Varying the enzyme- For a one-substrate, enzyme –catalyzed reaction, double –reciprocal plots were determined for three different enzyme concentrations. Which of the three families of curve would you expect to be obtained? Explain.

Answer:

We can deduce that:

1. Sodium ions directly enters the cells, indicating  the signal is transduced by an ion channel.

2. Sweet utilizes the GRCP signaling pathway, activating phospholipase C.

Explanation:

IN SALTY, the Sodium ion passes through dynamic various chambers that can be located on the apical membrane  of the taste buds.

Sweet utilizes GRCP signaling pathway va activation of phospholipase C in order to produce IP3 and DAG.

Answer: Option D is the correct answer.

The correct statements about valves are;The heart valves enable blood to flow in one direction.The valves keep blood in flowing in reverse direction.

Explanation:

Heart valves are thin tissue paper membrane that is attached to the heart. The heart valves and chambers are lined with endocardium.The heart valves is divided into four which are;

1. The two atrioventricular valves , the biscupid and triscupid valves which are between the upper chambers of the atria and the lower chambers of the ventricles

2. The two semilunar valves, the aortic and the pulmonary valves which are in the arteries leaving the heart. The biscupid and the aortic valves are in the left heart while the pulmonary and triscupid valves are in the right heart. During ventriculsr systole when pressure rises in the left ventricle and it is greater in the aorta, the aortic valves then open and allow blood to leave in through the left ventricle in the aorta.

The statement which is true about valves in the heart is: Choice D.

Discussion:

Heart valves by definition are thin tissue membranes attached to the heart. The heart valves and chambers are lined with endocardium.

The heart valves are divided into four which are;

All of which are characterized by enabling blood flow only in one direction and keeping blood from flowing in the reverse direction.

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Answer:

bony

swim bladder

mouth

operculum

Explanation:

Fill in the blanks.

Osteichthyans" commonly referred to as "fishes" have a _____Bony___________ endoskeleton.

Fishes control their buoyancy with an air sac known as a _____swim bladder_

Fishes breathe by drawing water over ___mouth ____ in chambers covered by a bony flap called the __operculum.______________.

Answer:

According to the description, the punnet square can be drawn as follows:

        F        f

F    FF        Ff

f     Ff        ff

The results of the punnet squares show that  there is a 75% chance for the children to have freckles. As freckles is a trait which can arise from just a single allele, hence we can say that is is a dominant trait.

The children from this cross have 25% chance of being homozygous for the freckles trait. There is a 50% chance that the children will be heterozygous for freckles trait and there is a 25% chance that the children will not have freckles.

Answer:

C. 75%

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer will be option-D

Explanation:

A riparian zone is the zone formed at the meeting area of land with water mostly from the lakes, ponds and the river. The plants growing in the riparian zones are known as the riparian vegetation.

The riparian zones prove useful to natural environment and humans as the growing vegetation help bind the soil which reduces soil erosion. It also reduce pollution level in the water bodies as it contains the pollution from the run off.

The riparian zones provides habitat to a variety of plants mainly from bryophytes and pteridophytes and animals which can live in the riparian zones.

Thus, option-D is the correct answer.

Answer:

the correct answer is D ALL OF THE ABOVE

Answer:

b. DNA replication is subject to errors that cause cell death.

Explanation:

Answer :   none

Explanation:the removal of the RNA primer following dna replication leads to a shortening of the chromosome and eventual cell death

Answer:

The correct options are :

Explanation:

Biodiversity can be described as the different varieties of plants and animals which are present in a habitat. If biodiversity wasn't conserved then survival of most plants and animals species would become difficult whenever changes occurred. Without biodiversity, degradation of a habitat would occur. Hence, the conservation of biodiversity is very important for protecting the wild-life animals and plants. Biodiversity boosts up an ecosystem. No matter how small an organism is, their conservation is important for the maintenance of biodiversity.  

Conserving biodiversity is important for protecting endangered species, maintaining ecosystems, ensuring the adaptability of species through genetic diversity, and ensuring food security through preservation of heirloom crop varieties.

Conserving biodiversity is critical for several intertwined reasons. Protecting endangered species ensures the survival of organisms that may have unique ecological roles or genetic traits beneficial to the ecosystem or human society. Protecting habitat diversity helps maintain the health and integrity of ecosystems, which in turn supports a variety of life forms. Maintaining genetic diversity within species is crucial for their adaptability and survival in the face of environmental changes, including climate change. Lastly, preserving heirloom varieties of food crops is important for food security and agricultural sustainability, as these varieties can be more resilient to pests, diseases, and changing climate conditions.

