Answer:
The correct answer will be option- C (rainforest)
Explanation:
Biomes are the communities of plants and animals that are formed in a similar physical climate.
In the given question, the characteristics of the Rainforest biome are given as the rainforest biome is marked by the heavy rainfall through the year with a few or less time with no rain. Also, the rainforest receives maximum sunrays on earth so the plants adapt by forming strata or layers.
The upper start receives maximum sunlight while the lower plants receive minimum sunlight so they become creepers to receive the maximum sunlight.
Thus, Option-C is the correct answer.
Answer:
C) Rainforest
Explanation:
I took the test!
Bacteria lack RNA-splicing machinery, which means they are unable to splice out introns from eukaryotic genes. To engineer a bacterium to produce a eukaryotic protein, it is necessary to synthesize a gene without introns. If you know the nucleotide sequence, you can _____.
Answer:
make a gene from the given mRNA without the introns.
Explanation:
Introns can be described as the non- coding regions of DNA. As they are non- coding, they are spliced out from the mRNA so that only the coding regions can be translated.
If we know a nucleotide sequence, then we can make a gene from it without added the introns. We can consider an mRNA strand and make a complementary strand from it, excluding the intron regions. Then from the DNA produced, we can make an mRNA without the introns and insert it into a bacterium.
A silent mutation is the result of a change in a codon for an amino acid in a protein to a stop codon.
A) results in a shorter mRNA transcript of the gene.
B) results in a protein that is truncated from the N terminal end.
C) would likely not affect the activity of a protein.
D) would not affect the primary structure of a protein.
Answer:
Explanation:
A results in a shorter mRNA transcript of the gene
Final answer:
A silent mutation is a type of mutation that does not change the protein product. It occurs when a change in a codon for an amino acid in a protein results in a different codon that still encodes the same amino acid. Therefore, option C) would likely not affect the activity of a protein is the correct answer.
Explanation:
A silent mutation is a type of mutation that occurs when a change in a codon for an amino acid in a protein results in a different codon that still encodes the same amino acid. This type of mutation does not change the protein product and is considered neutral. It can only be detected if the gene is sequenced. Therefore, option C) would likely not affect the activity of a protein is the correct answer.
Recent research has demonstrated a correlation between the presence of certain types of Gram-positive bacteria in the human gut with obesity and type 2 diabetes. These findings best support which of the following statements?
a. Normal microbiota may significantly impact human health and disease
b. The presence of Gram-positive bacteria in the human gut causes obesity and type 2 diabetes
c. Gram-positive bacteria compose the majority of normal microbiota in the human gut of people with obesity and type 2 diabetes.
d. Obesity and type 2 diabetes are caused by normal microbiota in the human gut
Answer:
The correct answer a. Normal microbiota may significantly impact human health and disease.
Explanation:
Even though many organs and body parts of humans are properly working with the presence of microorganisms, when the population exceeds certain limits, the effect can be opposite and bad for health.
A biologist has been studying two populations of trout in Montana for the last 25 years, when the two populations were established from one common population. In the southern population, the fish now have a slightly different mouth shape. But the northern population hasn't changed from the original type. The new shape works well in catching the type of prey common in the habitat of the southern population. Which is the best explanation for the gene differences in the two populations?
Answer:
Positive natural selection.
Explanation:
The positive natural selection is a type of natural selection that increases the frequency of an allele or trait when it is advantageous for the population. What happened in the example is that the mouth with the slight change in morphology (trait) was more advantageous for the population in the south in relation to the ancestral morphology (still preserved in the population in the north), and therefore its frequency increased. This, in turn, is due to the fact that the food (prey) is not the same in the two habitats (north and south). The specific prey in the south, caused the new morphology to be selected, (increasing the frequency of individuals with the new mouth), becasue probably that trait allows the trouts in the south to hunt more effectively.
How do sulfonylureas and meglitinides help to lower blood glucose levels?
A) Promoting beta cell secretion of insulin
B) Decreasing the insulin sensitivity of the receptor cell
C) Increasing glucose formation from liver glycogen
D) Decreasing deamination of protein
Answer:
The correct answer is B decreasing the insulin sensitivity of the receptor cell.
Explanation:
Sulfonylureas and meglitidines are used for the treatment of diabetes.These drugs exerts their action by decreasing the insulin sensitivity of the receptor cell.
