adaptive immunity is based upon ________.
Adaptive immune system is based on immunological memory.
Explanation:This system is a specialized sub system of immune system that can eliminate pathogens and prevent their growth in the body.
After its first encounter with the pathogen, it creates an immunological memory that can last up to lifetime and it is highly specific. The memory of the first encounter leads to enhanced response in future with the particular pathogen.
For example, a person who gets affected from measles gets a lifetime protection from the pathogen.
What are some possible things that you as a disease outbreak expert can do to help?
An elderly woman in a nursing home no longer goes outside to enjoy the sunshine and fresh air, has reduced her meat intake because her dentures don't fit well, and has recently been having difficulty concentrating on conversations with others. this may be leading to a deficiency of which vitamins? vitamin d and vitamin b12 vitamin a and folate vitamin c and thiamin vitamin k and riboflavin
Answer: Vitamin D and vitamin B12
Explanation:
Vitamin D is very important for the body as it helps in the calcium absorption by the body. The body should be in regular exposure with sun.
Vitamin B12 is mostly found in meats and non vegetarian foods. Not taking meat because of any reason will affect the brain and body.
Due to the deficiency of vitamin B12 and Vitamin D, elderly women is having difficulty in concentrating on conversations.
which tissue
is affected by polio?
The oxygen content in the atmosphere of the early Earth is thought to have increased significantly once which of these developed?
f Photosynthetic bacteria
g Amino acids
h Mitochondria
j Archaebacteria
What determines which base is to be added to an rna strand during transcription?
The base pairing between a DNA strand and RNA nucleotide determines base added to an RNA strand
During Transcription an RNA copy is made from a gene sequence which called an mRNA molecule. and it leaves the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the cell.
The Base to be added to an RNA strand is basically determined by the base pairing between a DNA strand and RNA nucleotide.
Hence we can conclude that what determines the base added to an RNA strand is The base pairing between a DNA strand and RNA nucleotide.
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Which of the following is a source of genetic variation in a population?
a Differences due to a car accident.
b Differences due to a hairstyle choice.
c Differences due to inherited genes.
Answer: c Differences due to inherited genes.
Gene flow or gene migration is an important source of genetic variation. It is a movement or transfer of genes from one population to another. It can take place between two populations of the same species through migration and is brought by reproduction and vertical gene transfer from parent to offspring.
The layer of the uterus that is shed during menstruation is the
The layer of the uterus that is shed during menstruation is the endometrium.
The menstrual cycle causes hormonal changes in the endometrium, the uterus' innermost lining. If pregnancy fails, the endometrium sheds during menstruation, causing bleeding.
Menstruating women shed their endometrial lining every 28 days. After menstruation, the endometrium thickens again to prepare for egg implantation. Fertilisation and implantation implant the embryo in the endometrium.
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Which describes herbaceous stems
soft is the answer for sure
What causes the frequent migration of animals in africa?
Answer:CHANGES TO NATURAL RESOURCES
Explanation:
APEXX
How gas exchange occurs when circulartory and respiratory system work together?
"which aspect of language is most frequently impaired after traumatic brain injury"
What is luca cavalli-sforza's hypothesis for why skin color change came late?
Luca Cavalli-Sforza is a geneticist who hypothesized that the skin-color change came late because previous people had complete vitamin D access to the foods that they are eating. But the moment they started farming, the main vitamin sources are reduced, making a larger gain of having light skin.
Luca Cavalli-Sforza's hypothesis suggests that the change in skin color came later in European populations due to adaptation to reduced ultraviolet radiation exposure.
Explanation:Luca Cavalli-Sforza's hypothesis for why skin color change came late is related to adaptation to changing levels of ultraviolet radiation. As humans migrated from Africa to areas with less exposure to UV radiation, their skin pigmentation became lighter in order to compensate for the reduced absorption of Vitamin D, which is necessary for bone health and immune function. Cavalli-Sforza's hypothesis suggests that this adaptation occurred later in European populations compared to those in other regions.
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What is not a function of the skeletal system?
a) providing movement
b) protecting organs
c) storing minerals
d) making vitamins
Answer:
Making Vitamins
Explanation:
The skeletal system performs crucial functions such as providing movement, protecting organs, and storing minerals. However, it does not synthesize or generate vitamins. Other body parts such as the skin and gut bacteria are responsible for vitamin synthesis.
