When biologists speak of a universal genetic code they are referring to the fact that, in nearly all organisms, A) the DNA sequences are identical. B) RNA information is transcribed. C) RNA specifies proteins the same way. D) phenotype is dependent upon genotype.
C) RNA specifies proteins the same way.
In nearly all organisms, elements in mitochondrial RNA (called codons) specify each of the 20 amino acids that make up proteins.
The universal genetic code refers to the fact that DNA sequence transcribed into messenger RNA is always read as a triplet sequence of codons. These codons are read during translation by ribosomes and translated into the amino acid sequence, resulting in the synthesis of proteins.
Further explanation:
Protein synthesis through genes occurs in two steps:
The DNA sequence present in the gene is converted into the messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence through transcription. This mRNA is then translated into an amino acid sequence by translation resulting in the formation of protein or polypeptide chain.
The nucleotide sequence in the mRNA is read as a codon sequence in which each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid. A codon is a set of three nucleotides and a complete chain of codons determining the amino acid sequence for a particular protein is called the genetic code.
There are about 20 amino acids present in the proteins which are expressed through DNA containing only four nucleotides. The different sets of nucleotides present in a group of three codes for particular amino acids and are referred to as codons. This combination of nucleotides resulted in the formation of 64 codons for 20 amino acids. Out of 64 codons, three are stop codons while the other 61 codons represent an amino acid.
It is said that the genetic code is universal which means that all the 20 amino acids are specified by the same codons in a number of organisms. Therefore, almost every organism uses the same set of rules for the translation of mRNA into proteins. These rules include reading the genetic code in the form of codon present in the mRNA by the ribosome in a sequential manner followed by protein synthesis as an amino acid sequence.
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Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Genetics
Chapter: Translation of mRNA
Keywords:
mRNA, DNA, proteins, amino acids, gene, genetic code, codon, transcription, translation, protein synthesis, nucleotides.
which homeostasis is a condition that strays from normal homeostasis
Answer:
homeostatic imbalance
Explanation:
edge
Which is one of the most important differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?The cytoplasm in eukaryotes does not contain any organelles but that of prokaryotes does.Eukaryotes are much smaller than prokaryotes.Prokaryotes do not have a well–defined nucleus, but eukaryotes do.
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A piece of iron at 25 °C is dropped into a glass of water at 15 °C. Which statement is correct? Heat will flow from the iron to the water in the glass until both reach the same temperature. Heat will flow from the water in the glass to the iron until both reach the same temperature. The final temperature of the water in the glass and the iron will be 25 °C. The final temperature of the water in the glass and the iron will be 15 °C.
When a piece of iron that is 25 °C is dropped into water that is 15 °C, the heat from the iron will dissipate into the water until the temperature is the same by conduction. Thus, option A is correct.
What is conduction?Conduction is the transfer of the dissipated energy from the hot iron metal at 25 °C to the water at a lower temperature. The heat or the energy molecules gets transferred from the region of high to lower temperature.
This occurs through the diffusion that allows the hot iron to release the energy from its body that diffuses and gets transferred to the water molecules that have a tempearture of 15 °C, which is lower than that of the iron.
Therefore, the piece of the iron loses its heat to the water till both have the same tempearture.
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Talisa was very frustrated. She was trying to make a jewelry box for her mother and it fell apart as a result of the glue wasn't strong enough. She decided that before she began again, she would test different types of glue to determine which is the strongest. She chose Glue A, Glue B and Glue C to adhere 10 sets of pine and oak boards.
a.What should Talisa change about her experiment that will make it more credible/better?
b.Why should she make this change?
how do the immune system and the respiratory system worl together
The immune and respiratory systems collaborate closely to protect the body from microbes and maintain health. A healthy lifestyle, including not smoking, supports their functionality and defense mechanisms. During infections, the interaction between pathogens and the respiratory system's microbiome can lead to disease.
The immune system and the respiratory system work together to protect the body from pathogens and to maintain overall health. Microbes interact with the respiratory system by residing in various niches such as the nasal cavity, pharynx, and lungs, playing roles in maintaining health and contributing to the body's defense mechanisms. However, during an infection, these microbial communities can become disrupted, leading to disease. Similarly, maintaining a healthy lifestyle with good nutrition, regular exercise, and sufficient rest strengthens the respiratory and immune systems, enhancing their ability to ward off infections and function optimally.
