Answer:
A solution that can help to reduce noise pollution caused by things such as pile-driving is air-bubble curtain.
Explanation:
The noise pollution caused by things such as pile-driven into the soil is very high.There are many solutions to reduce this noise pollution, air-bubble curtain is one of the useful and simplest solution to reduce noise pollution.This solution is based on dynamic sub-structuring technique and modal decomposition method.The major drawback of this solution is sound absorption becomes critical, when this method is employed in smaller piles it is because of the radiated acoustic energy is concentrated at higher frequencies than the resonance frequency of the air bubble.The movement of tectonic plates in two different locations is shown below:
Two blocks labeled Location A and Location B are shown. At Location A the top layer of the block shows two horizontal arrows pointing towards each other. Small dunes are shown in the middle between the two arrows. The block labeled B has a vertical line in the middle. On the left of the line, there is an arrow pointing down. On the right of the vertical line there is an arrow pointing up
Which statement is most likely true?
Subduction may occur in both locations.
Earthquakes may occur in both locations.
Subduction may occur in Location A only and a volcanic eruption may occur in Location B only.
An earthquake may occur in Location A only and a volcanic eruption may occur in Location B only.
Question 10(Multiple Choice Worth 7 points)
Answer:
subduction may occur in location A only and a volcanic eruption may occur in Location B only
Explanation:
Answer: The magnetic orientation of rocks may change in Location A and subduction occurs in Location B.
Explanation:
1. How did Hubble determine that the Universe is expanding?
Answer:
.
Explanation:
Edwin Hubble discovered the expansion of the Universe by combining observations of galaxy distances with the redshifts seen in their spectral lines, implying their recession due to the expanding fabric of space, known as Hubble's Law.
Edwin Hubble determined that the Universe is expanding by studying the distances to galaxies and their spectral lines. He observed a correlation known as Hubble's Law, which stands for the concept that galaxies further away from us are moving away at greater speeds. When he combined measurements of distances with the observed redshifts in the spectral lines of these galaxies, he effectively applied the Doppler Effect, which suggested that these galaxies were receding from the Milky Way. The redshift of the spectral lines indicated that as the light from these galaxies travels to us, it stretches, correlating with the idea of the universe's expansion. This pattern of the galaxies' recession velocities being proportional to their distances laid the foundation for the belief in an increasing scale of space itself, akin to marks on an inflating balloon moving apart from each other. This was revolutionary in our understanding of the cosmos and laid the groundwork for modern cosmology.
Which of these statements is true?
All environmentalists are scientists.
Ecologist and environmentalist mean the same thing.
An environmentalist wishes to preserve the environment.
All scientists are ecologists.
Answer:
An environmentalist wishes to preserve the environment.
Explanation:
The Environmentalist is the professional responsible for dealing with the issues of preserving the environment and the conditions of life and existence on the planet. In short, an environmentalist wants to preserve the environment.
An Environmentalist is responsible for assessing the extent of beneficial or harmful changes to the environment caused by human activities.
It is under the responsibility of an Environmentalist to participate in studies that aim to survey the characteristics of the environment to analyze their reactions to possible changes, prepare reports on the impacts of certain activities on the environment, propose, program and monitor measures or actions preservation of the environment in urban and rural areas, monitors water, air and soil quality, seeks to control the impact that activities and works will have on the environment, prepares land use plans and reports on environmental impacts , offers advice to companies, public bodies for the preservation of the environment, creates projects to restore areas degraded by industrial, agricultural and mineral extraction activities, with sustainable development projects.
A potted geranium sits in a windowsill absorbing sunlight. How does a root cell (which is not exposed to light) obtain energy to do cellular work such as active transport across its membrane?
options:
ATP is made in the leaves via photosynthesis and moved to the root.
Sugar is made in the leaves via photosynthesis and moved to the root.
The root cell makes ATP by cellular respiration using material absorbed from the soil.
The root cell makes sugar using the dark reactions (Calvin cycle) of photosynthesis.
Explanation:
Sugar is made in the leaves via photosynthesis and moved to the root.
Sugars made in the leaves via photosynthesis are stored elsewhere and transported to the root system. They are then available for respiration and oxidative phosphorylation which do not require light energy. The
Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen (from the light reaction) is released.
Further Explanation:
Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes glucose along with oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’s cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycolysis). Oxidative phosphorylation describes a process in which the NADH and FADH2 made in previous steps of respiration process give up electrons in the electron transport chain these are converted it to their previous forms, NADH+ and FAD. Electrons continue to move down the chain and the energy they release is used in pumping H+ to produce ATP from ATP synthase. At the end of the ETC molecules of oxygen accept electrons and protons to form molecules of water.
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Root cells in geraniums get energy from sugars translocated from the leaves where photosynthesis occurs. The sugars are used in cellular respiration to produce ATP which powers cellular functions like active transport.