As a result the secreted insulin from beta cells of pancreas can easily binds to the insulin receptor in the target cell.The binding of insulin to the receptor helps in the activation of receptor.
The activated receptor then further activates various enzymes that helps in the utilization of glucose by various body cells there by the decreasing the plasma glucose level.
Black-bellied seedcrackers have either small beaks (better for eating soft seeds) or large beaks (better for hard seeds). There are no seeds of intermediate hardness; therefore, which kind of selection acts on beak size in seedcrackers? View Available Hint(s)
Answer:
Disruptive selection is acting on the beak size in seedcrackers.
Explanation:
There are different types of natural selection: sexual selection, stabilizing selection, directional selection, frequency-dependent selection, and disruptive selection.
Disruptive selection occurs when selective pressure favor homozygous. In equilibrium, the two alleles might be present. If there are extreme factors in an environment, such as the seed type, that favor one or the other allele, then both alleles appear in a homozygous state.
The disruptive selection causes an increase in the two types of extreme phenotypes over the intermediate forms. Limits between one extreme and the other are frequently very sharped. Individuals belonging to one phenotype can not feed on the same seeds as individuals belonging to the other phenotype, due to the traits differences between them, competition, or predation.
Both extreme phenotypes are favored over intermediated forms.
The relationship of structure to function is one of the major themes in biology. For three of the following structure/function pairs, describe the structure and then explain how the function is related to the structure.
a. enzyme structure/catalysis
b. mRNA structure/protein synthesis
c. cell membrane structure/signal transduction
d. membrane protein structurelactive transport or facilitated diffusion
Answer:
The function of biomolecule inside our body system fully depends on the structure of that biomolecule.It is because the functional groups that participate in a chemical or biochemical reactions are arranged in a specific array in the structure of that biomolecule or macromolecule.
Explanation:
a enzyme structure/catalysis Enzymes are proteinecious in nature.Enzyme contain various amino acids in its active site such as histidine,serine,glutamic acid etc The amino acids of the active site of that enzyme interact with the substrate resulting in the formation of the product.
b mRNA structure/protein synthesis mRNA or messenger RNA consist of nucleotide sequence.The 3 concequetive nucleotides of an mRNA is termed as codons.Each codon codes for specific amino acid.The so formed amino acid linked with the adjacent amino acid by peptide linkage.
c cell membrane structure and signal transduction cell membrane contain various surface protein that act as receptor to detect signals by binding with signaling molecule during signal transduction process.
Enzymes, such as lactase, have a specific three-dimensional structure that allows them to catalyze chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy. mRNA carries the genetic information from DNA to ribosomes, and its structure determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein during protein synthesis. The structure of the cell membrane, particularly its proteins, enables signal transduction and the transmission of signals from outside to inside the cell.
Explanation:Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in living organisms. They have a specific three-dimensional structure, including an active site where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place. This structure is crucial for their function because it allows enzymes to interact specifically with their substrates and lower the activation energy needed for the reaction, thereby facilitating catalysis. For example, the structure of the enzyme lactase allows it to bind to lactose and break it down into glucose and galactose.
mRNA (messenger RNA) is a single-stranded molecule that carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm, where protein synthesis occurs. Its structure consists of a long sequence of nucleotides, each containing a nitrogenous base (adenine, cytosine, guanine, or uracil), a ribose sugar, and a phosphate group. The specific sequence of nucleotides in mRNA determines the sequence of amino acids in the protein that will be synthesized. Therefore, the structure of mRNA is essential for accurate and efficient protein synthesis.
The cell membrane is composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins and other components. This structure allows the cell membrane to serve multiple functions, including signal transduction. Cellular signaling involves the transmission of signals from outside the cell to the inside, which triggers various cellular responses. The structure of the cell membrane, specifically the proteins embedded in it, allows for the recognition and binding of signaling molecules, leading to intracellular signaling cascades and the activation of specific cellular processes.
Name two features of eukaryotic cells that prokaryotic cells lack
Answer:
Prokaryotic cell and eukaryotic cell are different in many ways and some features that are present in eukaryotic cell but lacked by prokaryotic cells are:
1. Membrane-bound nucleus: Membrane-bound nucleus are present in eukaryotes which contains the eukaryotic cell's genetic material but prokaryotic cell do not contain nucleus therefore it's genetic material is present in the cytoplasm of the cell.