Explanation:The skeletal system in our body performs several crucial functions, including providing structural support that enables movement, protecting our vital organs, and serving as a storage system for essential minerals like calcium and phosphorus. However, one task it does not carry out is the synthesis or making of vitamins. This is a function usually associated with other parts of the body, such as the skin (for Vitamin D synthesis) or the bacteria in our gut (for certain B vitamins and Vitamin K).
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What type of immune response is shown in Figure 35–2?
nonspecific response
humoral response
cell-mediated response
inflammatory response
Answer: Cell mediated response
Explanation: Since its the virus infecting the cell, the immune cells involved would be those which can enter the cell to kill the pathogen. Only cytotoxic T-cells cells can enter the affected cells and kill the pathogen. In humoral response, B cells are involved but these are not present in the image.
what tissue is responsible for holding together the intestines
What are the small sacs at the end of bronchioles where gas exchange occurs called?
If atp accumulates in a cell select one:
a. the cell receives a signal that there is a need for more energy.
b. feedback inhibition speeds up cellular respiration.
c. feedback inhibition slows down cellular respiration.
d. the rate of cellular respiration does not change.
The correct answer is option c: feedback inhibition slows down cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration is a critical metabolic process that generates ATP, the energy currency of the cell. When ATP accumulates, it indicates that the cell currently has sufficient energy. As a result, feedback inhibition mechanisms will act to prevent the unnecessary production of more ATP, and therefore slow down cellular respiration. This process ensures efficient energy management within the cell, preventing wasteful energy production and ensuring that resources are not depleted. It’s essentially a self-regulating mechanism that cells employ to maintain energy balance and support various cellular functions such as anabolism and catabolism of macromolecules.
You are a biologist on a trip to an island in the south pacific. while on the island, you are allowed to collect dna samples from a local species of rat that resembles a species seen on a nearby continent. if your dna analysis also indicates the two species are closely related, you might conclude that the evolution of the two separate species was an example of _____ speciation through _____.
Transplanting genetic material into bacteria is a simple task true or false
Transplanting genetic material into bacteria is not a simple task; it is a complex process involving genetic transformation, genetic transfer, and bacterial conjugation. While competent bacteria can take up new DNA, creating transgenic organisms or introducing synthetic genomes into bacteria is more challenging and less straightforward.
Is Transplanting Genetic Material into Bacteria a Simple Task?
Transplanting genetic material into bacteria can be a complex process, as it involves several steps that need to be carried out with precision. Genetic transformation, genetic transfer, and bacterial conjugation are means by which bacteria can receive new genetic information. The introduction of recombinant DNA into a bacterium is facilitated through different mechanisms, such as natural competency, transformation, transduction, and conjugation using structures like the F pilus or sex pilus. As mentioned in LibreTexts, competent bacteria are able to take up DNA from their environment, and other methods may involve using plasmids or direct injection. Genetic engineering often takes advantage of these processes to introduce new genes into bacteria for the production of proteins or to create transgenic crops.
However, in the context of synthetic biology, the (booting) of a completely synthetic genome into a bacterial host presents a greater challenge and is currently a more complex and expensive process. Thus, the statement that transplanting genetic material into bacteria is a simple task is generally considered false.
In a recent experiment, anti-bacterial hand sanitizer was compared to hand soap. Students washed their hands using the sanitizer or soap and warm water for two minutes; then they dried their hands with a paper towel. The standard of comparison was rubbing hands vigorously for 2 minutes in warm water, without any soap or sanitizer, and then drying with a paper towel. The sanitizer advertisement claimed to kill bacteria more effectively than any soap. After washing, hands were swabbed and then the swab applied to a culture plate and incubated. Finally, the bacterial cultures were counted and recorded in the data table. Students concluded that the hand sanitizer was most effective in killing bacteria.
How would you respond to the students' conclusion?
A) The conclusion is valid; the sanitizer plates had higher numbers.
B) The conclusion is not valid; there were fewer bacteria cultures on the soap plates.
C) The conclusion is not valid because the warm water was as effective as the sanitizer.
D) The conclusion is valid because the sanitizer had a better kill rate than the soaps.
