What are five characteristics of a group on the periodic table?

In a 1.0× 10–2 M solution of NH4ClO4(aq), the relative molar amounts of NH4+, ClO4-, and NH4ClO4 are 1:1:1.

In a 1.0× 10–2 M solution of NH4ClO4(aq), the relative molar amounts of the species can be determined by looking at the balanced chemical equation for NH4ClO4 dissolving in water.

The balanced equation is NH4ClO4(aq) → NH4+(aq) + ClO4-(aq).

From the equation, we can see that for every 1 mole of NH4ClO4, 1 mole of NH4+ and 1 mole of ClO4- are produced.

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Alkali metals have a general outermost electronic configuration of [tex] ns^{1} [/tex]

Alkali earth metals have a general outermost electronic configuration of [tex] ns^{2} [/tex]

The +1 ion of the alkali metals has a stable octet configuration of the nearest noble gas as the outermost ns electron is lost.

The +2 ion of the alkaline earth metals has a stable configuration of the nearest noble gas as the two electrons in the outermost ns shell are lost.

Final answer:

In a hydrogenation reaction, a catalyst helps transform an alkene into an alkane by lowering the activation energy and facilitating the addition of hydrogen atoms to the double bond of the alkene.

Explanation:

In a hydrogenation reaction, a catalyst is used to transform an alkene to an alkane. Catalysts speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy without being consumed in the process. Common catalysts used in hydrogenation include finely divided metals such as platinum, palladium, and nickel. The process involves the alkene being adsorbed on the surface of the catalyst, followed by the addition of hydrogen atoms to the carbons of the double bond, resulting in a saturated hydrocarbon or alkane.

Answer:

2CO2 or A

Explanation: i just got its right!

             K and I

                      Salt is a neutral compound made up of a positive cation and a negative anion joint together via an ionic bond. Also, ionic bond is formed between metals and non metals. Furthermore, if the electronegativity difference between the metal and non metal is greater than 1.7 then it will go for ionic bonding. Let us calculate the electronegativity difference between the given pair of elements and predict the ionic bond between them.

1) F and O;

               E.N of Fluorine     =  4.00

               E.N of Oxygen      =  3.50

                                              ------------

              Difference                 0.50                 (Not Ionic, No Salt Formation)

As both are non metals hence, the formation of ionic bond is not favored.

2) F and I;

               E.N of Fluorine        =  4.00

               E.N of Iodine           =  2.70

                                                ------------

              Difference                     1.30               (Not Ionic, No Salt Formation)

Again, both elements are non metals with less electronegativity difference, therefore no salt formation takes place.

3) Na and Al;

               E.N of Aluminium     =  1.60

               E.N of Sodium          =  0.90

                                                  ------------

              Difference                      0.70           (Not Ionic, No Salt Formation)

Both are metals, hence ionic bond is not formed therefore, fails to form salt.

4) K and I;

               E.N of Iodine                =  2.70

               E.N of Potassium         =  0.80

                                                      ------------

              Difference                          1.90       (Ionic, Salt Formation favored)

Potassium is a metal and Iodine is non metal also, electronegativity difference is greater than 1.7 hence, electron transfer takes place and results in the formation of ions and salt.

The functional group found in an ester is a carbonyl group with an attached second oxygen atom that is bonded to a carbonyl carbon substituent by a single bond, usually a pair of alkyl or aromatic groups. In addition, it can be shown in text as RCOOR or occasionally as ROCOR, which made them responsible in the distinctive and attractive odors and flavors of many flowers, perfumes, and ripe fruits.  

An ionic bond forms when a metal atom transfers its extra electron to a nonmetal atom, resulting in a cation and an anion that attract each other due to their opposite charges. Therefore, the correct option is: c.ionic.

An ionic bond forms when a cation transfers its extra electron to an anion that needs it. This type of bond is based on the electrostatic forces between two oppositely charged ions. Here is the step-by-step process:

For instance, in sodium chloride (NaCl), the sodium (Na) atom donates its single valence electron to the chlorine (Cl) atom. As a result, Na turns into Na⁺ (a cation), and Cl becomes Cl⁻ (an anion), forming an ionic bond.

