Answer:
It doesn't matter at all.
Explanation:
Thymine dimers are corrected by DNA photolyases. The chromophore of these enzymes absorbs the energy of light to fix the dimers. However, the placental mammals such as human do not have the DNA photolyases to correct the dimers formed by exposure to UV radiations.
Hence, keeping the UV exposed cells in light or dark would not have any effect on the number of thymine dimers produced by UV exposure of a human cell.
Dr. Jones is a brain researcher who studies the relationship between personality and brain development. He is asked to evaluate the brain of an individual who scored high on conscientiousness. Compared with the brains of those who score low on this trait, Dr. Jones would expect the individual's _____ lobe to be larger.
Answer:
frontal
Explanation:
In the frontal lobe, located at the front of the brain (forehead), happens the planning of actions and movement, as well as abstract thinking. It includes the motor cortex and the prefrontal cortex.
The motor cortex controls and coordinates voluntary motricity, while the motor cortex of the right hemisphere controls the left side of the individual's body, while that of the left hemisphere controls the right side. Trauma to this area can cause muscle weakness or paralysis. Motor learning and precision movements are performed by the premotor cortex, which becomes more active than the rest of the brain when imagining a movement without performing it. Injuries in this area do not compromise to the point of paralysis or problems in planning or acting, however the speed of automatic movements, such as speech and gestures, is disturbed.
The frontal lobe of individuals with a high level of consciousness is generally larger than that of individuals with a low level of conscientiousness.
Conscientiousness is a dimension that can be described as the tendency to control impulses and act in a socially acceptable manner. These are characteristics that facilitate the achievement of personal goals and objectives.
Which kingdom contains organisms that are multicellular
Answer:
the kingdom animalia contains the organisms that r multicellular
How is artificial selection dependent on variation in nature
Answer:
Because of the natural selection
Explanation:
Variation in nature is all we can found out there. Through millions of years nature went with the survival of the fittests, like Darwin said.
When we talk about artificial selection, we talk about humans getting involve on that selection, but we deppend on variation in nature. We can't "create" a new species, but we do can choose the genetic traits we want to prosper and which no.
Which of the following is true regarding saturated fatty acids?
A) They are the predominant fatty acid in corn oil.
B) They have double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acids.
C) They are the principal molecules in lard and butter.
D) They are usually liquid at room temperature.
E) They are usually produced by plants.
Answer:
C) They are the principal molecules in lard and butter.
Answer:
C) They are the principal molecules in lard and butter.
Explanation:
Saturated fatty acids have only single bonds between their carbon atoms. The absence of double bonds make their breakdown more difficult hence they are more stable and can be stored for a longer time. They are also solid at room temperature.
Lard and butter are produced by hydrogenation of oils. The double bonds in oil are broken into single bonds and valency is completed using hydrogen atoms. Hence lard and butter consist of single bond saturated fatty acids
Which is the most effective nursing action for controlling the spread of infection? A. Thorough hand hygeine B. Wearing gloves and masks when providing client care. C. Implementing appropriate isolation percautions. D. Administering broad-spectrum prophylactic antibiotics
Answer: A. Thorough hand hygiene
Explanation:
The nurse is a medical practitioner, who works in clinics, hospitals and research institutes. The role of the nurse is to assist the doctors, and provide care to the patients.
Nurse can control the spread of infection by maintaining the hand hygiene. Since the hands remain in the close contact with the patients who are under care and diagnosis. They also handle the equipments used for the purpose of the operation, injections and other instruments that are used for treatment. Thus, the possibility of transfer of infection causing germs becomes prominent. Hence, the hand hygiene is required to care of.
Which of the following does not accurately describe movement within plants? A. Cohesion and adhesion contribute to capillary action, which contributes to water movement. B. Transpiration is the only force that drives water movement within a plant. C. Changes in the concentration of nutrients affect the cause of movement of fluid through phloem. D. Movement of sugars within the xylem results from changes in concentration of water.
Transpiration is the only force that drives water movement within a plant does not accurately describe movement within plants.
Answer: Transpiration is the only force that drives water movement within a plant -B.
