Two or more atoms of different elements covalently bonded together are referred to as __________.

In a phase change diagram, the arrows representing an increase in kinetic energy of particles are those showing endothermic transitions: melting, vaporization, and sublimation, which are marked by purple arrows.

Phase changes involve a change in kinetic energy of particles. When particles transition from solid to liquid, liquid to gas, or solid to gas, their kinetic energy increases. These changes are represented by the purple arrows in the diagram.

In a phase change diagram, the arrows that represent changes where  the kinetic energy of the particles increases are those that indicate heating: from solid to liquid, liquid to gas, and solid to gas. These transitions are endothermic, meaning they require an input of energy from the surroundings. When a substance changes from a solid to a liquid (melting), from a liquid to a gas (vaporization), or directly from a solid to a gas (sublimation), the particles gain kinetic energy, allowing them to move more freely and overcome the intermolecular forces holding them together in a more ordered state.

On the phase diagram, these changes are denoted by the purple arrows. Conversely, transitions from a less ordered state to a more ordered state (freezing, condensation, and deposition), indicated by the green arrows, are exothermic. This means energy is released as particles lose kinetic energy and move into a more stable, ordered state.

Changes in temperature and changes in pressure are two circumstances that can cause a system in equilibrium to change the concentrations of its reactants or products.

Two circumstances that can cause a system in equilibrium to change the concentrations of its reactants or products are changes in temperature and changes in pressure. Let's take temperature as an example. If the temperature of a system at equilibrium is increased, the reaction will shift in the direction that consumes heat, causing the concentrations of reactants and products to change. Similarly, if the temperature is decreased, the reaction will shift in the direction that releases heat, resulting in changes in concentrations as well.

Boron is an element as it can not be broken down further by simple chemical processes.

It is defined as a substance which cannot be broken down further into any other substance. Each element is made up of its own type of atom. Due to this reason all elements are different from one another.

Elements can be classified as metals and non-metals. Metals are shiny and conduct electricity and are all solids at room temperature except mercury. Non-metals do not conduct electricity and are mostly gases at room temperature except carbon and sulfur.

The number of protons in the nucleus is the defining property of an element and is related to the atomic number.All atoms with same atomic number are atoms of same element.Elements are majorly classified according to their chemical properties.

Learn more about elements,here:

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When you squeeze an air-filled balloon, there are fewer collisions of air molecules against the wall of the balloon.

When you squeeze an air-filled balloon, there are fewer collisions of air molecules against the wall of the balloon.

When pressure is applied to the balloon by squeezing it, the volume of the balloon decreases. As a result, the air molecules inside become more crowded, reducing the number of collisions with the balloon wall.

So, the correct answer is B. There are fewer collisions of air molecules against the wall of the balloon.

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When you squeeze an air-filled balloon, you reduce the volume for the air molecules which results in more frequent collisions against the interior of the balloon.

Yes, your answer is correct. When you squeeze an air-filled balloon, you are effectively reducing the volume available for the air molecules inside it. As a result, there will be a noticeable increase in the number of collisions the air molecules have against the wall of the balloon (option A). This is concisely explained by the kinetic theory of gases, which states that gases consist of a large number of molecules that are in constant, random motion. So, under compression, the space for these random movements is limited, and therefore, they collide more frequently with the balloon's interior.

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Answer:

The average kinetic energy of the particles would reduce, subsequently leading to reduced average motion of the particles. If the decrease in temperature persists, the particles eventually change phase and move to a less mobile state of matter than the phase in which they currently are in.

Explanation:

The image for the question is missing and we couldn't find thay online.

But it isn't hard to imagine what the image would be.

It is said to be a picture depicting particles that are in two different phases (liquid and gas).

What would likely happen if the temperature of the particles were decreased?

All particles of matter are said to always be in a constant state of motion (random motion); with the motion very evident in particles in gaseous phase than particles in liquid phase, then particles in the solid phase.

A decrease in temperature for any type of particles in whichever state will result in a reduced kinetic energy of such particles. As the kinetic energy with which the particles moving with constant, random motion is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the system in which such particles are contained in.

So, a decrease in temperature for both gaseous and liquid particles will result in reduced and reduced kinetic energy and subsequently a reduction in the average motion of the particles.

For the gaseous particles, if the decrease in temperature continues to a point, the gaseous particles lose enough kinetic energy to change phase from gaseous form to a phase (liquid phase) where the motion is more restricted, average motion reduces and kinetic energy of the particles drop too. This is condensation; changing from gaseous phase to liquid phase.

The liquid particles follow a similar course too, only that a continuous decrease in temperature will lead to reduced motion and kinetic energy until the liquid particles 'freeze' by changing phase into the solid phase where the average motion is much more reduced and limited to vibrational motion about a particular fixed point.

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A reservoir is a body of water. Towns and municipalities use it to capture water and it then seeps through the ground which cleans it and then it gets filtered into this processing thing and it then gets shipped out in pipes to peoples houses. A reservoir is a broad term though. You can have a reservoir of a variety of things such as a reservoir of oil kind of like a surplus where you can store it but in most cases, people talk about water.