The important steps in the process of creating a theory are the following: hypothesizing, observing, and testing.  You first conduct observation to identify problem or situation that will lead to your theory. Next step is to formulate an intelligent guess called as the hypothesis. This hypothesis will be tested if it fit to be a theory.

Answer:

Option 4.

Explanation:

Solubility may be defined as the ability of a solute to dissolve in a solvent. The maximum ability of solute to dissolve in a solvent can be measured by its solubility.

For example: alcohol ( solute) can dissolve in a solvent( water). Alcohol has high solubility for water and can easily dissolve in water.

Hence, the correct answer is option 4.

When a substance has high solubility, it readily dissolves in a solvent, resulting in a concentrated solution. The correct statement is Solubility is the ability of one substance to dissolve in another.

Solubility refers to the maximum amount of a solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent at a specific temperature and pressure. It is a measure of how well a substance can dissolve in another substance to form a homogeneous mixture called a solution.

Solubility is typically expressed in terms of the amount of solute that can dissolve in a given amount of solvent, often measured in grams per liter (g/L) or moles per liter (mol/L). It is influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, the nature of the solute and solvent, and the presence of other substances.

Therefore, the correct statement is: Solubility is the ability of one substance to dissolve in another.

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Answer: B. Temperature

Explanation:

The temperature of the star such as Sun is measured. Using this measurement, its peak wavelength and energy can be determined.

For determination of wavelength, Wien's displacement law is used. This law states that, the sun like body emits all kinds of wavelengths and thus is nearly a black body.

For black body, the peak wavelength emitted is inversely proportional to the temperature of the body. From the wavelength, energy can be calculated.

Temperature is the property which is primarily responsible for determining the type of electromagnetic energy and peak wavelength emitted by star.

Answer:

C is your answer

Explanation:

The pressure of the gas above the water when the solubility of the gas is 1.0 g/L is 0.75 atm

This states that the solubility of a gas in liquids at constant temperature is proportional to its pressure. Mathematically, it can be expressed as

S₁ / P₁ = S₂ / P₂

Where

From the question given above, the following data were obtained

S₁ / P₁ = S₂ / P₂

4 / 3 = 1 / P₂

Cross multiply

4 × P₂ = 1 × 3

4 × P₂ = 3

Divide both side by 4

P₂ = 3 / 4

P₂ = 0.75 atm

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Answer: The molarity of HCl is 0.036 M and moles of HCl is 5.76 moles.

Explanation:

[tex]n_1M_1V_1=n_2M_2V_2[/tex]

where,

[tex]n_1,M_1\text{ and }V_1[/tex] is the n-factor, molarity and volume of calcium hydroxide.

[tex]n_2,M_2\text{ and }V_2[/tex] is the n-factor, molarity and volume of hydrochloric acid.

We are given:

[tex]n_1=2\\M_1=0.120M\\V_1=24mL\\n_2=1\\M_2=?M\\V_2=160mL[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]2\times 0.120\times 24=1\times M_2\times 160\\M_2=0.036M[/tex]

[tex]\text{Molarity}=\frac{\text{Number of moles}}{\text{Volume}}[/tex]

Molarity of HCl = 0.036 mol/mL

Volume of HCl = 160 mL

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]0.036=\frac{\text{Number of moles}}{160}\\\\\text{Number of moles of HCl}=5.76mol[/tex]

Hence, the molarity of HCl is 0.036 M and moles of HCl is 5.76 moles.

The atomic number of an atom is the number of its electrons which is equal to the number of its protons. Mass number is the sum of number of protons and neutrons. Hence, substracting atomic number from mass number give us the number of neutrons.

An atom is made of subatomic particles, electrons, protons and neutrons. The protons and neutrons are located inside the nucleus and the electrons revolving around the nucleus through fixed energy levels.

In a neutral atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. This number is called the atomic number of the atom. The sum of number of neutrons and number of protons is called mass number of the atoms.