2. Other membrane-bound organelle: Apart from nucleus prokaryotes lack other membrane-bound organelles like mitochondria and chloroplast which is used for ATP generation in eukaryotes therefore ATP generation in prokaryotes takes place in the cell's plasma membrane.
______________________ is considered a recombination event for sexual reproduction because it merges the genetic material from two genetically distinct individuals, creating a genetically unique individual.a. Independent assortmentb. Nondisjunctionc. Homologous separationd. Crossing overe. Fertilization
Answer:
Fertilisation
Explanation:
Fertilisation occurs through the fusion of two gametes, one from each parent, together in sexual reproduction.
Answer:
The correct answer is option e. "Fertilization".
Explanation:
Sexual reproduction involves the mating of two or more individuals with different genres for the creation of new life. The basis of sexual reproduction is fertilization, considered a recombination event that merges the genetic material from two genetically distinct individuals, creating a genetically unique individual. The recombination event is what allows that brothers and sister are not identical even if they share the same mother and father.
The framework of the spleen is created by a network of reticular fibers made by reticular cells. The framework of the spleen is created by a network of reticular fibers made by reticular cells. True or False?
Answer: True.
Spleen framework is created by reticular fibres from reticular cells.
Explanation:
Spleen is an organ found mostly in vertebrates. It develop from mesenchymal cells within the dorsal of mesogastrium near the greater curvature stomach. The mesencymal cells then divide and differentied to form framework of connective tissues of spleen. The framework of spleen is created by reticular fibres of the reticular cells. Reticular fibres are fibres in the connective tissue that is composed of type iii collagen secreted by reticular cells. Spleen function in filtering of blood. It plays a major role in red blood cells and immune system.
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
The spleen is a lymphoid organ with several hematological and immunological functions. It is located in the upper left quadrant of the abdominal cavity. Externally, the spleen is surrounded by a layer of tissue called a capsule, formed by dense fibrous connective tissue, which emits trabeculae inwards. The framework of the connective tissue located between the trabeculae is formed by a network of reticular fibers (which normally gives support) and it’s made by reticular cells (which are found in the tissue and lymphoid organs), being lymphocytes (cells smallest free connective tissue) one of the most predominant elements.
In a factory there are many times that need to be performed someone has to order in stock supplies that are needed for the factory others we use the supplies to manufacture certain parts of the product someone else may have to put together all the pieces then the product has to be inspected and package for sale do you human body works in much the same way there are many times that need to be performed in the human body specialized cells have developed to perform all the little task that the human body needs to operate as a whole what is the main reason that multi celled organisms such as humans have developed specialized cells?
Answer:
The correct answer is cells can do more in less time.
Explanation:
Human body has developed specialized cell so that specific cells can carry out specific functions of the complex human body system.
Each body cells are specialized for their specific function for example heart cells act as pump,lung cells helps in gas exchange,blood cells helps in transport of biomolecules,muscle cells helps in the contraction and relaxation.
Thus the numerous functions of human body are divided among specific cell so that each cell will have low work load and can carry out their specific functions in less time.
A particular diploid plant species has 48 chromosomes, or two sets. A mutation occurs and gametes with 48 chromosomes are produced. If self-fertilization occurs, the zygote will have _____ set(s) of chromosomes.
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4
e. 5
Answer:
D. 4
Explanation:
The mentioned plant species is diploid and have 48 chromosomes. A diploid organism has two complete sets of chromosomes. This means that the diploid plant species have two complete sets of chromosomes. Mutation results in the formation of a diploid gamete having a total of 48 chromosomes (two complete sets of chromosomes). Self-fertilization of such mutated diploid gamete would produce a zygote with 48 (2 sets of chromosomes) + 48 (2 sets of chromosomes) = 96 chromosomes. Therefore, the resultant zygote would have a total of four sets of chromosomes.
Junctions hold cells together in a sheet, which restricts the movement of substances between the cells. These junctions can be found in cells such as the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct of the nephron of the kidney. True or False?
Answer:
The answer is TRUE
Explanation:
The statement is about the Tight Junctions. It is true.
A radiographer performs an abdomen examination with a mobile digital radiography (DR) system. In order to reduce the likelihood of a repeat exposure, he decides to increase the technical factors slightly more than necessary. Which term refers to this undesirable practice?A. Maximum permissible dose.