Why is dna replication essential to the cell cycle
Answer:
Replication is an essential process because, whenever a cell divides, the two new daughter cells must contain the same genetic information, or DNA, as the parent cell.
Explanation:
Once the DNA in a cell is replicated, the cell can divide into two cells, each of which has an identical copy of the original DNA.
DNA replication is a vital process in the cell cycle because it enables cell division, ensuring that each new daughter cell receives an exact genetic copy from the parent cell. This is carefully regulated and monitored through cell cycle checkpoints to prevent DNA replication errors, which could lead to harmful mutations and diseases like cancer. Thus, DNA replication plays a critical role in maintaining cellular and genetic integrity.
Explanation:DNA replication is essential to the cell cycle because it allows the cell to divide and produce two new daughter cells, each containing an identical copy of the DNA from the parent cell. This process of DNA replication takes place during the synthesis phase, or S phase, of the cell cycle, preceding mitosis or meiosis. This is crucial for maintaining the continuity of life and ensuring that each new cell has the precise genetic information to function correctly.
Cell cycle checkpoints serve as internal control mechanisms that help prevent any missteps in DNA replication, halting cell cycle progression until favourable conditions are met. Therefore, incorrect DNA replication can lead to mutations, which may result in abnormal cells. If such cells continue to divide, they can lead to harmful effects like cancer.
In essence, DNA replication is a fundamental process that validates the accuracy of genetic information passed on from parent to daughter cells, promotes healthy cell growth and division, and maintains an organism's overall health by replacing old or damaged cells with new ones. It is intricately regulated and monitored to ensure the preservation of life at a cellular level.
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What are the effects of fertilizer input into lakes?
Answer:
fertilizers leads to algal blooms that eventually deplete lake oxygen
The effects of fertilizer input into lakes are they cause toxic algal blooms that affect aquatic life and humans.
What are fertilizers?To encourage development and productivity, fertilizer—a natural or synthetic substance—is added to the soil or plants. They provide nutrients to the plants. Examples include urea and anhydrous ammonia.
A plant can really die from too much fertilizer, and excess fertilizer can cause toxic algal blooms in lakes and streams that are dangerous to people and their pets, as well as other aquatic life.
Aquatic "dead zones" are also a result of excessive fertilizer runoff from agricultural and lawn applications in coastal areas.
Therefore, the input of fertilizer into lakes results in toxic algal blooms that are harmful to both humans and aquatic life.
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Saltatory conduction is made possible by ________.
Saltatory conduction is made possible by the presence of myelin sheaths around axons.
Saltatory conduction speeds nerve impulses along myelinated axons. Myelin sheaths, manufactured of fatty substances by central nervous system oligodendrocytes and peripheral nervous system Schwann cells, allow it.
Nodes of Ranvier separate myelin sheaths. Saltatory conduction skips the insulated regions as the nerve impulse "jumps" between nodes. Since depolarization only occurs at the nodes of Ranvier, where the axon membrane is exposed, the electrical signal propagates faster.
Myelin sheaths enable saltatory conduction to save energy and expedite signal transmission through the axon. This effective conduction helps the nervous system quickly and efficiently transmit sensory information, motor orders, and body-wide communication.
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Granite is a common type of rock found Yosemite National Park. Limestone is a common type of rock found in Kentucky. Which state would be the best choice to visit if the purpose of your trip was to collect fossils? Justify your response in two or more complete sentences.
Answer:
Kentucky
Explanation:
Limestone is a sedimentary rock which forms from the calcareous remains of dead organisms. Most limestones are made of shells and tests of organisms that have accumulated over a long period of time. These makes limestones fossilized.
Granite is an igneous rock that forms from the solidification of magma within the earth crust. Due to the high temperature of magma, extreme conditions of the interior of the earth where magma is sourced and other unfavorable geologic conditions, igneous rocks do not contain fossils. They would easily be destroyed.
Final answer:
Kentucky would be the best state to visit for collecting fossils due to its limestone, which is a sedimentary rock rich in fossils, unlike the granite in Yosemite which is an igneous rock and not known for containing fossils.