The root cell in a geranium obtains energy to do cellular work such as active transport across its membrane by using ATP that is produced elsewhere in the plant. In this case, the leaves are responsible for photosynthesis, where light energy is captured and used to convert carbon dioxide and water into sugars, such as glucose and sucrose. These sugars are then translocated from the leaves to the root cells where they can be broken down during cellular respiration to produce ATP, which powers various cellular activities, including active transport.
This process of energy distribution within the plant from the site of photosynthesis (the leaves) to other parts of the plant (like the root cells) is an example of translocation. During translocation, photosynthates such as sucrose, move from the photosynthesizing mesophyll cells through plasmodesmata into sieve-tube elements in the phloem. The energy created by breaking down these sugars through cellular respiration is essential for root cells to function properly, especially since they are not exposed to light and cannot perform photosynthesis themselves.
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What happens if a cell cannot produce the enzyme necessary for a specific metabolic reaction?
Answer:
that reaction will slow down or stop depending on the activation energy or requirements of the reaction
Explanation:
Without the necessary enzyme, the cell's metabolic pathways are disrupted. Enzymes act as catalysts to facilitate important reactions in the body, and a deficiency can be potentially harmful.
Explanation:If a cell cannot produce the necessary enzyme for a specific metabolic reaction, the metabolic pathway will become disrupted. Enzymes are vital as they act as catalysts, increasing the rate at which reactions occur in the body. Without the presence of these enzymes, certain reactions would not take place at a sufficient pace to keep the cell alive. Therefore, a deficiency in necessary enzymes can cause illness or even death.
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1. Describe the general trend of human population growth that has occurred over time.
2. What factors explain why populations in different countries grow at different rates
3. What is Demography
4. Describe the demographic transition and explain how it might affect a country’s population growth rate.
5. Why do you think age-structure diagrams can help predict future population trends?
1. The general trend of human population growth is that the growth rate of population is increasing over the years .
2. Countries of the world differ in birth rates, death rates and age structure of population and this factor explains why population in different countries grow at different rates.
3. Demography is the study of human population in terms of births, deaths etc is called demography.
4. Demographic transition is the shift from high birth and death rates to high birth and low death rates and finally to low birth and death rates. Demographic transition reduces the rate of population growth of a country.
5. Age structure diagram contains data about individuals who belong to the younger age group. Once they become mature they will contribute to population growth and thus studying the age structure gives an idea the trends of future population growth.
1. The general trend of human population growth that has occurred over time is Growth rate.
2. The factors that explains the populations in different countries grow at different rates is Birth rates, Death rate and Age structure of population.
3. Demography is the Study of human population.
4. The demographic transition shift from high birth and death rates.
5. The age-structure diagrams can help predict future population trends helps youthful age bunch.
"Human population"Answer 1:
The general trend of human population growth is that the growth rate of population is increasing over the years .
Answer 2:
The factors that explains the populations in different countries grow at different rates is :
Birth rates
Death rates
Age structure of population.
Answer 3:
The Demography is the study of human population in terms of births, deaths etc.
Answer 4:
Demographic transition is the move from high birth and passing rates to high birth and moo passing rates and at long last to moo birth and passing rates.
Demographic transition diminishes the rate of populace development of a nation.
Answer 5:
Age structure chart contains information almost people who have a place to the more youthful age bunch.
Once they ended up develop they will contribute to populace development and hence examining the age structure gives an thought the patterns of future populace growth.
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Which of these is a supporting service - a service on which ecosystems
depend?
O
A. Providing building materials
O
B. Raising livestock
O
C. Recycling nutrients
O
D. Providing national parks
Answer:
The correct option is C. Recycling nutrients
Explanation:
The nature benefits the humans in numerous ways. The benefits which the environment and all the natural ecosystems present have on humans is termed as ecosystem services. For example, the forest ecosystem is a natural ecosystem that benefits humans in numerous ways including the provision of wood for making houses etc.
Supporting services can be described as an ecosystem service by which essential components or services are continuously provided by the natural ecosystems to the humans. For example, recycling of nutrients.
Answer:
C C C C C C C C C C C C
Explanation:
What evidence did Darwin use to support his theory of evolution? Check all that apply.
Answer:
The correct answers are: B, C and D.
Explanation:
(B) Darwin, which focused on the appearance of new species as substitutes for extinct species of the same natural group, making the comparison of fossil and modern specimens of the same natural group.
(C) Birds that are known as "Darwin's finches", For example, there were three or four distinct "varieties" or species of finches on the different islands. The most important differences between the species are in the size and shape of the beak.
He saw the slightly different forms of finches and turtles on different islands as early stages in the development of new species from common ancestors.
(D) He did observe that on the islands there are different forms of animals that would otherwise be similar. Their attention was also directed to the differences in the shapes of the giant tortoise shells, with each island in a slightly different form.
The replacement of extinct species by modern ones, as in the case of giant armadillos and sloths, the micro-version of the same geographic replacement patterns in different islands in a chain, finches and turtles.
what is the outer boundary of the cell in an Animal cell
Answer: cell membrane
Explanation:
Final answer:
The outer boundary of an animal cell is the cell membrane, which acts as a protective barrier and regulates the movement of materials.