Answer:1 premiussie 2 neglectful

Explanation:

Sorry

Answer:

C) Yes, the six-week-old cousin should be considered at risk.

Explanation:

young are at higher risk of pertussis  as compared to older children and adult because  young infants are not fully immunized. At the young age of 6 week, the cousin may not have started the DPT vaccination.  so babies at this age gets easily affected when they are in contact with the infected people.

Answer:

the answer is identical twins

Answer:

Identical twins

Explanation:

Answer:

All of the gametes from a homozygote carry the same version of the gene while those of a heterozygote will differ.

Explanation:

A heterozygous individual carries both dominant and recessive alleles of a gene while a homozygous individual carries two copies of either dominant or recessive alleles of a gene. For example, the genotype TT and tt have two copies of dominant and recessive alleles respectively and are therefore homozygous genotypes. On the other hand, the genotype "Tt" is a heterozygous genotype.

An individual with a homozygous genotype would produce all the gametes having the same allele of the gene. The homozygous genotype "TT" would produce all the gametes with one copy of the "T" allele. An individual with a heterozygous genotype makes two types of gametes. The genotype "Tt" would produce 50% gametes having a "T" allele and rest 50% having a "t" allele. Segregation of alleles during meiosis produces different types of gametes in a heterozygous Individual.

Heterozygous individuals have two different gene copies and express the recessive trait. Homozygous individuals have two identical gene copies and express the dominant trait.

The difference between heterozygous and homozygous individuals lies in their gene composition and expression. Heterozygotes have two different copies of a gene, while homozygotes have two identical copies. Heterozygotes have two similar chromosomes, while homozygotes have one chromosome carrying the same version of the gene.

All the gametes from a homozygote carry the same version of the gene, while those from a heterozygote will differ. In terms of trait expression, homozygotes will express the dominant trait, while heterozygotes will express the recessive trait.

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Answer:

D. Spinal nerves have mixed motor and sensory function.

Explanation:

spinal's nerves are mixed nerves, which means that they carry sensory and motor information. They carry sensory information to the central nervous system to give a motor answer that will travel through the spinal nerves to specific muscles. The White matter, which is peripheral in the spinal cord, contains axons while the gray matter, which is central in the spinal cord, contains cell bodies.

Spinal nerves have mixed motor and sensory function is the statements is correct concerning the spinal cord. Thus, option (d) is correct.

The spinal cord is essential for the movement of nerve impulses from the brain to the rest of the body. It transmits impulses for pressure, temperature, movement, feeling, and pain.

Gray matter and white matter both make up the spinal cord, with the gray matter being central and the white matter being on either side. While nerve fibres that carry messages are found in the white matter, the gray matter houses the neuronal cell bodies.

As a result, the significance of the concerning the spinal cord are the aforementioned. Therefore, option (d) is correct.

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Answer:

the best explanation is 1. overproduction of purines

Explanation:

Purines are nitrogenous base that are broken down to uric acid which is excreted through the kidney as a constituent of urine. Different conditions that lead to an impaired removal of plasma uric acid cause gout. Soda drinks and many soft drinks contain low levels of purines and high level of fructose. Fructose is the only carbohydrate known to increase uric acid levels by increase the rate of  degradration and synthesis of purine

Answer:

Explanation:

Avoid During Pregnancy

3-alcoholic beverages

7-caffeinated beverages

4-unpasteurized milk

2.sashimi and sushi made with

raw fish

Consume During Pregnancy

1- green leafy vegetables

8. low-fat sources of calcium

and vitamin D

Consume with Caution During Pregnancy

6-sodas and sports drinks

5-cooked fish and seafood

soda and sports drink should be used with Doctor recommendation during pregnancy. A high amount of cooked fish is also not advisable due to its adverse effects on the pregnant women but a daily dose recommended is good for body protein needs.

green leafy vegetables  and low-fat sources of calcium  and vitamin D are highly recommended during pregnancy

alcohol and caffeine are not good

while raw fish is also not good during pregnancy because they have high mercury, bacteria and viruses which are more harmful during pregnancy.

Coenzymes are organic compounds that many enzymes require for catalytic activity. They are frequently vitamins or vitamin derivatives.

The coenzyme prosthetic group required in the first reaction is thiamine pyrophosphate.

Thiamine pyrophosphate is a vitamin B1 derivative produced by the enzyme thiamine diphosphokinase.