B. Technique creep.
C. Reciprocity.
D. Dose creep.
Answer:
The correct answer is option D. dose creep.
Explanation:
Dose creep is a practice when an individual technologist like radiographer is unwittingly lured into not modifying exposures as much as with screen film, by not altering causal factors in between AP view when are taken consecutively.
Thus, the correct answers are option D. dose creep.
The correct term referring to the undesirable practice of increasing the technical factors slightly more than necessary is B. Technique creep.
Technique creep is a term used to describe the gradual increase in exposure factors beyond what is necessary for producing a diagnostic quality image. This practice can lead to an increase in patient dose without a corresponding improvement in image quality. It often occurs when radiographers increase technical factors as a precaution to avoid having to repeat an exposure, which can be seen as a way to ensure image quality. However, this is not a recommended practice as it goes against the principle of ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable), which aims to minimize radiation dose to patients while maintaining the require image quality.
Let's consider the other options for clarity:
A. Maximum permissible dose refers to the highest dose of radiation that a person is allowed to receive under regulatory guidelines. It is not related to the practice of incrementally increasing technical factors.
C. Reciprocity in radiography refers to the relationship between the intensity of the x-ray beam and the exposure time. It is a principle that guides the adjustment of exposure parameters to achieve consistent image density when changing from one set of exposure factors to another.
D. Dose creep is a term that is sometimes used interchangeably with technique creep, but it more specifically refers to the gradual increase in radiation dose over time due to changes in technology, practices, or protocols. It is a broader term that encompasses technique creep but is not the most precise term for the scenario described in the question.
Therefore, the most accurate term for the described practice of increasing technical factors more than necessary to reduce the likelihood of a repeat exposure is B. Technique creep.
Distinguish between a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule
Answer:
Explanation:
In the kidney the renal corpuscle are part of a nephron that consists of a glomerulus and a glomerular capsule( Bowman's capsule) they are used to filter blood in the nephron before urine is formed.
While renal tubule is a part of a nephron it is an extension of the renal corpuscle to the collecting duct
The renal tubule contains filtrate collected from the renal capsules and empties it into the duct system. The tubule allows the reabsorbption of filtrate back into the blood.
The renal corpuscle and renal tubule are main parts of the nephron in the kidney. The renal corpuscle is responsible for filtration of blood, while the renal tubule is responsible for reabsorption and secretion processes.
Explanation:The renal corpuscle and renal tubule are two main components of the functional unit of the kidney, known as the nephron. The renal corpuscle is composed of a glomerulus and Bowman's capsule, located at the beginning of the nephron. It is responsible for filtration of blood, allowing fluid and solutes to pass into the Bowman's capsule, while larger structures such as proteins and blood cells are retained.
On the other hand, the renal tubule, which extends from the Bowman's capsule, is where most of the reabsorption and secretion processes take place. This tubule includes the proximal tubule, loop of Henle, distal tubule, and collecting duct, each with specific functions in maintaining body homeostasis through selective reabsorption and secretion.
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You read that the frequency of a particular disease-associated recessive allele in a population is 12%. What does that mean
Answer:
The correct answer is - It means that 12% of the population is a carrier for the disease.
Explanation:
The frequency of an allele is a measure to find the relative occurrence or frequency of the particular allele on a locus in the next generation. It is measured and denoted generally in percentage or proportion.
The particular disease-related recessive allele in a particular means that the particular number of individuals or a particular percentage of the population is a carrier for the particular disease.
Thus, the correct answer is - It means that 12% of the population is a carrier for the disease.
Consider a cell in which one of the proteins involved in DNA replication is altered. This alteration results in an increased occurrence of single-stranded DNA breaks in the newly synthesized DNA. Which protein function is most likely nonfunctional in this situation?
A. The unwinding function of helicase
B. The fragment joining function of DNA ligase
C. The winding stress relief function of topoisomerase
D. The proofreading function of DNA polymerase
E. The strand separation function of single-stranded binding protein
Final answer:
The protein function that is most likely nonfunctional in this situation is the winding stress relief function of topoisomerase.
Explanation:
The protein function that is most likely nonfunctional in this situation is the winding stress relief function of topoisomerase.