Explanation:

A balanced chemical reaction is a reaction in which there is equal number of atoms on both reactant and product side. Also, the mass of atoms or compounds present on reactant side equals the mass of atoms or compounds present on product side.

For example, [tex]CaSO_{4} + 2HCl \rightarrow CaCl_{2} + H_{2}SO_{4}[/tex]

Molar mass of [tex]CaSO_{4}[/tex] = 136.14 g/mol

Molar mass of 2[tex]HCl[/tex] = [tex]2 \times 36.46[/tex] g/mol = 72.92 g/mol

Therefore, sum of molar mass of reactants = (136.14 + 72.92) g/mol

                                                                       = 209.05 g/mol

Molar mass of [tex]CaCl_{2}[/tex] = 110.98 g/mol

Molar mass of [tex]H_{2}SO_{4}[/tex] = 98.07 g/mol

Therefore, sum of molar mass of products = (110.98 + 98.07) g/mol

                                                                       = 209.05

Therefore, we can see that it is true that when you balance a chemical reaction, you are making sure that the law of conservation of matter is obeyed.

Final answer:

Chromium oxide enhances stainless steel by forming a protective passivating layer that inhibits corrosion and increases the alloy's durability. Chromium contributes its corrosion resistance to stainless steel, ensuring long-lasting quality and protection against environmental elements.

Explanation:

Chromium oxide plays a crucial role in improving the properties of stainless steel. By alloying the iron with chromium, stainless steel gains significant resistance to corrosion. This is largely due to the chromium tending to migrate towards the surface, where it reacts with oxygen to form a passivating chromium oxide layer.

This oxide layer protects the iron from further corrosion, enhancing the durability and longevity of the stainless steel.

While pure chromium does not readily corrode, it bestows its resistive properties upon steel when used as an alloy. The created oxide layer is thin but very protective, acting as a barrier that blocks moisture, air, and other corrosive agents from reaching the iron.

In different environmental conditions, chromium can exist in several oxidation states, such as Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Cr(III) is relatively insoluble in water and low in toxicity, while Cr(VI) is considerably more toxic and soluble in water.

However, in stainless steel, chromium's positive contributions in the form of its corrosion resistance make it a valuable element for maintaining the material's quality and safety.

1. Ionic form is formed when one or more electrons from the valence shell of an atom (electropositive metal ) are completely transferred to the valence shell of another atom (electronegative non-metal). Ionic bonding is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between oppositely charged atoms.

For example NaCl (sodium chloride ) is an ionic bond, in which valence electron from Na gets completely transferred to the valence shell of Cl and ionic bond is formed between opposite ions that is Na (positive) and Cl (negative).

[tex] Na^{+}(cation) + Cl^{-}(anion)\rightarrow Ionic bond [/tex]

So option 'C' is correct choice.

2. A neutral atom can lose or gain an electron.

If the neutral atom loses an electron it will become ion with positive charge known as 'Cation'

If the neutral atom gains an electron it will become ion with negative charge known as 'Anion'

So an ion which positive charge is called 'Cation' , option B is correct.

An attraction between two atoms of the opposite charge forms an ionic bond. An ion with a positive charge is known as a cation.

The attraction between two atoms of the opposite charge forms an ionic bond. The negatively charged atom (anion) and positively charged atom (cation) experience a strong electrostatic attraction that constitutes an ionic bond. This typically occurs between a metal and nonmetal atom.

An ion with a positive charge is called a cation. Cations are usually metals. For example, when neutral sodium loses one electron, it becomes a positively charged sodium cation (Na+).

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19.) Single-displacement is the correct answer.

20.) I am not sure, but Single-displacement is incorrect. At least you can cancel that one out.

3.65

Given:

Question:

What would be the final ph if 0.0100 moles of solid NaOH were added to this buffer?

The Process:

Step-1

Let us prepare all the moles of substances.

[tex]\boxed{ \ n = MV \ }[/tex]  

Moles of HCOOH =  

[tex]\boxed{ \ 0.600 \ \frac{mol}{L} \times 100 \ ml = 60 \ mmol \ }[/tex]

Moles of HCOONa =  

[tex]\boxed{ \ 0.300 \ \frac{mol}{L} \times 100 \ ml = 30 \ mmol \ }[/tex]

Moles of NaOH =

[tex]\boxed{ \ 0.0100 \ moles = 10 \ mmol \ }[/tex]

Step-2

Let use the ICE table (in mmol).

                  [tex]\boxed{ \ HCOOH_{(aq)} + NaOH_{(s)} \rightarrow HCOONa_{(aq)} + H_2O_{(l)} \ }[/tex]

Initial:                  60                  10                   30                   -

Change:             -10                 -10                 +10                +10

Equlibrium:       50                   -                    40                  10

NaOH as a strong base acts as a limiting reagent.

The remaining HCOOH as a weak acid and HCOONa salt forms an acidic buffer system.

