Final answer:
The back-and-forth movement of electrons is called alternating current (AC), and the unidirectional flow in a battery circuit is known as direct current (DC). DC moves from the negative to the positive terminal of a battery, driven by the terminal voltage. The concept of conventional current assumes the flow of positive charges from positive to negative terminal.
Explanation:
The back-and-forth movement of electrons is called alternating current (AC). In contrast, the movement of electrons in one direction in a battery circuit is called direct current (DC).
When electrons move from a low-potential terminal (negative end) through a conductor, such as a wire, and enter a high-potential terminal (positive end) of a battery, this consistent unidirectional flow forms a DC. This is differ from AC, where the movement of electric charge periodically reverses direction. Electricity produced by batteries is a form of DC, and this is why it has definite positive and negative terminals.
The terminal voltage or electromotive force (emf) of a battery drives the flow of electrons, producing electric current. In metal wires, conventional current is carried by the flow of electrons which are negatively charged. However, conventional current is treated as if positive charges move from the positive to the negative terminal, reflecting historical conventions established before the discovery of the electron.
You are the juror of a case involving a drunken driver whose 1041 kg sports car ran into a stationary 1928 kg station wagon stopped at a red traffic light. the cars stuck together and slid with locked wheels for 12.0 m before coming to rest. the coefficient of sliding friction on the dry road was 0.60. estimate the speed of the sports car when it hit the station wagon.
A child sitting 1.20 m from the center of a merry-go-round moves with a speed of 1.35 m/s. (a) calculate the centripetal acceleration of the child.
Which memory system provides us with a very brief representation of all the stimuli present at a particular moment?
A baby is born with an extra chromosome in each of its cells. Which of the following is responsible for this condition?
A.Albinism
B.Mutations
C.Segregation
D.Gene therapy
Answer:
Mutation is correct
Explanation:
99 percent of the earth's atmosphere by mass is made up of only elements. These elements are
A)Carbon and oxygen
B)Nitrogen and oxygen
C)Hydrogen and oxygen
D) Helium and hydrogen
The correct answer is B) Nitrogen and oxygen
Explanation:
The atmosphere refers to the gaseous layer that covers a body such as a planet. The composition of the atmosphere varies according to the planet or body and therefore the elements found on it are different. In the case of our planet, the atmosphere is mainly composed of nitrogen and oxygen as these are 99% of the atmosphere, while other elements such as carbon dioxide represent the 1% missing. Also, the atmosphere is divided into different layers according to heigh this includes the troposphere, stratosphere, among others. Thus, 99 percent of the Earth's atmosphere is made up only of nitrogen and oxygen.
Find the Voltage drop (in mV) across an 46.6 m long copper wire with diameter of 1.11 mm and with 47.6 miliAmps of current running through it. (The resistivity of copper at room temperature is 1.68×10-8 Ohm×meter). Express the answer (only numerical value) to the nearest whole number.
Suppose you had a parallel circuit with several identical light bulbs of equal resistance. if one bulb goes bad (or is disconnected), what happens to the brightness of the other bulbs?
In a parallel circuit, the brightness of the remaining bulbs isn't affected when one bulb goes bad or is disconnected. This is because each bulb has its own path to the voltage source, and neither the voltage nor the redistributed current through each bulb is affected by the removal of one bulb. Contrarily, in a series circuit, all bulbs would go dark.
Explanation:In a parallel circuit with several identical light bulbs of equal resistance, when one bulb goes bad or is disconnected, it doesn't affect the brightness of the other bulbs. This is because in a parallel circuit, each bulb has its own separate path to the voltage source. Therefore, the removal of one path (the bad or disconnected bulb) doesn't affect the potential difference or voltage across the other bulbs.
Let's take the two primary variables determining the brightness of a bulb - the voltage and current. In a parallel circuit, the voltage across each bulb remains the same, regardless of whether a bulb is removed or not. On the other hand, current, though different for each bulb depending on its resistance, isn't affected by the removal of one bulb because the total current just gets redistributed through the remaining paths, maintaining the original brightness of the other bulbs.
In contrast, if this were a series circuit, the scenario would be different. In a series circuit, the removal or failure of one bulb would disrupt the entire circuit (since there's only one path for the current to flow), causing all other bulbs to go dark.
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What is an intron?
A.) A part of DNA that codes for a functional protein
B.) A part of DNA that does not code for a functional protein
C.) The beginning part of the DNA molecule
D.) The end of part of the DNA molecule
A dam is a structure built across a river to hold back the river's water. The flow of water through a dam is controlled by gates. When the gates are closed, water is held at a greater height than it would otherwise occupy.