Explanation:
If the purpose of your trip is to collect fossils, Kentucky would be the best state to visit, primarily due to its abundance of limestone. Limestone is a type of sedimentary rock that is known for containing fossils. These fossils are common because limestone forms in marine environments where numerous organisms can become preserved.
In contrast, granite, which is prevalent in Yosemite National Park, is an igneous rock and is typically not associated with fossils. Igneous rocks form from cooled volcanic material and generally do not contain the layered sediments necessary for the preservation of fossils.
Which statement provides the best description of the interphase portion of the cell cycle?- Interphase is a resting stage prior to cell division.- During interphase, a cell is metabolically active.- Interphase is a brief period between mitosis and chromosome duplication.
Answer:
During interphase, a cell is metabolically active
Explanation:
Cell cycle is divided into two stages: interphase (lasts 3/4 of the cycle) and phase M (1/4 of the cycle).
Interphase is also divided into three stages:
Phase G1
Protein and RNA synthesis is done.
Phase S
DNa synthesis is done.
Phase G2
Protein synthesis continues and the cell grows to start the division.
Prokaryotic organisms have a single origin of replication, whereas eukaryotic organisms have many origins where replication occurs simultaneously. Which of the following is the most probable reason for this observation?
Prokaryotes do not replicate their DNA.
Prokaryotic DNA is single-stranded.
Prokaryotic DNA is much smaller than eukaryotic DNA.
Prokaryotic DNA is replicated more slowly than eukaryotic DNA.
Answer:
Prokaryotic DNA is much smaller than eukaryotic DNA.
Explanation:
Origin of replication is the site on DNA where DNA replication can be started. Eukaryotes have a larger DNA than that of prokaryotes. The larger DNA size of eukaryotes poses the need of multiple origin of replications. DNA replication can begin simultaneously on these multiple origin of replication sites. This allows the larger eukaryotic DNA to get replicated quickly.
Smaller DNA of prokaryotes can be replicated with single origin of replication.
When theorizing about human physiology, descartes relied heavily on the hydraulic model he observed in moving statues. in descartes' view of humans, _____ flowing in nerves is (are) analogous to water flowing in the pipes of the statues?
Answer:
Animal spirit
Explanation:
According to the French philosopher Rene Descartes, reflexes are caused by some fluid flowing in nerves of animals and human. The fluid flows in the same way as water flows in the pipes Accordingly, nerves as hollow and the fluid "animal spirit" flows through the nerves. The flow of animal spirit through nerves makes the animals and human to bring about the reflex actions in response to stimuli.
In René Descartes' hydraulic analogy of human physiology, the 'fluid' flowing in the nerves is analogous to water flowing in the pipes of statues. This 'fluid' could be interpreted as the electrical signals transmitted within our nerves, contributing to various bodily functions, an understanding that underscores the principles of fluid dynamics.
Explanation:When theorizing about human physiology, René Descartes, a prominent figure in the realm of philosophy and science, relied heavily on a hydraulic model he observed in moving statues. In understanding the workings of the human body, Descartes drew an analogy between the fluidic mechanism of these statues and human physiology. So, in terms of this hydraulic analogy, the 'fluid' flowing in nerves in Descartes' view is analogous to water flowing in the pipes of the statues. Descartes introduced a model where the mind and body were separate, two different substances, a theory known as substance dualism.
Applying this understanding to the human body, the 'fluid' can be interpreted as the electrical impulses or signals transmitted throughout our nervous system. Just as water in the pipes of a statue enables movement, the electric signals in our nerves constitute the information exchange mechanism leading to various bodily functions. This analogy aligns with the principles of fluid dynamics in biological and medical applications, emphasizing a fluid's role in transmitting pressure changes within a system, similar to Pascal's Principle.
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Which statement is FALSE about ATP? (A) Its concentration is maintained in part by adenylate kinase.(B) The concentration of ATP in cells is generally much lower than that of AMP.(C) The intracellular concentration of ATP varies among cell types.(D) Its concentration in a particular cell usually fluctuates very little.
Answer:
(B) The concentration of ATP in cells is generally much lower than that of AMP.