Topoisomerase enzymes are responsible for breaking and reforming the DNA's phosphate backbone, which helps to relieve the supercoiling and winding stress during DNA replication. If the topoisomerase protein is altered, it would result in an increased occurrence of single-stranded DNA breaks in the newly synthesized DNA.
Therefore, option C, the winding stress relief function of topoisomerase, is the most likely nonfunctional protein in this situation.
A _____ consists of all the individuals of a given species that live and reproduce in a particular place
Answer:
Population
Explanation:
Population is a group of individuals that live in the same geographical area which have the ability to interbreed because they belong to the same species. So organisms of the same species when live in a particular area are considered in population but members of the same species that are geographically isolated and can not interbreed do not make a population.
Many population comes together to form community and many communities together forms an ecosystem. An ecosystem is a functional unit which is made up of many communities with interacts with its physical environment. So the correct answer is population.
Answer:
species
range
population
family
Explanation: either one will be correct
What role do bacteria play in an aquaponics system?
They transform fish waste into plant food.
They enrich the water to help fish grow.
They break down dead plant matter.
They warn that the fish are sick.
They transform fish waste into plant food.
They break down dead plant matter
The most important bacteria in aquaponics are the nitrifiers that turn ammonia excreted by fish into nitrites and nitrates that can be taken up by the plants (hydroponic)
Explanation:
Aquaponics is system of farming that combines hydroponics and aquaculture with the two systems being interdependent due to nutrient cycling. Occasionally, some dead matter such as excrement falls from the fishes and plants and into the system. The bacteria break this organic matter to release the nutrients (nitrites and nitrates) hence making them available for uptake by plants. This cleans the water and makes it available again for the fishes.
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Answer:
They transform fish waste into plant food.
Explanation:
For those who needed only one answer, just took the review quiz for it so it's right.
Which line best represents the level of oxygen gas in the atmosphere during the Proterozoic?
A. a
b. b
c. c
d. d
Explanation:
C- this line shows a gradual increase
Just before the Cambrian explosion, the atmosphere became oxygenated, leading to an explosion of new life in the form of primative blue green algae called cyanobacteria and oxygen dependent organisms in the Proteozoic Eon (2500-541 million years ago). Later, multicellular organisms followed, along with higher levels organization and complex life. Oxygen levels rose from low levels, steadily over this period of time.
Further Explanation:
The rise in O2 gas within the aquatic habitat and atmosphere is attributed to photosynthesis in cyanobacteria which allowed respiring eukaryotes to thrive.
Photosynthesizing cells in blue green algae contain chlorophyll, a specialized compound which facilitates the conversion of light energy to energy stored in carbohydrates in the process photosynthesis. This is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent.
With the evolution of oxygen dependent organisms like Ediacara biota, came respiration in the mitochondria. Eukaryotes utilize glucose along with oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’s cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis). Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain and the energy they release is used in pumping H+ to produce ATP from ATP synthase. At the end of the ETC molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water.
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Refer to the paragraph on dark-eyed junco birds. The UCSD campus male junco population tails are about 36% white, whereas the tails of males from nearby mountain populations are about 4045% white. The founding stock of UCSD birds was likely from the nearby mountain populations because some of those birds overwinter on the UCSD campus each year. Population sizes on the UCSD campus have been reasonably large, and there are significant habitat differences between the UCSD campus and the mountain coniferous forests; UCSD campus has a more open environment (making birds more visible) and a lower junco density (decreasing intraspecific competition) than that in the mountain forests. Given this information, which of the following evolutionary mechanisms do you think is most likely responsible for the difference between the UCSD and mountain populations?
a. gene flow
b. genetic drift
c. natural selection
d. mutation
Natural selection is the evolutionary mechanism driving the differences between UCSD and mountain populations of dark-eyed junco birds.
Explanation:Natural selection is the evolutionary mechanism most likely responsible for the difference between the UCSD and mountain populations of dark-eyed junco birds. In the UCSD campus, where birds are more visible and experience lower intraspecific competition, individuals with white tails are favored. On the other hand, in the mountain populations with different habitat characteristics, the frequency of white tails varies, indicating adaptation to their specific environment.
A cell has a mutation that prevents it from breaking down unwanted proteins present in vesicles. Which cellular structure is most likely to be disrupted by this mutation?