Thiamine pyrophosphate is a cofactor found in all living systems that catalyzes a variety of biochemical reactions.

Thus, we can conclude that option A is correct.

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Answer:

on a flat, vacant plot on the outskirts of the city

Explanation:

Took the test

Answer:

The correct answer is D. is a system that differentiates self from nonself to neutralize harmful invaders.

Explanation:

A defense system that protects the host body from pathogen infection is called the immune system. This immune system is made up of many different barriers which helps in preventing illness from pathogen attack.

Physical and chemical barriers provide the first line of defense to the body for example skin, mucous membrane, lysozyme in saliva provide first line of defence. Second line of defense is provided by non-specific immune cells like mast cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, etc.

The third line of defense is provided by pathogen-specific immune cells like T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. These cells have the ability to differentiate self and non-self cell and kills the non-self cell that come from outside the body.

In 1933 after the hurricane ocean city inlet are formed. In order to make the inlet steady and to prevent sand flow in north direction but the natural dune is hindered. When these structures are removed, it causes drastic soil erosion and submergence of the land.

Along the coasts of Maryland and Virginia, Assateague Island stretches for 37 miles. The islands in these part are barrier consisting of ocean currents and storms which reforms the land form. Sea level changing and movement of offshore sediments are affected.

The sand from dunes and upper beaches are removed in severe winter which reduces the width of beach. But in case of summer gentler wave action restores the shoreline.The erosion of sand takes place due to severe storms which is carried away by flood waters and re-deposited in marshes moving along westward and bring closer to mainland.

Answer:

This island is characterized for being an island that acts as a natural barrier and the erosion on it is constant, it is also extensively modified due to the fluctuation of the sea. In this way, the structures are built to prevent constant erosion and modifications caused by the sea. If these structures are considered to be removed, fluctuation by the sea will further erode this barrier island and water will enter, causing a flood to the oceanic island.

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer is D

Explanation:

That's why in the graph the best reaction of the enzyme is on 40° C.

On low temperatures the enzyme activity is too low.

On very high temperatures it fall, so the enzyme works better in the middle temperatures.

Answers and Explanation:

Find enclosed the Punnet square.

T= dominant allele

t= recessive allele

Tt= heterozygous genotype

TT and tt= homozygous genotype

- The male pea plant's genotype is Tt (heterozygous)

- The female pea plant's genotype is Tt (heterozygous)

- Male gametes: T and t

- Female gametes: T and t

- The expected genotypic ratio of the offpring will be:

TT: Tt: tt ⇒ 1: 2: 1

1/4 of the offpring will be TT genotype (dominant homozygous), 1/2 of the offpring will be Tt (heterozygous) genotype and 1/4 of the offpring will be tt genotype (recessive homozygous).

- The expected phenotypic ratio of the offpring will be:

tall : short ⇒ 3 : 1

3/4 of the offpring will be tall (TT and Tt) and the restant 1/4 will be short (tt).

Final answer:

The allele frequencies of C1 and C2 and the genotype frequencies in a population of flowers are influenced by autosomal codominant alleles and natural selection. Calculations for changes in allele and genotype frequencies involve the initial frequencies, relative fitness values, and the Hardy-Weinberg principle, but exact values require additional data.

Explanation:

In a population of flowers with autosomal codominant alleles influencing flower color, the C1 and C2 alleles contribute to different phenotypes. Using the given allele frequencies and relative fitness values, we can calculate the impact of natural selection on this population.

a. C1 allele frequency after one generation of natural selection

To calculate the C1 allele frequency after one generation of selection, we must multiply the initial frequency by the relative fitness and then normalize it. However, without the actual population numbers or total fitness value, we can't provide a specific numerical answer.

b. C2 allele frequency after one generation of natural selection

Similarly, the C2 allele frequency is calculated by paying attention to the initial frequency and the impact of the relative fitness. As the C2C2 individuals have a relative fitness of 1.0 and are not being eaten, the C2 allele is likely to increase in frequency.

c. Genotype C1C1 frequency in the second generation

Assuming random mating among survivors of the first generation, the C1C1 frequency can be calculated using the Hardy-Weinberg principle. However, the exact frequency would need further calculation with the revised allele frequencies after the first selection event.

d. Genotype C1C2 frequency in the second generation

The frequency of the C1C2 genotype would also be calculated according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium equation as 2pq, reflecting the genotype's expected proportion in the population.

e. Genotype C2C2 frequency in the second generation

The C2C2 genotype frequency would increase in the second generation, assuming no other evolutionary forces come into play and random mating occurs, we predict this using the Hardy-Weinberg principle (q²).