Explanation:
AMP is 5’-adenylic acid or adenosine monophosphate. It has only one phosphate group attached to the sugar as compared to three phosphate groups of ATP. In general, cells have a much lower concentration of AMP than ATP. ATP is found in much higher concentration in cells than the AMP since ATP serves as energy currency for the cells while AMP is involved in relatively few metabolic pathways.
The human body contains about 100 billion of what?
Enzymes are usually proteins. Based on what you know about how proteins are made, how would a cell make more of a particular enzyme in order to increase the concentration of that particular enzyme?
Cell signalling pathways are used to maintain homeostasis. Enzymes are normally present in adequate concentrations but whenever the need for a particular enzyme or protein arises, cell signalling is used.
Signal is sent to that particular cell, the process of genetic expression is activated. A gene that codes for that particular protein(enzyme of interest) goes through transcription, where that genes DNA is copied to make a messenger RNAmolecule, which is further expressed by a process called Protein expression. Lastly, transported to that particular area where it is needed.
A cell synthesizes more of a particular enzyme by initiating protein synthesis, which involves the transcription of the DNA sequence into mRNA and translation of the mRNA sequence assembling the specific amino acids into a protein chain. Once the protein is formed, the chain undergoes folding to become the particular enzyme. The cell regulates the synthesis of enzymes as needed.
Explanation:A cell increases the concentration of a particular enzyme by creating more of the protein that functions as that enzyme. As enzymes are proteins, composed largely of chains of amino acids, the cell needs to initiate protein synthesis to produce more of a given enzyme. Protein synthesis is a process that involves transcription (where the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA) and translation (where the mRNA sequence is used to assemble amino acids into a protein chain). Each enzyme is specific to the substrate it acts on and catalyzes a specific biochemical reaction.
The process begins in the cell's nucleus, where a section of DNA carrying the gene for the enzyme is copied in a process called transcription. Ribosomes, which are found on the Endoplasmic Reticulum, then use this mRNA template to assemble a chain of amino acids in the correct sequence; this process is called translation. After the protein is synthesized, it undergoes folding into a specific three-dimensional structure, which determines its enzymatic activity. The number of enzyme molecules a cell synthesizes can be regulated as required by the cell, thereby increasing or decreasing the concentration of a particular enzyme.
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What is the function of the structure identified by the red arrow?
A. Genetic Information
B. Mobility
C. Food capture
D. Protection
Answer:
A but i am not sure.....
How does the egg of a flower become fertilized?
as soon as the pollen reaches the stigma
after the pollen grain descends down the style
when the pollen tube grows into the ovule
when the seed germinates
Answer:
When the pollen tube grows into the ovule
Explanation:
Simmilar to animals, fertilization occurs when the egg (ovule) and the sperm join together to produce a new individual. In flowers, when the pollen tube grows into the ovlue is when pollen and ovule join together and fertilization occurs. A new seed is the produced, ready to produce a new individual.
What significance does the temperate zone have on commercial fishing?
A.
The zone’s clear water makes it easier to catch fish.
B.
The zone mostly consists of large fish that are more commercially viable.
C.
The zone has a greater abundance of commercial species.
D.
The zone has very few mammalian species that compete for the fish.
Answer:
D.
The zone has very few mammalian species that compete for the fish.
Explanation:
The zone has very few mammalian species that compete for the fish is the significance that the temperate zone have on commercial fishing.
Answer:
It is most definitely C
Explanation:
For gas exchange to be efficient, the respiratory membrane must be ________.
A. 0.5 to 1 micrometer thick
B. between 5 and 6 micrometers thick
C. at least 3 micrometers thick
D. The thickness of the respiratory membrane is not important in the efficiency of gas exchange.
Answer:
A- 0.5 to 1 micrometer thick
Explanation:
During gaseous exchange, the oxygen moves through the respiratory membrane into the blood and the carbon dioxide travels through the respiratory membrane out of the blood. The thickness of the respiratory membrane should be about 0.6 micrometers. A thicker membrane would result in slower and decreased gaseous exchange.
Which of the following is a factor that, by itself, does not promote widespread changes in allele or genotype frequencies? a. New mutation d. Migration b. Natural selection e. Nonrandom mating c. Genetic drift
Answer:
A new mutation
Explanation:
A mutation refers to the random changes in the DNA of organisms. A mutation changes the allele and genotype frequencies by the introduction of a new allele in the gene pool.
