (Na2O) is an ionic compound composed of sodium ions (Na+) and oxide ions (O2-).
- Water (H2O) is a molecular compound composed of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.
- Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is an ionic compound composed of sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxide ions (OH-).
The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
[tex]\[ \text{Na}_2\text{O} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 2\text{NaOH} \][/tex]
This equation shows that sodium oxide reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide. The formula for sodium hydroxide is NaOH, which consists of one sodium ion (Na+) and one hydroxide ion (OH-). The coefficient 2 in front of NaOH indicates that two moles of sodium hydroxide are produced for every mole of sodium oxide and water that react.
The process in which sediment is dropped and comes to rest is called
Answer : The process in which sediment is dropped and comes to rest is called, Deposition.
Explanation:
Deposition : It is a type of process in which the molecules are settle down at the bottom of the container. In this process, there is no intermolecular space present between the atoms of molecule.
This process results in the formation of the sedimentary rocks which are made out of ice, wind and water flows which carry particles in the suspension.
Hence, the process in which sediment is dropped and comes to rest is called, Deposition.
A gas sample occupies 3.50 liters of volume at 20.°c. what volume will this gas occupy at 100°c (reported to three significant figures)?
What is a functional group? A-a group of organs in the body that work together to perform a certain function B-a group of living things that are made up of organic compounds C-a group of atoms bonded to carbon that determines how the molecule will react D-a group of organic molecules that work together to speed up reactions
The answer to your question is C.
How many kilojoules of heat are needed to completely vaporize 42.8 grams of c4h10o at its boiling point given that c4h10o has a heat of vaporization (δhvap) of +26.5 kj/mol and a molar mass of 74.12 g/mol?
A sample of O2 occupies a volume of 600 mL. If the pressure exerted on the O2 is tripled with the temperature remaining constant, the new volume of the oxygen is
Which property of gases allows you to smell popcorn when you walk into a movie theater? compressibility of gas particles diffusion definite shape effusion
If the number of moles of a gas initially contained in a 2.10 l vessel is doubled, what is the final volume of the gas in liters? (assume the pressure and temperature remain constant.) none of the above 8.40 4.20 1.05 6.30
Which of these formulas is the expanded structural formula for an alkane with three carbon atoms? which of these formulas is the expanded structural formula for an alkane with three carbon atoms? c– c– c ch3–ch2–ch3 c3h6 c3h8?
The expanded structural formula for a three-carbon alkane is CH3-CH2-CH3, which represents propane (C3H8) following the general alkane formula CnH2n+2.
Explanation:The expanded structural formula for an alkane with three carbon atoms is CH3-CH2-CH3. In the alkanes series, each molecule follows the general formula CnH2n+2, indicating that for three carbon atoms, the molecular formula is C3H8. Thus, the correct choice from the options provided is CH3-CH2-CH3, which is the condensed structural formula for propane.
Determine the molarity of a solution made by dissolving 11.7 g of NaNO3 in water where the final volume of the solution is 250.0 mL.
Answer:
[tex]0.552~M[/tex]
Explanation:
For the calculation of molarity "M" we have start with the molarity equation:
[tex]M=\frac{mol}{L}[/tex]
So, we have to calculate the moles of [tex]NaNO_3[/tex] and the L of [tex]NaNO_3[/tex].
For the calculations of moles we have to use the molar mass of [tex]NaNO_3[/tex].
Na=23 g/mol
N=14 g/mol
O= 16 g/mol
[tex]molar~mass~=~(23*1)+(14*1)+(16*3)=85~g/mol[/tex]
or
[tex]1~mol~NaNO_3=85~g~NaNO_3[/tex]
Now, we can find the moles of [tex]NaNO_3[/tex]:
[tex]11.7~g~NaNO_3*\frac{1~mol~NaNO_3}{85~g~NaNO_3} =0.138~mol~NaNO_3[/tex]
The next step would be the converstion from mL to L:
[tex]250.0~mL~*\frac{1~L}{1000~mL} =~0.25~L\\[/tex]
Finally, we have to plug both values in the molarity equation:
[tex]M=\frac{0.138~mol}{0.25~L}=~0.552~M[/tex]
A cube of iron (Cp = 0.450 J/g•°C) with a mass of 55.8 g is heated from 25.0°C to 49.0°C. How much heat is required for this process?
What is the melting point of a solution in which 3.5 grams of sodium chloride is added to 230 mL of water?
Answer:
0.952 °C
Explanation:
The change in melting point is computed as:
ΔT = k*m*i
where ΔT is the difference between the melting point of water and of solution, k is a constant (1.86 °C*kg/mol for water), i is the van't Hoff factor (equal to 2 for sodium chloride because 2 ions are obtained after its dissolution), and m is the molality of the solution.
Molar mass of sodium chloride: 58.44 g/mol
Moles of of sodium chloride: mass / molar mass 3.5/58.44 = 0.059 mol
Density of water 1 kg/L
230 mL of water are equivalent to 0.23 L
mass of water: density * volume = 1*0.23 = 0.23 kg
Molality of the solution: m = moles of solute/ kg of solvent = 0.059/0.23 = 0.256
Finally:
ΔT = 1.86*0.256*2 = 0.952 °C
Water melting point: 0 °C
So, the solution melting point is: 0 - 0.952 = 0.952 °C
How to make sulfur hexafluoride?
an aqueous solution of NaOh is used as a drain cleaner.If the concentration of OH^- ions in this solution is 1×10^-5,the concentration of H^+ ions in it would be?
When 0.440 mol of aluminum are allowed to react with an excess of chlorine gas, cl2, how many moles of aluminum chloride are produced? when 0.440 mol of aluminum are allowed to react with an excess of chlorine gas, cl2, how many moles of aluminum chloride are produced? 0.880 mol 0.440 mol 0.330 mol 0.220 mol 0.110 mol?
When 0.440 mol of aluminum react with excess chlorine gas, 0.440 mol of aluminum chloride are produced according to the 1:1 stoichiometric ratio in the balanced chemical equation.
Explanation:When 0.440 mol of aluminum are allowed to react with an excess of chlorine gas (Cl2), to determine how many moles of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) are produced, we look at the stoichiometry of the balanced equation:
2 Al (s) + 3 Cl2 (g) → 2 AlCl3 (s)
This reaction shows that 2 moles of aluminum react with 3 moles of chlorine gas to produce 2 moles of aluminum chloride. Given the stoichiometry is a 1:1 ratio between aluminum and aluminum chloride, if you start with 0.440 mol of aluminum, you would end up producing 0.440 mol of aluminum chloride as well, provided chlorine is in excess.