The water has_________ energy when the gates are closed due to its height. This energy is transformed into _______energy when the gates open and the water begins to flow downward.
potential is the first one kinetic is the second
Is the force that earth exerts on you larger, smaller, or the same as the force you exert on it?
In which of the following is no work done A.climbing stairs B.lifting a book C.pushing a shopping cart D.none of the above
The correct answer is D. none of the above. In all of the given options, work is done.
Explanation:The correct answer is D. none of the above. In all of the given options, work is done.
A. Climbing stairs: When you climb stairs, you are doing work against gravity. You are exerting a force to move your body against the force of gravity.B. Lifting a book: When you lift a book, you are also doing work against gravity. You are exerting a force to move the book against the force of gravity.C. Pushing a shopping cart: Pushing a shopping cart requires you to apply a force to move the cart, which is considered work.D. None of the above: This option is incorrect because work is done in all of the given options.Learn more about Work and force here:https://brainly.com/question/758238
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As the distance increases, the electrical forces of attraction between oppositely charged particles _____.
Answer:
Decreases
Explanation:
Coulomb found that the electric force between two point charges is inversely proportional to the square of the distance that separates them. Therefore, in this case, when the distance increases the repulsion force decreases and when the distance decreases the repulsion force increases.
Your car burns gasoline as you drive up a large mountain. What energy transformation is the car performing?
Answer:
Explanation:
According to the conservation of energy, energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but can transform from one form to another.
The form of energy is converted into another form is called the transformation of energy.
Here, the chemical energy of the gasoline is converted into kinetic energy of the car.
The work function (φ) for a metal is 7.40×10-19 j. what is the longest wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that can eject an electron from the surface of a piece of the metal
To determine the longest wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that can eject an electron from the metal, one can use the equation E = hc / λ, where E equals the work function, h is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, and λ is the wavelength. Rearranging it as λ = hc / φ and putting the given value of work function and constant values, one can find the required wavelength.
Explanation:To calculate the longest wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that can eject an electron from the surface of the metal, we need to use the equation which describes the relationship between the energy of a photon (E) and its wavelength (λ). This equation is:
E = hc / λ
Where:
E is the energy of the photon (which is equal to the work function φ in this case), h is Planck's constant (6.63 x 10-34 Js), c is the speed of light (3 x 108 m/s), and λ is the wavelength.
Given the work function φ (7.40×10-19J) and other constant values, we can rearrange this formula to calculate λ:
λ = hc / φ
The result will give you the longest wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that can eject an electron from the metal surface.
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The longest wavelength of electromagnetic radiation that can eject an electron from the surface of a piece of the metal is [tex]2.69 \times 10^{-7}\)[/tex] meters.
We use the photoelectric effect equation:
[tex]\[ E = h \nu \][/tex]
where [tex]\( E \)[/tex] is the energy of the photon, [tex]\( h \)[/tex] is Planck's constant, and [tex]\( \nu \)[/tex] is the frequency of the radiation.
The energy of the photon must be at least equal to the work function [tex](\( \phi \))[/tex] of the metal for the electron to be ejected. Therefore, we have:
[tex]\[ E = \phi \][/tex]
[tex]\[ h \nu = \phi \][/tex]
Since [tex]\( \nu = \frac{c}{\lambda} \)[/tex], where [tex]\( c \)[/tex] is the speed of light and [tex]\( \lambda \)[/tex] is the wavelength of the radiation, we can rewrite the equation as:
[tex]\[ h \frac{c}{\lambda} = \phi \][/tex]
Solving for [tex]\( \lambda \)[/tex], we get:
[tex]\[ \lambda = \frac{h c}{\phi} \][/tex]
Given that [tex]\( h = 6.626 \times 10^{-34}\)[/tex] Js (Planck's constant), [tex]\( c = 3.00 \times 10^8\)[/tex] m/s (speed of light), and [tex]\( \phi = 7.40 \times 10^{-19}\)[/tex] J (work function), we can plug in these values to find [tex]\( \lambda \)[/tex]:
[tex]\[ \lambda = \frac{6.626 \times 10^{-34} \text{ Js} \times 3.00 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}}{7.40 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \lambda = \frac{1.9878 \times 10^{-25} \text{ Jm/s}}{7.40 \times 10^{-19} \text{ J}} \][/tex]
[tex]\[ \lambda = 2.6862 \times 10^{-7} \text{ m} \][/tex]
Which of the following is an accurate statement?