However, mutations are not the major factor responsible for changes in the gene pool of a population as mutations are rare. The rate of mutations is very slow and does not allow it to serve as a major factor to change the allele and genotype frequencies.
Random mating does not, by itself, promote widespread changes in allele or genotype frequencies within a population. Instead, mutation and gene flow are the processes that can introduce new genetic variation into a population.
The question you've asked about the factors that do not promote widespread changes in allele or genotype frequencies refers to the concept of genetic equilibrium in population genetics. Given the options provided, random mating (option c) is the factor that, by itself, does not necessarily cause changes in allele frequencies within a population. On the contrary, it is assumed for a population in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, a state where allele and genotype frequencies remain constant from generation to generation assuming no other evolutionary forces are acting upon the population. Looking at the evolutionary forces that can introduce new genetic variation into a population, the correct answers are mutation and gene flow (option b), as these processes can directly increase the genetic diversity within a population. Mutation introduces new alleles by changes in the DNA sequence, and gene flow occurs when individuals move between populations, bringing new alleles into the gene pool.
DNA polymerases are processive, which means that they remain tightly associated with the template strand while moving rapidly and adding nucleotides to the growing daughter strand. Which piece of the replication machinery accounts for this characteristic?
A) Helicase
B) Sliding clamp
C) Single-strand binding protien
D) Primase
Answer:
B) Sliding clamp
Explanation:
Sliding clamp holds the DNA polymerase and does not allow the enzyme to dissociate from the template strand. For example, beta subunit of E coli DNA polymerase III increases its processivity.
Two donut-shaped structures are formed by four beta subunits. These structures encircle the DNA and serve as a clamp while sliding along the DNA to prevent dissociation of DNA polymerase as the replication proceeds.
Which of the following does not describe a function of aggressive animal behavior?
A. Aggressive behavior is displayed to establish territorial boundaries.
B. Aggressive behavior leads to fights that allow strong animals kill off weaker members of the species.
C. Aggressive behavior is displayed to establish hierarchy without violence.
D. Aggressive behavior is displayed to determine who is allowed to mate.
"The correct option is C. Aggressive behavior is displayed to establish hierarchy without violence. The statement that does not describe a function of aggressive animal behavior is aggressive behavior is displayed to establish hierarchy without violence.
Aggressive animal behavior serves several functions within a species, including establishing territorial boundaries (Option A), allowing stronger animals to potentially kill off weaker members of the species through fights (Option B), and determining which individuals are allowed to mate (Option D). These behaviors are typically associated with the survival and reproduction of the species.
However, Option C, Aggressive behavior is displayed to establish hierarchy without violence, is not a typical function of aggressive behavior. Aggressive behavior, by definition, involves actions that are intended to cause harm or intimidate. When animals establish hierarchy within a group, they may engage in displays or posturing that appear aggressive, but these behaviors are often ritualized and do not necessarily lead to violence. The purpose of these displays is to avoid the costs associated with actual fighting, such as injury or death. Therefore, establishing hierarchy without violence is more accurately described as a way to prevent unnecessary aggression rather than a function of aggressive behavior itself."
Which of the following is NOT a normal function of muscle tissue?
stabilizing joints
protecting organs
generating heat
producing movement
maintaining posture
Answer:
producing heat is not a function of muscle tissue.
Explanation:
when we walk or run for a long time our muscles don't heat up.
Hope it's helpful....
Creating heat is not a normal function of muscle tissue.
What is muscle tissue?Muscle cells have the unique ability to shorten or contract to cause movement of the bodily components. The tissue is densely packed with cells and contains a large number of blood channels.They help you move and bear the weight of your body together. You have control over these muscles. Certain muscle fibbers contract quickly and expend brief bursts of energy (fast-twitch muscles). Back muscles that support good posture are among those that move slowly.Muscle tissues play important roles in the movement of bodily organs, blood circulation throughout the body, joint stabilization, and heat production through contractions. However, the primary function of muscle tissues is not to store fat.To learn more about Muscle tissue refer to:
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What is the fate of pyruvic acid in an organism that uses aerobic respiration?