Answer:Negative inducible and Negative Repressible

Explanation:

Negative control of operon includes Negative inducible and Negative repressible both prevent transcription, but are different in there mode of operation.

Negative inducible operon: This is usually a process by which an active repressor regulatory protein binds to the DNA thereby inhibiting RNA polymerase from transcribing gene.

Negative repressible operons: This is also a process when an negative inducer binds to the operator to which prevent DNA transcription

Answer:

Explanation:

In the negative inducible and negative repressible regulations of gene.

Answer:

E. will have the same genes at the same locations

Explanation:

Homologous chromosomes are the pairs of chromosomes. The members of a homologous pair are genetically and morphologically similar to each other. One chromosome of a homologous pair is inherited from the father while the other one comes from the mother.  

Genes have two or more alleles. The alleles of a gene occupy the corresponding position on the homologous chromosomes. These specific positions of alleles of a gene are called loci. Therefore, a particular locus is occupied by alleles of the same gene on two homologous chromosomes.

Answer:

The correct answer is E. will have the same genes at the same locations.

Explanation:

Homologous chromosomes are the pair chromosomes one from each parent that have similarities in length, size, gene position, and centromere position. Homologous chromosomes have the same genes at the same location on the chromosome.

One gene can be found in multiple forms called alleles but a homologous chromosome can have a maximum of two alleles of a gene and these alleles can be the same(homozygous) or different(heterozygous) and can be dominant or recessive.  

So a pair of homologous chromosomes inside a puppy's cell will have the same gene at the same location but can have different alleles of that gene.

Translation in prokaryotes differs from eukaryotes in that it occurs simultaneously with transcription and may involve polycistronic mRNA.

The process of translation in prokaryotes differs from translation in eukaryotes in several ways. In prokaryotes, translation occurs simultaneously with transcription, meaning the mRNA is translated as it is being transcribed. This is because prokaryotes lack a nucleus and do not have separate compartments for transcription and translation. In contrast, in eukaryotes, transcription occurs in the nucleus and the mRNA must undergo several processing steps before it can be transported to the cytoplasm for translation. Additionally, prokaryotes often have polycistronic mRNA, meaning multiple genes are translated from the same mRNA molecule, whereas eukaryotes generally have monocistronic mRNA, with each mRNA molecule encoding only one gene.

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Answer:

lac promoter incorporated into the genome of E. coli, = for the repression of the gene

T7 gene incorporated into the genome of E. coli,+ for the formation of T7 gene

and T7 promoter on the plasmid introduced into E. coli= for the attachment of Polymerase to transcriped RNA from 5 to 3 direction

Explanation:

Answer:

For repression of gene the lac parameters must be incorporated into genome of E.coli

Where for the formation T7 gene,T7 gene must be incorporated into genome of E.coli

For attachment of polymerase to transcript RNA from 5 to 3 direction the T7 on the placimid must be introduced into E.coli

Answer:

Use a higher % agarose gel.

Explanation:

Agarose gels have a porous matrix. The higher the concentration of agarose, the smaller the pores, so larger DNA molecules will have more difficulty moving through the gel and they will run slower than small DNA molecules.

The higher % agarose gel has thus a better resolving power (the measurable interval between two entities -the DNA bands- is smaller). For that reason, a 2% agarose gel will allow you to differentiate better between two bands of close molecular weight, if you let the DNA fragments run long enough.

Answer:

A. The DNA-bending function of TBP cannot be performed by another protein in the general transcription factor complex.

Explanation:

TATA  box sequence binding protein binds to aspecific region on DNA known as TATA Sequence. TATA binding protein binding to the DNA Sequence is necessary because it generates bending of DNA till 80° angle.

BINDING of all transcription factors depends solely upon the binding of TBP directly, that is why TATA binding proteins bonding to DNA is very important for initiation of transcription. Any other protein does not have the capacity of band formation with DNA. Hence, A. the DNA-bending function of TBP cannot be performed by another protein in the general transcription factor complex.

Answer:

answer is in the image below

Explanation:

Answer:

The correct answer is E) A substance that blocked sodium ions from binding to the cotransport protein would also block the transport of glucose.

Explanation:

Cotransport means that one molecule is being transported through the membrane while another molecule is transported with that energy by the same transporter. Therefore if one substance is blocking the sodium ions from binding to the protein, therefore the glucose couldn't be transported either.