The respiratory system is directly exposed to external stimuli and foreign matter, including various microbes, during the process of inhalation. The mucosal surfaces of the respiratory tract normally host a biofilm of resident microbiota that are essential for homeostatic functions.
Name three things that a person could do to reduce water pollution
The pH of a solution will be more resistant to change if ________.
A.
the temperature is raised
B.
the temperature is lowered
C.
a salt is added
D.
a buffer is added
During the enzyme assay, buffers are used to correct and maintain the proper pH. They are composed of a potent basic element and a weak acid. Thus, option D is correct.
What is the function of buffer in solutions?
When acidic or basic compounds are added, a substance is said to be a buffer if it can resist the pH change.
It may neutralize little quantities of acid or base, generally maintaining the solution's pH at a steady level. This is important for processes or reactions that require certain, stable pH ranges.
A significant pH change and hence a potential denaturation of the enzyme are avoided by the buffering substance.
However, buffer agents can also impair enzyme function negatively, such as by inhibiting substrate competition.
Therefore, The pH of a solution will be more resistant to change if a buffer is added.
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The graph represents a _______________ relationship between moose and wolves. A) competitive. B) mutualistic. Eliminate C) parasitic. D) predator-prey.
Predator-prey
The graph represents a predator-prey relationship between the moose and wolves. There is an inverse relationship between the two; when the moose increase in number, the wolf population increases and then the moose population drops. That's because the wolves are eating the moose.
The graph represents a predator-prey relationship. So, the correct option is D.
What is predator-prey relationship?Predation is defined as a community relationship in which organisms of one species, known as the predator, consume the tissues of another species of organism, known as the prey. This means killing prey and eating all or most of the prey organism.
In the given graph which represents a predator-prey relationship between moose and wolves, where there is an inverse relationship between the two organisms such that when the number of moose increases, the population of wolves increases and then Moose populations decline because of wolves eating moose.
So, the correct option is D.
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Flowering plants are the most successful group of land plants. This is due, in part, to the trait that could be the label for point C. in the cladogram. Consider the organization of the cladogram. What trait, besides flowers, is unique to this group of plants? A) vascular tissue B) seeds protected by a fruit C) alternation of generations D) continuous spore production
Answer:
the answer is B
Explanation:
just got it right
What does the digestive system do?
The digestive system breaks down food, absorbs nutrients, and eliminates waste through processes involving mechanical and chemical digestion, absorption, and elimination.
Functions of the Digestive System
The digestive system is responsible for breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and eliminating waste. Here are its main functions explained in bullet points:
Mechanical digestion: This involves physically breaking down food into smaller pieces, starting in the mouth with chewing and continuing in the stomach with churning.Chemical digestion: Enzymes and acids break down food into simpler molecules that the body can absorb. This starts in the mouth with saliva, continues in the stomach, and is completed in the small intestine.Absorption: Nutrients from the digested food are absorbed primarily in the small intestine into the bloodstream or lymphatic system for use by the body.Elimination: The remaining indigestible food and waste are expelled from the body through the large intestine and rectum as feces.Each organ in the digestive system, from the mouth to the intestines, plays a vital role in these processes.
human blood types are determined by the types of proteins 8 or be found in the blood people with type O blood have neither a nor B proteins present the table below provides a description of the possible blood type combinations. What is the probability that a mother with type AB blood and a father with type O blood will have a child with type O blood?
A) 0%
B) 25%
C) 50%
D) 100%
The answer is 0% i just did the question.
What does it mean that we are in an "extinction crisis"?
why can the genetics of fruit flies be applied to humans
The genetics of fruit flies can be used to examine related genes in humans.
What are fruit flies?Fruit flies and humans share 75% of the disease-causing genes, therefore researchers researching fruit flies can gain insight into human genetics.
Fruit flies make an excellent genetic model for research on human disease. The most common method for learning about genes involves seeing what happens to a fly when a particular gene is "knocked out" of its genome.
In this manner, fly researchers can examine the gene's function in a pertinent area without compromising the fly's general well-being, which is crucial for simulating human diseases that target particular cell-types.
Therefore, for example, if the gene that was knocked out is a critical gene needed for growth and development.
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Unsaved Nerve cells called _______________ form networks within the body (like a system of wires), in order to communicate with each other in a type of chain reaction.
A ____ is one complete trip around an orbit
Final answer:
A revolution is one complete trip around an orbit, commonly called a year for planets like Earth. The orbital period is the time it takes to complete one orbit, which is related to the size of the orbit defined by the semimajor axis. Orbital speed varies within the orbit and is an essential part of understanding celestial dynamics.