In organisms that use aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl CoA and enters the citric acid cycle to produce energy-rich molecules.
Explanation:During aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is further oxidized in the mitochondria. It enters the mitochondria where it is converted into acetyl CoA through a process called pyruvate decarboxylation. Acetyl CoA then enters the citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle, where it is completely broken down to produce energy-rich molecules such as ATP and NADH.
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In an organism that uses aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid is transported into the mitochondria, where it undergoes the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) to generate ATP and carbon dioxide.
Aerobic respiration is the process by which cells produce energy in the presence of oxygen. One of the key initial steps in this process is the conversion of glucose into pyruvic acid during glycolysis in the cytoplasm. After glycolysis, pyruvic acid has several possible fates, but in the presence of oxygen, it enters the mitochondria for further processing.
Once in the mitochondria, pyruvic acid is converted into a molecule called acetyl-CoA, which enters the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle). In the citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA is further metabolized to produce carbon dioxide, water, and high-energy molecules such as NADH and FADH2. These high-energy molecules are used in the electron transport chain to generate a significant amount of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the cell's primary energy currency.
In summary, in aerobic respiration, pyruvic acid serves as the entry point to the citric acid cycle, where it is further metabolized to produce ATP and carbon dioxide, ultimately providing the cell with the energy it needs for various biological processes.
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Most of the normal microbiota of the digestive system are found in the
Answer: Large intestine.
Explanation:
There are some common misconception that all the bacteria can cause disease. They play an important role in the digestion of food.
The large intestines is the home for many different types of bacteria which helps in the absorption, excretion and catalysis of undigested food.
There are many types of prokaryotic and eukaryotic bacteria found in large intestine such as Methanogens, Bifidobacterium,Enterococcus, Clostridium et cetera.
Tina suffers from anorexia nervosa. She is depressed and lacks self-confidence. Though she is extremely thin, she continues to lose weight at a rapid rate. Based on this information, the most important FIRST step in treating Tina will be to:
Answer:
Stabilize her weight.
Explanation:
Anorexia nervosa may be defined as the medical condition in which individual loses his weight with the growing age. This is a type of eating disorder, that can distort the body image of an individual.
Tina is extremely thin and continuously loosing her weight. The first treatment that can be given to Tina is the stabilization of her weight. The healthy food with proper balanced diet and proper medication is helpful for Tina to stabilize her weight.
Which of the following is formed when a group of tissues works together to perform a common function?
A. Brain
B. Organ system
C. Body
D. Organ
Answer:
D: Organ
Since it consist of multiple tissue that perform a function by working together
What is the average airspeed velocity of an unladen swallow
Answer:
10 meters/second.
Explanation:
Unladen swallow consists of two species are Hirundo domicella and the Hirundo spilodera.
The average speed of unladen swallow comes out to be 10 meters/second. The maximum speed can go upto 13-14 meters/second. The speed of unladen swallow can be calculated by the formula given by Graham K. Taylor. According to graham the speed of unladen swallow is 3 times of the product of frequency and amplitude. ( v= 3fA, v is velocity, f is frequency and A is amplitude).
If the Earth did not have velocity horizontal to the pull of the Sun’s gravity, what would happen and why?
Final answer:
Without its horizontal velocity, Earth would not be able to maintain its orbit around the Sun due to the lack of counteracting centripetal force and would start moving towards the Sun because of gravitational attraction.
Explanation:
If the Earth did not have velocity horizontal to the pull of the Sun’s gravity, the Earth would begin to move directly towards the Sun due to gravitational attraction. This is because the current horizontal velocity that the Earth possesses is what keeps it in a stable orbit around the Sun, acting as the centripetal force necessary for circular motion. Without this sideways velocity, there would be no force to counteract the pull of gravity, and the Earth would spiral into the Sun.
The current horizontal velocity is essential in creating the balance required for orbital motion. This velocity ensures that as the Earth falls towards the Sun due to gravity, it also moves forward, thus continuously 'missing' the Sun and remaining in orbit. If the Earth were to lose this velocity, the balance would be disrupted, and the Earth would not be able to stay in its current orbital path.