The conclusion about the effectiveness of hand sanitizer should be based on the actual data from the culture plates. Overusing antimicrobial soap may lead to increased infection risk due to bacterial resistance. Hand washing is critical for preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
The students concluded that hand sanitizer was most effective in killing bacteria compared to hand soap and warm water alone. However, to validate the effectiveness of hand sanitizer, we would need to examine the actual results from the culture plates. If the sanitizer plates had a higher number of bacteria than the water alone, then the conclusion that sanitizer is more effective is not valid. On the other hand, if the sanitizer plates had fewer bacteria than the ones from the soap, then option D would be correct. According to research, though, there's no substantial evidence that triclosan-containing soaps are more effective at reducing disease transmission compared to traditional soap. Therefore, the conclusion may not be valid if we consider the broader implications of such antibacterial products on health.
Moreover, the overuse of antimicrobial soap and sanitizers can potentially increase the risk of infection. This is because it can lead to bacteria developing resistance to antimicrobial agents, thereby making infections harder to treat. It's essential to also consider that frequent hand washing is crucial for preventing the spread of pathogens, and while antibacterial agents have their place, they should be used judiciously.
According to the joint recommendations of an expert group that included the academy of nutrition and dietetics, an endurance athlete who weighs 75 kg should consume at least _____ g of protein daily. 80 100 110 90
Which type of plant is a fern
What type(s) of endocrine cells are glandular and produce pth?
Chief cells are the cells which form parathyroid glands and have a role in the synthesis and release of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Parathyroid glands are endocrine glands located in the neck, more precisely located on the back of the thyroid gland. The hormone of this gland is parathyroid hormone and together with calcitonin (a hormone made by the thyroid gland) have key roles in regulating the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones.
The only taxon in which the biological characteristics are clearly identifiable is the
Over time, dissolved magnesium concentration in a lake has reached equilibrium. input is from streams draining into the lake; magnesium is removed by precipitation in lake sediments. if wastewater discharge upstream doubles the rate at which magnesium is delivered to the lake,
according to the second law of thermodynamics, which is a requirement for the thermal energy to flow from colder objects to hotter objects?
Answer: work must be done on the system
Explanation:
The second law of thermodynamics is the fundamental law of nature; it states that energy can be transferred from cold objects to hot objects only, if work is done on the system. If energy is added to the system then as a result the thermal energy would increase. Second law of thermodynamics is used to determine whether a process is spontaneous or not.
PLEASE HELP!! I WILL RATE BRAINLIEST!!!! THIS IS FOR 25 POINTS
High tide are experienced 12 hours apart for a certain coastline. Which of the following best explains the reason for this phenomenon?
The coastline experiences tidal bulge twice a day.
The coastline experiences tidal bulge once a day
. The coastline comes in a straight line with the moon once.
The coastline becomes 90 degress with the moon twice.
a} The coastline experiences tidal bulge twice a day.
i just did this test so it should be right :)
_______ is a liquid produced by the kidneys, collected in the bladder and excreted through the urethra. A) Blood B) Plasma C) Sweat D) Urine
Urine is a liquid produced by the kidneys, collected in the bladder and excreted through the urethra.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
In our body, presence of urinary tract filters extra fluid and other substance from the blood. The substances get excreted from our body in the urine type.
Urine, a liquid generated by the kidneys, accumulates in bladder, and then excreted from the urethra. Urine used to remove excess minerals and to remove blood cells from body. The urinary tract consists of the kidneys, urethra, bladder and ureter.
The urinary systems function in conjunction with other systems of the body to handle homeostasis. The kidneys play as the important organs of homeostasis. They balance acid-base and water-salt in the blood.
Tasha went on a trekking exposition to a mountain range during her vacation when she reached a particular height it started taking heavily which sphere is responsible for this sudden weather change
Answer:
1. atmosphere
2. troposphere
Explanation:
1. Weather on Earth is caused by heat from the sun and movement of the air. All weather happens in the lower layer of Earth's atmosphere, which is a layer of gases surrounding Earth. The sun's heat warms the air in this layer to different temperature levels in different places. ... This movement of air is what we call wind.
2. The troposphere is the lowermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere. Most of the weather phenomena, systems, convection, turbulence and clouds occur in this layer