Explanation:
A revolution is one complete trip around an orbit. This term can be applied to any object that is moving around another object in space, such as a planet, a satellite, or a moon. When discussing the Earth, this revolution is also known as a year, which is the amount of time it takes for the Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun. The concept of an orbital period is directly related to this, and it represents the time duration needed for an object to make a full orbit around another body. Another term associated with orbital movement is the semimajor axis, which in the context of planetary orbits, helps in determining the orbital period due to its relationship with the size of the orbit.
The speed at which this orbital movement occurs is referred to as orbital speed, and this speed changes depending on the part of the orbit the planet is in—specifically whether it is at perihelion (closest to the Sun) or aphelion (farthest from the Sun) for planets, or perigee (closest to Earth) for satellites.
Write the complementary dna strand for TCTTAAATGATCGATC
AGAATTACTAGCTAG would be the complementary DNA strand to TCTTAAATGATCGATC.
What is the scenario with the base pairing ?Each base is combined with the base that it complements to form the complimentary strand. Adenine (A) and thymine (T) pair with cytosine (C) and guanine (G) in DNA. Each base must be swapped out for its complimentary base in order to identify the complementary strand.
In order to change each base, we may start with the original DNA sequence TCTTAAATGATCGATC and do so as follows:
A -> T G -> C T -> A C -> G
This results in the DNA strand's complementary sequence, AGAATTACTAGCTAG.
In conclusion, each base in the original sequence is switched out for its complimentary base to create the complementary strand. Here, T is switched out for A, C for G, A for T, and G for C to get the complimentary bases. There are bas4s that combined with the phosphate group such that they combine all together to make nucleotide that will make strands.
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which biome is a suitable habitat for the white wolf
Answer: Tundra biome
Tundra biome is the coldest biome of the world. It is dominated by snow. The white wolf is also called as polar wolf and artic wolf. This animal species is native of Artic tundra biome located in the North America. These animals are adapted to survive in harsh winter conditions. They exhibit adaptations like small ears to minimize the surface area to volume ratio (less surface area will prevent the loss of heat), they have thick fur which is highly insulating, fur on the paws to provide them insulation and increase grip in otherwise slippery surface of ice, and thick layer of body fat keeps the body insulated against harsh external winter environment.
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In this assignment, you will prepare a presentation of six to eight slides that discuss a hydroelectric power plant.
Think about the areas that interest you. For instance, perhaps you live near a hydroelectric power plant, or maybe you were interested in one of the dams mentioned in Lesson 15.
What are the parts of the presentation?
Your presentation should consist of the following slides of information (6-8 slides total):
• Introduction
• Several informative slides
• Conclusion
• List of resources used to obtain your information
What information should be included?
• A history of the building of the power plant
• Why the location is well suited for hydroelectric power production
• How the power plant works
• Any other interesting information about the plant, such as how it minimizes negative consequences to the environment
Plz answer in groups to add to each slide. Brainliest for who does it.
history of building a power plant-In June 27, 1954. The world's first power plant was opened. In Obninsk, outside of Moscow. In 1868 a hydro electric power station was designed and built by Lord Armstrong at Crag side, England. It used water from lakes on his estate to power Siemens dynamos. The electricity supplied power to lights, heating, produced hot water, ran an elevator as well as labor-saving devices and farm buildings. Then in 1870 generators were invented to produce power on a commercial scale for industries. But then in 1882 in Appleton Wisconsin, US DC power, 12.5 kW. This was the first Edison hydroelectric station. It powered Van Dipole's early electric trolleys later in 1886.Then in 1882 in New York City - Edison Illuminating Company builds New York's first power plant at the Pearl Street
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1. According to the diagram, which organism is the producer in the meadow
A. Corn Snake
B. Field Mouse
C. Grass
D. Hawk
2. According to the diagram, which organism in the food chain occupies the highest trophic level?
A. Corn Snake
B. Field Mouse
C. Grass
D. Hawk
Answer:
Therefore, In 1 option C is correct .
In 2 option D is correct option .
Explanation:
In this food chain, the grass, since it is a autotrophic organism is the producer.
The trophic level of an organism is the position it occupies in a food chain.
In this diagram at last position is hawk which eat the snake that mean it has highest trophic level.