A. AC Generators produce current that is pulsating, but always remains positive.
B. Step-up voltage transformers have a lower number of turns in the primary than in the secondary winding.
C. DC Generators produce current with a voltage that changes from positive to negative.
D. Step-down voltage transformers have a different number of turns in the primary than in the secondary winding, so they change the incoming voltage to a higher voltage.
A dog pulls on it's leash with a 10-N force to the left, but doesn't move. Identify the reaction force.
Water is to be pumped to the top of a building that is 366 m high. If the density of water is 1.00 x 10^3 kg/m^3, what amount of pressure is needed in the water line at the base of the building to raise the water to this height?
a.
1.26 x 10^6 Pa
b.
3.59 x 10^6 Pa
c.
5.39 x 10^6 Pa
d.
2.84 x 10^6 Pa
An atomic nucleus has a charge of +40e. an electron is 10-9 m from the nucleus. what is the force on the electron?
The force on an electron placed 10-9 m away from a nucleus with a charge of +40e can be calculated using Coulomb's law, considering the charge of the electron and the proton, the distance between them, and Coulomb's constant.
Explanation:The question pertains to the force experienced by an electron in the vicinity of an atomic nucleus with a charge of +40e. To calculate this force, we will use Coulomb's law, which states that the electric force (F) between two point charges is directly proportional to the product of the charges (q1 and q2) and inversely proportional to the square of the distance (r) between them. The formula is given by F = k * |q1 * q2| / r², where k is Coulomb's constant (8.9875 × 10⁹ N⋅m²/C²).
Given that the charge of a proton (and thus the atomic number Z) is +e and the charge of an electron is -e, the force will be attractive, and we can ignore the signs for magnitude calculation. The charge of a proton is e = 1.602 × 10⁻¹⁹ C. For a +40e charge, the total charge is 40 × e. Plug these values, along with the given distance of 10 × 10⁻¹ m into Coulomb's law to compute the force on the electron.
Therefore, the magnitude of the force on the electron by a nucleus with a charge of +40e located 10⁻¹ m away can be calculated using the steps above.
A motorist is traveling at 20 m/s. He is 60 m from a stoplight when he sees it turn yellow. Is reaction time, before stepping on the brake, is 0.50 s. What steady acceleration (slowing down) while braking will bring him to a stop right at the light?
Final answer:
A motorist traveling at 20 m/s and located 60 m from a yellow stoplight needs a steady deceleration of 4 m/s², after a reaction time of 0.50 s, to stop precisely at the light.
Explanation:
A motorist is traveling at 20 m/s and is 60 m from a stoplight when it turns yellow. The motorist's reaction time is 0.50 s before stepping on the brake. We need to calculate the steady acceleration (slowing down) required to stop the car right at the light.
First, calculate the distance covered during the reaction time. Since the car continues at its initial speed during the motorist's reaction time, the distance covered is:
D_{reaction} = v × t = 20 m/s × 0.50 s = 10 m
This means the remaining distance to be covered under deceleration is 60 m - 10 m = 50 m.
Next, we use the kinematic equation v^2 = u^2 + 2as, where
v = final velocity (0 m/s, since the car stops),
u = initial velocity (20 m/s),
a = acceleration,
s = distance covered under deceleration (50 m).
Rearranging the equation for a, we get:
a = (v^2 - u^2) / (2s) = (0^2 - 20^2) / (2 × 50) = -400 / 100 = -4 m/s².
Therefore, a steady deceleration of 4 m/s² would be necessary for the motorist to stop right at the stoplight.
Question 4 of 10 (1 point) Jump to Question: Choose the word that best completes this sentence. A personal fall arrest system is the most ________ type of fall arrest in construction. A. Common B. Expensive C. Necessary D. Useful
Answer:
A. Common
Explanation:
A personal fall arrest system is the most common type of fall arrest in construction. Personal fall arrest systems are used as protection for OSHA workers who work on construction sites and are exposed to vertical drops of six feet or more. These systems consist of a body harness, anchorage and connector.
the planet jupiter revolves around the sun in a period of about 12 years (3.79 × 108 seconds). what is its mean distance from the center of the sun? the mass of the sun is 1.99 × 1030 kilograms.
The mean distance between the center of the Jupiter and the center of the Sun is "7.85 x 10¹¹ m"
The force of gravitation between the Sun and Jupiter must be equal to the centripetal force between them, for the equilibrium revolution of Jupiter around the Sun.