Answer:
The correct answer will be- lysosomes
Explanation:
The proteins are formed in the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell which after secretion are destined to their usable sites. The unwanted proteins not used in the cells or the used proteins have to be destructed or degraded in the cell, function performed by an organelle called lysosomes.
The lysosomes is a double membrane organelle which contains acid hydrolases enzymes which have the ability to breakdown the macro-molecules.
According to the question, if mutation takes place in the organelle which breakdown the unwanted proteins, therefore, the organelle in the lysosomes and is the correct answer.
Sometimes, pregnant women are very emotional. This is believed to be caused by extra estrogen and progesterone that are released during pregnancy and would be considered an effect on behavior.
Activational effect is the correct answer.
Activational effect is an impermanent hormonal effect that leads to a change in physiological activity or behavior in both humans and adult animals. For instance, when testosterone levels rise in male songbirds they become more aggressive and tend to engage in courtship behavior. Also, a pregnant woman may get more emotional than usual due to an extra level of progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy.
Answer:
Activational effect is the correct answer.
Active transport requires the input of energy into a system so as to move solutes against their electrochemical and concentration gradients. WHich of the following is not one of the common ways to perform active transport?
A. NA+-Coupled
B. APT-driven
C. K+-coupled
D. light-driven
Answer:
K+-coupled.
Explanation:
The transport of the solutes may occur along the concentration gradient or against the concentration gradient. Two main types of transport that occur in living organism are active process and passive process.
The passive transport do not require the energy for its transport whereas the active transport require energy. The K+ coupled transport do not require any energy molecule for its transport and easily transfer by the leaky channel. Hence, the K+-coupled transport is not the common active transport.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
According to conflict theory, the health care industry includes many groups, including doctors, lawyers, hospitals, insurance ecompanies, banks, and real estate, among others. The industry can maintain the status quo because of the______.a.paramedical complex.b. medical-industrial complex.c. neo-business complex.d. social-industrial complex.e. post-medical complex.
Answer: Option B.
The health system can maintain its status quo by medical -industrial complex.
Explanation:
Conflict theory is a theory that is suggested by Karl max which states that society is in a state of conflict due to competition for limited resources. It stressed that social order can be maintained by power and dominance and not by conformity or consensus. The healthy care industry can maintain it status quo by medical- industrial complex. Medical-industrial complex involves links of corporations that supplies products and services to health care system primarily to make profit. Insurance companies, banks, real estates and lawyers provide services to health care system to make profits. Manufacturers of medical devices supplies products to hospitals to make profit.
According to conflict theory, the health care industry can maintain the status quo because of the medical-industrial complex (Option b).
The medical-industrial complex refers to the corporations that supply healthcare services for profit.The conflict theory states that all different matters concerning industries (including the healthcare industry) are rooted in capitalist society.The three main presumptions of this theory include:
Individuals are inherently self-interested.Societies always operate under a scarcity of resources.Conflict is unavoidable both within and between social groups.In conclusion, according to conflict theory, the health care industry can maintain the status quo because of the medical-industrial complex (Option b).
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Suppose two individuals with the genotype AaBbCc are mated. Assuming that the genes are not linked, what fraction of the offsprings is expected to be homozygous recessive for the three traits?
A) 1/4
B) 1/8
C) 1/16
D) 1/64
Answer:
D. 1/64
Explanation:
The desired genotype for the progeny = aabbcc (homozygous recessive for all the three loci). The probability of getting a progeny with a homozygous recessive genotype can be calculated during the product rule.
The parent genotypes= AaBbCc x AaBbCc
Aa x Aa = 1/4 AA: 1/2 Aa: 1/4 aa
Bb x Bb = 1/4 BB: 1/2 Bb: 1/4 bb
Cc x Cc = 1/4 CC: 1/2 Cc: 1/4 cc
Therefore, the probability of getting a progeny which is homozygous recessive for all the three traits (aabbcc)= 1/4 aa x 1/4 bb x 1/4 cc = 1/64
Which of the following is/are incorrect? 1. Pseudounipolar neurons have one process that emerges from the cell body. 2. Bipolar neurons have one main dendrite and one axon and may be found in the retina. 3. Multipolar neurons have several dendrites and one axon and are the most common neuron found in the brain and spinal cord. 4. Afferent neurons carry information to effectors. 5. Motor neurons carry information about muscles to the spinal cord. 6. Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons.