What trait variation did Charles Darwin observe after studying the Galapagos finches? (5 points)
How did Darwin explain the differences in traits? (10 points)
The finches of the same genus had different characteristic on the different islands of the Galapagos. They had different graded beaks sizes and shapes. In some islands, finches had sharp beaks for stabbing their prey. In other islands, the fiches had short stout beaks for grain-eating. This is a case of allopatric speciation where a population of the finches diverged to.adapt to the habitats in the different islands and also claim different niches
There where 3 different variations of the Galapagos Islands. We'll call them flocks X, Y, and Z. All of them eat fruits, seeds, and insects, but they have their own preferences. Flock X has sharp, piercing beaks that good for catching bugs and eating soft fruit, but they will also eat seeds. Flock Y has hard, spoon-like beaks that are good for breaking seeds, but they will also eat insects and fruits. Flock Z has short beaks that are good for catching insects, but will also eat fruits and seeds.
Do both plants and animal cells have endoplasmic reticulum?
What type of star has an absolute brightness of 1 and a surface temperature around 7,500 °C?
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Supergiant
Giant
Main sequence
Dwarf
Choose all the answers that apply.
Binary fission _____.
A. is a type of asexual reproduction
B. is a type of sexual reproduction
C. creates identical copies of the parent cell
D. is the type of reproduction used by bacteria
E. occurs in organisms that do not have a membrane bound nucleus
Answer:
A and D
Explanation:
many pathogenic bacteria species are becoming resistant to antibiotics. Explain how such adaptations can develop through the process of natural selection
Which of the following statements are true?
Question 3 options:
Sound travels 4 times faster through water than through air.
There is no sound in space
All of the above
Answer: The correct option is: All of the above.
Sound is a type of pressure wave and as it is a wave, it needs medium to travel. In water, the particles are closer than that in air hence the energy transfer can be faster in water than in air. Sound travels four times faster in water to that compared in air.
In empty space there is absence of air and sound is vibrations travelling through air. There are radio waves and light waves in space but these are not sound and light does not require any medium like air to travel. The light can be seen, radio waves can be interpreted by instruments but sound cannot be heard so there is no sound in space.
what is the particles that make up a sample of matter have kinetic energy
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Object A has a mass of 12 g and a volume of 8 cm3. Object B has a mass of 20 g and a volume of 8 cm3. Which object has a greater density and by how much?
Object A, by 1 gram per cubic centimeter
Object A, by 8 grams per cubic centimeter
Object B, by 1 gram per cubic centimeter
Object B, by 8 grams per cubic centimeter
it is c Object B, by 1 grams per cubic centimeter.
The density of an object is calculated using the formula Density = Mass / Volume. After calculating, it's determined that Object B has a greater density (2.5 g/cm3) compared to Object A (1.5 g/cm3), and the difference between the two is 1 gram per cubic centimeter.
Explanation:The subject of this question is density, which in physics is calculated by the formula: Density = Mass / Volume. So, let's calculate the density for both Object A and Object B.
1. Object A: Density = Mass / Volume = 12g / 8cm3 = 1.5 g/cm3
2. Object B: Density = Mass / Volume = 20g / 8cm3 = 2.5 g/cm3
Therefore, Object B has a greater density and the difference is 2.5 g/cm3 - 1.5 g/cm3 = 1 g/cm3.
So, the correct answer is: Object B, by 1 gram per cubic centimeter.
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Other than passing genes from parents to offspring, bacteria are also capable of injecting their genes directly into other bacteria. Using complete sentences, explain how this speeds up the process of evolution in bacteria.
Usually, genes are transferred by bacteriophages, viruses that precisely takeover bacteria cells. Phages inject their own genetic material into the host cell like tiny syringes, compelling it to produce new phages. Throughout this occurrence, genes from the bacterial genome can be combined into the newly made phages. Subsequently, they inject their newly altered genetic load into other bacteria. By this, bacteriophages serve as a transportation, taking up DNA from one bacterium and leaving it into another. Bacteria can also connect through tiny connection tubes wherein they exchange pieces of DNA. They can take up genetic material from the environment as well. There are actually three ways for bacteria to transfer genes. The first one is called Conjugation, which is the transfer of DNA straight from one cell to another through cell-cell contact. Secondly, bacteria are adept at taking up DNA right from their environment and combining it into their genomes.This process is known as natural Transformation. Lastly, Transduction, wherein DNA is transferred from one cell to another by a virus.