[tex]Centripeta\ Force\ on\ Jupiter = Gravitational\ Force\ of Attraction\ \\\\\frac{M_{Jupiter}v^2}{r} = \frac{GM_{Jupiter}M_{Sun}}{r^2}\\\\v^2 = \frac{GM_{Sun}}{r}\ -------- eqn(1)\\\\[/tex]
where,
G = Gravitational Constant = 6.67 x 10⁻¹¹ N.m²/kg²
[tex]M_{Sun}[/tex] = Mass of Sun = 1.99 x 10³⁰ kg
r = mean distance between the center of the Jupiter and the Sun = ?
v = linear speed of the Jupiter around the Sun = [tex]\frac{Circumference\ of Jupiter's\ Path}{Time\ Period\ of\ Revolution}[/tex]
[tex]v = \frac{2\pi r}{3.79\ x\ 10^8\ s}\\\\v^2 = \frac{4\pi^2 r^2}{14.36\ x\ 10^{16}\ s^2}[/tex]
Using the values in eqn (1), we get:
[tex]\frac{4\pi^2 r^2}{14.36\ x\ 10^{16}\ s^2} = \frac{(6.67\ x\ 10^{-11}\ N.m^2/kg^2)(1.99\ x\ 10^{30}\ kg)}{r}\\\\r^3 = \frac{(14.36\ x\ 10^{16}\ s^2)(6.67\ x\ 10^{-11}\ N.m^2/kg^2)(1.99\ x\ 10^{30}\ kg)}{4\pi^2}\\\\r = \sqrt[3]{4.83\ x\ 10^{35}\ m^3}[/tex]
r = 7.85 x 10¹¹ m
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The attached picture shows the relationship between the centripetal force and the gravitational force acting on a planet (Jupiter) revolving around the sun.
A weight suspended from a spring is seen to bob up and down over a distance of 25 cm twice each second. what is its frequency? answer in units of hz.
A hair dryer draws 14.5 a when plugged into a 120-v line. assume direct current.
(a) What is its resistance? Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units."
(b) How much charge passes through it in 11 min ? Express your answer to two significant figures and include the appropriate units.
Solution
(a) We can calculate the resistance by using Ohm's law:
[tex]\Delta V= I R[/tex]
Since we know that [tex]\Delta V=120 V[/tex] and [tex]I=14.5 A[/tex], we can find R:
[tex]R= \frac{\Delta V}{I} = \frac{120 V}{14.5 A}=8.3 \Omega [/tex]
(b) The current is equal to the quantity of charge by unit of time:
[tex]I= \frac{Q}{t} [/tex]
In our problem, t=11min=660 s, so we can calculate the charge passed through the hair dryer:
[tex]Q=It=14.5 A \cdot 660 s = 9570 C[/tex]
Sound waves with large amplitudes push on the eardrum with more force and are heard as _______. Sound waves with small amplitudes push on the eardrum with less force and are heard as _______.
What are the magnitude and direction of the force the pitcher exerts on the ball? (enter your magnitude to at least one decimal place.)?
(a) Through what distance does it move before its release? (m)
(b) What are the magnitude and direction of the force the pitcher exerts on the ball? (Enter your magnitude to at least one decimal place.)"
Solution
(a) The pitcher accelerates the baseball from rest to a final velocity of [tex]v_f = 16.5 m/s[/tex], so [tex]\Delta v=16.5 m/s[/tex], in a time interval of [tex]\Delta t = 181 ms=0.181 s[/tex]. The acceleration of the ball in the horizontal direction (x-axis) is therefore
[tex]a_x = \frac{\Delta v}{\Delta t}= \frac{16.5 m/s}{0.181 s}=91.2 m/s^2 [/tex]
And the distance covered by the ball during this time interval, before it is released, is:
[tex]S= \frac{1}{2} a_x (\Delta t)^2 = \frac{1}{2} (91.2 m/s^2)(0.181 s)^2=1.49 m [/tex]
(b) For this part we need to consider also the weight of the ball, which is [tex]W=mg=2.28 N[/tex]
From this, we find its mass: [tex]m= \frac{W}{g}= \frac{2.28 N}{9.81 m/s^2}=0.23 Kg [/tex]
Now we can calculate the magnitude of the force the pitcher exerts on the ball. On the x-axis, we have
[tex]F_x = m a_x = (0.23 kg)(91.2 m/s^2)=20.98 N[/tex]
We also know that the ball is moving straight horizontally. This means that the vertical component of the force exerted by the pitcher must counterbalance the weight of the ball (acting downward), in order to have a net force of zero along the y-axis, and so:
[tex]F_y=W=mg=2.28 N[/tex] (upward)
So, the magnitude of the force is
[tex]F= \sqrt{F_x^2+F_y^2}= \sqrt{(20.98N)^2+(2.28N)^2}=21.2 N [/tex]
To find the direction, we should find the angle of F with respect to the horizontal. This is given by
[tex]\tan \alpha = \frac{F_y}{F_x}= \frac{2.28 N}{20.98 N}=0.11 [/tex]
From which we find [tex]\alpha=6.2^{\circ}[/tex]
If a boat and its riders have a mass of 900 kg and the boat drifts in at 1.4 m/s how much work does sam do to stop it?