Answer:
Option (4) and (5).
Explanation:
Neurons is the structural and the functional unit of the nervous system. Two main types of neuron on the basis of their function are sensory neuron and motor neuron.
Sensory neuron also known as afferent neuron that helps in the transmission of impulse from the sensory receptor to the brain and spinal cord. Motor neurons helps in the transmission of nerve impulse from the central nervous system to the effector organ.
Thus, the correct answer is option (4) and (5).
Pseudounipolar neurons have one process that emerges from the cell body, is the incorrect statement.
Explanation:Out of the given options, the incorrect statement is:
Pseudounipolar neurons have one process that emerges from the cell body.Pseudounipolar neurons actually have a single process that divides into two branches, one acting as a dendrite and the other as an axon. The other statements are correct:
Bipolar neurons have one main dendrite and one axon and may be found in the retina.Multipolar neurons have several dendrites and one axon and are the most common neuron found in the brain and spinal cord.Afferent neurons carry information to effectors.Motor neurons carry information about muscles to the spinal cord.Interneurons connect sensory and motor neurons.Learn more about neurons here:https://brainly.com/question/13079309
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Levels of biodiversity
Biodiversity can be studied at three levels: genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity.
Drag the words or phrases on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. Words or phrases can be used once, more than once, or not at all.
1. increases
2. increases
3. decreases
4. decreases
5. increases
Final answer:
Biodiversity can be categorized into genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity, and is higher at lower latitudes, such as the tropics. Biodiversity's fluctuating nature is indicated by the ongoing discovery of new species. High biodiversity contributes to the resilience of ecosystems, and is essential for human welfare and survival.
Explanation:
Levels of Biodiversity
Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth and is considered at multiple levels of organization, including genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. Genetic diversity refers to the variation in the genes among individuals of the same species. Species diversity takes into account the number of different species within a community or a particular area. Ecosystem diversity looks at the variety of ecosystems in a biosphere, taking into consideration the variety of species and the complex interactions among them and with their abiotic environment.
It has been observed that biodiversity generally increases as one moves towards the tropics, meaning closer to the equator. This pattern is evident across most taxa. Current estimates suggest that the number of described species is around 1.5 million, and scientists continue to discover new species each year, indicating that biodiversity is a dynamic feature of our planet.
A high level of biodiversity is important for ecosystem resilience, which in turn is crucial for the survival and welfare of human populations. It impacts health, food security, and the overall functionality of ecosystems, which provide essential services to life on Earth.
Where are new volcanoes forming in the Hawaiian Island chain? Be specific and use directional terms N, S, E, W, etc.
Answer:
If the hot-spot theory is correct, the next volcano in the Hawaiian chain should form east or south of the Island of Hawai'i. Abundant evidence indicates that such a new volcano exists at Lö'ihi, a seamount (or submarine peak) located about 20 miles off the south coast.
What type of experiment involves mating two individuals with different characteristics to each other? One individual provides females gametes, while the other produces male gametes.
Answer:
Hybridization experiment
Explanation:
Hybridization is a process of mating individuals of different species or individuals of the same species that are genetically dissimilar.
When the mating involves two individuals of different species, such hybridization is said to be inter-specific.
When the mating involves individuals of the same but genetically dissimilar species, such hybridization is said to be intra-specific.
The mating between individuals of different species of varieties results in hybrid offspring that may posses hybrid vigor but sometimes partially fertile or sterile.
A Mendelian Cross is the type of experiment that involves mating two individuals, each providing different characteristics. This process, part of sexual reproduction, combines the male and female gametes to produce genetically diverse offspring.
Explanation:The type of experiment involving mating two individuals with different characteristics is known as a Mendelian Cross. In this type of experiment, conducted by Gregor Mendel, two true-breeding organisms with different traits are mated. In plants, this involves manually transferring pollen from the anther of a mature plant of one variety to the stigma of a separate mature plant of the other variety, effectively mating the two. This allows the male gamete (the sperm in the pollen) to reach the female gamete (the ova) for fertilization to occur.
During sexual reproduction, the genetic material of the two individuals is combined to produce genetically diverse offspring. These offspring differ genetically from their parents, providing the species with a stronger chance of survival in unpredictable or changing environments. This type of breeding involves both male and female gametes to create this variation.
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