Substracting atomic number from mass number is the subtraction of number of protons from the mass number. Hence, it gives the number of neutrons. Thus, option B is correct.

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A key difference between a liquid and a gas is [tex]\boxed{{\text{a}}{\text{. motion of particles}}}[/tex] .

Further Explanation:

Matter can mainly exist in three physical states. These are solid, liquid and gas.

Solid

It is that state of matter that has a definite shape and volume. These have a regular arrangement of its constituent particles. These have the strongest intermolecular forces between their constituent particles and therefore the motion of particles in solid is almost negligible. Table salt, wood and diamond are some examples of solids.

Liquid

The state of matter with a definite volume but no particular shape is called liquid. The intermolecular forces in the liquids are weaker than that in solids and therefore the motion of particles in liquids is more as compared to that in solids. Milk, water and bromine are some examples of liquids.

Gas

This state of matter has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. These have disordered arrangement of its constituent particles. These have the weakest intermolecular forces between their constituent particles and therefore the motion of particles in a gas is the highest among all states of matter. Nitrogen, hydrogen and carbon dioxide are some examples of gases.

As intermolecular forces in liquids is more than that in gases so motion among gas particles will be more than that among liquid particles. So both these states of matter have differences in motion of their respective particles. But average kinetic energy is measured on the basis of kinetic theory of gases that is applicable only for gases. So average kinetic energy cannot be defined for liquids and therefore it cannot be compared with that of gases.

Learn more:

1. The subatomic particle with the least mass: https://brainly.com/question/2224691

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Answer details:

Grade: High School

Subject: Chemistry

Chapter: Matter in our surroundings

Keywords: liquid, gas, solid, states of matter, intermolecular forces, shape, volume, matter, strong, weakest, motion of particles.

Answer:8.59L

Explanation:

The other answer has all the right steps but the atomic mass of potassium is actually 39.098 not 19.

Final answer:

Approximately 8.58 liters of nitrogen gas are needed to react with 90.0 g of potassium to produce potassium nitride at STP, after calculating moles of potassium and its stoichiometric conversion to moles and then volume of nitrogen gas.

Explanation:

To determine how many liters of nitrogen gas are needed to react with 90.0 g of potassium to produce potassium nitride, we first need to understand the correct chemical reaction for forming potassium nitride from potassium and nitrogen gas. The reaction is as follows:

6 K(s) + N₂(g) → 2 K₃N(s)

Firstly, calculate the moles of potassium. The molar mass of potassium (K) is approximately 39.10 g/mol. Therefore, the moles of potassium in 90.0 g are calculated as:

90.0 g K × (1 mol K / 39.10 g K) = 2.30 mol K

From the balanced equation, it is clear that 6 moles of potassium react with 1 mole of nitrogen gas. Hence, the moles of nitrogen gas needed can be calculated as:

2.30 mol K × (1 mol N₂ / 6 mol K) = 0.383 mol N₂

At Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP), 1 mole of any gas occupies 22.4 liters. Therefore, the volume of nitrogen gas required at STP can be found as:

0.383 mol N₂ × 22.4 L/mol = 8.58 L N₂

Therefore, approximately 8.58 liters of nitrogen gas are needed to react with 90.0 g of potassium to produce potassium nitride at STP.

Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

It is known that value of electronegativity increases when we move from left to right in a periodic table.

Since the given atoms lithium, beryllium, boron, carbon and nitrogen are all second period elements. And the value of their electronegativity are as follows.

Lithium : 0.98

Beryllium : 1.57

Boron : 2.04

Carbon : 2.55

Nitrogen : 3.04

Thus, we can conclude that lithium has the least electronegativity.

Answer is C for plato users

7.3 × 10-2

Answer:

Conductivity

Ductility

malleability

Explanation:

There are many properties of metals which can be explained by pool-of-shared electrons or electron sea model.

a) As electrons are considered to be free like in a sea so they are able to conduct electricity easily. Thus metals are conducting in nature.

b) The bonds are random in between metal atoms and can be broken easily and can be formed easily hence as per model the metal are highly ductile and malleable in nature.