The HCOONa salt has valence = 1 according to the number of HCOO⁻ ions as a weak part, i.e.,  [tex]\boxed{ \ HCOONa \rightleftharpoons HCOO^- + Na^+ \ }[/tex]

HCOOH and HCOO⁻ are conjugate acid-base pairs.

Step-3

To calculate the specific pH of a given buffer, we need using The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation for acidic buffers:

[tex]\boxed{ \ pH = pK_a + log\frac{[A^-]}{[HA]} \ }[/tex]

where,  

[tex]\boxed{ \ pH = pK_a + log\frac{[HCOO^-]}{[HCOOH]} \ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{ \ pH = -log(1.8 \times 10^{-4}) + log \Big(\frac{40}{50}\Big) \ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{ \ pH = 4 - log \ 1.8 - 0.0969 \ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{ \ pH = 4 - 0.2553 - 0.0969 \ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{ \ pH = 3.65 \ }[/tex]

Thus, the pH of this buffer equal to 3.65.

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

What if we calculate the buffer pH value before the addition of NaOH?

Moles of HCOOH =  60 mmol

Moles of HCOONa =  30 mmol

[tex]\boxed{ \ pH = pK_a + log\frac{[HCOO^-]}{[HCOOH]} \ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{ \ pH = -log(1.8 \times 10^{-4}) + log \Big(\frac{30}{60}\Big) \ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{ \ pH = 4 - log \ 1.8 - 0.301 \ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{ \ pH = 4 - 0.2553 - 0.301 \ }[/tex]

[tex]\boxed{ \ pH = 3.44 \ }[/tex]

Thus, the initial pH of this buffer is 3.44. This proves the nature of the buffer that keeps the pH value relatively unchanged with the addition of a strong electrolyte.

Radioactive hydrogen will be found in glucose, and radioactive oxygen will be found in the oxygen gas produced during photosynthesis.

In photosynthesis, water (H₂O) is split into hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O₂) by the energy from sunlight. When you expose a photosynthesizing plant to water that contains both radioactive hydrogen (³H) and radioactive oxygen (¹⁸O), these elements will be incorporated into the products of photosynthesis in specific ways. The radioactive hydrogen (³H) will be found in glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) as hydrogen atoms are part of the glucose molecule. The radioactive oxygen (¹⁸O) will be found in the molecular oxygen (O₂) released as a byproduct.

Thus, if you supply a plant with radioactive water, the radioactive H will show up in glucose, while the radioactive O will show up in the oxygen gas produced during photosynthesis.

2AlPO4 ( aq) + 3MgCl2 (aq) -> Mg3(PO4)2 (s) + 2AlCl3 (aq) 

Right answer is D
 

Answer : Yes, the given reaction is the complete balanced equation.

Explanation :

Balanced equation : It is defined as the number of individual atoms of an element present on the reactant side always be equal to the number of individual atoms of an element present on product side. That means the complete balanced equation are those which follows the law of conservation of mass.

When aluminum phosphate reacts with magnesium chloride in an aqueous solution then it gives magnesium phosphate and aluminium chloride as a product.

The complete balanced equation will be,

[tex]2AlPO_4(aq)+3MgCl_2(aq)\rightarrow Mg_3(PO_4)_2(s)+2AlCl_3(aq)[/tex]

By the stoichiometry, 2 moles of aluminium phosphate react with 3 moles of magnesium chloride to give 1 mole of magnesium phosphate and 2 moles of aluminium chloride.

Answer is: B.  Water has a set of properties that are different from oxygen and hydrogen.

For example, boiling point of water is 100°C and oxygen has boiling point of -183°C and hydrogen has boiling point of -253°C.

Another example, at room temperature water is liquid, oxygen and hydrogen are gases.

Water is not flammable, hydrogen anf oxygen are flammable.

Water has polar covalent bonds, oxygen anf hydrogen have nonpolar bonds between atoms.

Answer:

B.

Water has a set of properties that are different from oxygen and hydrogen.

Explanation:

The characteristic properties of these elements are different from those of water. However, hydrogen and oxygen have some common properties. They are both colorless, odorless gases , and they both readily react with other elements—making them "reactive" elements. ... Hydrogen has the lowest density of all the elements. Yee.

Final answer:

Option d is the correct answer. If the volume of air in a pump doubles with temperature remaining constant, according to Boyle's Law, the pressure is halved which means the number of collisions per unit area is reduced by half.

Explanation:

When you draw back on the piston of a pump, causing the volume of air to double, and temperature remains constant, Boyle's Law applies here. Boyle's Law states that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume, when temperature and the number of molecules are constant. Hence, when the volume doubles, the pressure is halved. This means that the number of collisions per unit area of the gas molecules against the walls of the piston is reduced by half because there is now twice the space for the gas molecules to move around in.

Considering the given options, the correct answer to what happens when the volume of air in the pump doubles is d. The number of collisions per unit area is reduced by one-half., given that temperature and the number of gas molecules remain constant.