Sam does 1260 J of work to stop the boat.
The work done by Sam to stop the boat is equal to the change in kinetic energy of the boat.
Work = ΔKE
[tex]Work = KE_f - KE_i\\\\\\Work = 0 - \dfrac{1}{2}mv_i^2\\\\Work = -\dfrac{1}{2}(900 kg)(1.4 m/s)^2\\\\\\Work = -1260 J[/tex]
The negative sign indicates that the work is done by the boat on Sam.
We know that the mass of the boat and its riders is 900 kg. We also know that the initial velocity of the boat is 1.4 m/s. The final velocity of the boat is 0 m/s, since the boat stops. We can use the equation for kinetic energy to calculate the change in kinetic energy of the boat. The change in kinetic energy is equal to the work done by Sam to stop the boat. The work done by Sam is equal to -1260 J.
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Solar-powered cars use energy from the Sun to work. A panel on the car absorbs light energy from the Sun, which then generates an electric current. This electric current, in turn, allows the car to move. Which shows the correct order of energy transformations that take place in a solar-powered car?
In a solar-powered car, solar energy is converted to electrical energy by solar cells, which is then used to power an electric motor and generate mechanical energy for the car to move.
Explanation:The correct order of energy transformations in a solar-powered car is:
Solar energy from the Sun is converted into electrical energy by solar cells on the car's panel.Electrical energy is then used to power an electric motor.Mechanical energy is generated from the movement of the electric motor, allowing the car to move.For example, when sunlight hits the solar panel, the photovoltaic cells in the panel absorb the energy and generate an electric current. This electric current is used to power the motor, which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy that powers the car's movement.
A certain aircraft has a liftoff speed of 127 km/h.
(a) What minimum constant acceleration does the aircraft require if it is to be airborne after a takeoff run of 277 m?
Final answer:
The minimum constant acceleration required for an aircraft to become airborne after a takeoff run of 277 meters is [tex]2.25 m/s^2[/tex] when converting the liftoff speed from km/h to m/s and applying the kinematic equation.
Explanation:
To determine the minimum constant acceleration required for an aircraft to become airborne after a takeoff run of 277 meters, we can use the kinematic equation:
[tex]$$ v^2 = u^2 + 2as $$[/tex]
Where:
v is the final velocity (liftoff speed), which needs to be converted from 127 km/h to m/s.
u is the initial velocity, which is 0 m/s since the aircraft starts from rest.
a is the acceleration, which we are trying to find.
s is the displacement, which is the distance of the takeoff run (277 m).
First, we convert the liftoff speed to m/s:
[tex]$$ 127 km/hr \times \frac{1000 m}{1 km} \times \frac{1 h}{3600 s} = 35.28 m/s $$[/tex]
Now we can use the kinematic equation to solve for a:
[tex]$$ 35.28^2 = 0^2 + 2a \times 277 $$ $$ a = \frac{35.28^2}{2 \times 277} = \frac{1244.6784}{554} = 2.2465 \frac{m}{s^2} $$[/tex]
The minimum constant acceleration required for the aircraft to be airborne is [tex]2.25 m/s^2[/tex] (rounded to two decimal places).
Which of the following occurs at the SLOWEST rate? A) deposition B) earthquake C) flood D) landslide
The chemical equation shown represents photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide plus A plus light with a right-pointing arrow towards B plus oxygen. The arrow has an x above it. What is the role of substance B in photosynthesis?
It stores chemical energy.
It converts light into chemical energy.
It traps light energy from the atmosphere.
It cools the atmosphere by changing into vapor.