Explanation:
The outer boundary of an animal cell is the cell membrane or plasma membrane. It is a thin layer of lipids that surrounds the cell and acts as a protective barrier. The cell membrane regulates what materials can enter and leave the cell.
How do fertilizer requirements change when a crop leaves the vegetative stage and enters the flowering stage?
a) Less nitrogen and more phosphorus is required.
Less nitrogen and more potassium is required.
C)More nitrogen and less phosphorus is required.
More oxygen and less potassium is required.
Answer:
A: Less nitrogen and more phosphorus is required.
Fertilizer requirements changes in the above manner when a crop leaves the vegetative stage and enters the flowering stage.
Explanation:
The vegetative stage is the one when plant starts growing after germination. Plant develops foliage and flourishes. The process of photosynthesis is carried out, and collect different types of resources like CO2, nutrients, and lighting. These are needed during reproduction and flowering. Plants are more delicate at this stage than in the flowering stage.
The final phase of the plant growth is the reproductive stage or the flowering stage. The focus is the production of flowers, fruits, and seeds at this stage. Nitrogen is not at all required at this stage and plant needs other nutrients like Potassium and phosphorus at this stage.
Which statement best describes this role of plastids in the plant cell
Answer:
Option B
Explanation:
Plastids is otherwise known as the chloroplasts.
The chloroplast contain chlorophyll pigments which convert light energy from the sun into glucose (chemical energy) during photosynthesis.
8. Create a Punnett square to solve the following monohybrid cross Patty is homozycous dominant for freckles (55),
while Charlie is homozygous for no freckles (ss).
a. What is the genotype of the potential offspring?
b. What is the probability their children having no freckles?
Answer:
A Punnett square for the following monohybrid cross can be shown as follows:
s s
S Ss Ss
S Ss Ss
a) The genotype of the potential offspring will be Ss, they will be heterozygous dominant.
b) There is a zero% probability that the offspring will have no freckles. As one of the parents was homozygous dominant for the freckles, hence all of the offsprings will have freckles.
What is the speed of a golf ball that moves 35 meters in 5 seconds
35 meters per second
B. 17 meters per second
c. 7 meters per second
D. 5 meters per second
Answer:
C IS THE ANWSER
Explanation:
COUNT BY 7'S
What part of the blood closes a wound?
A. Plasma
B. Hemoglobin
c. Platelet
D. Capillary
The part of the blood that closes a wound is platelet and the correct option is option C.
Platelets are small, disk-shaped blood cells that play a crucial role in the clotting process. When a wound occurs and blood vessels are damaged, platelets are immediately activated and form a clot to close the wound and prevent excessive bleeding.
The process begins with platelets adhering to the exposed collagen fibers of the damaged blood vessel walls. This adhesion is facilitated by specific receptors on the platelet surface. Once adhered, platelets undergo a series of changes, releasing chemical signals that attract more platelets to the site of injury.
As platelets aggregate, they form a plug that seals the damaged blood vessel. In addition to their adhesive and aggregating properties, platelets release clotting factors, such as thromboxane and fibrinogen, which promote the formation of a fibrin meshwork. The fibrin meshwork strengthens the platelet plug and traps red blood cells, creating a stable blood clot.
Thus, the ideal selection is option C.
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What type of rock is pictured here?
Answer:
intrusive
Explanation:
The type of rock that is pictured here is intrusive rock
What is intrusive rock?Igneous rock known as intrusive rock, sometimes known as plutonic rock, is created when magma is driven into older rocks at a depth in the Earth's crust. The resulting rock slowly hardens below the surface of the Earth, however erosion may eventually expose it. Numerous types of rocks are formed by igneous intrusions.
See extrusive rock as well. Magma that has permeated pre-existing rock and crystallized and solidified underground can create intrusions like volcanic necks, sills, batholiths, and laccoliths. One of the two ways igneous rock can develop is by intrusion. Extrusion, like that of a volcanic eruption or other similar event, is the other.
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In labrador retrievers some puppies have pink nose and some have black labrador retrievers with black for almost always have black noses what type of inheritance pattern is this explain how this is possible?
Answer:
Complete dominance.
Explanation:
In complete dominance, the two alleles interact in such a way that in heterozygosis the expression of one of them is phenotypically "visible" (the dominant), while the other is hidden (recessive). The heterozygote is phenotypically identical and indistinguishable from the dominant homozygote.
There are two pairs of better known genes that control the color of the Labrador's coat. The "B" gene is dominant and responsible for the black coat color, the "b" gene is recessive and responsible for the chocolate coat color. The "e" gene is responsible for the color of the yellow coat, and for this reason it must always appear homozygous (ee), which will inhibit the expression of the other gene pair. So the possible genotypes for the black coat are the following BBEE, BBEe, BbEE, BbEe, the possible genotypes for the chocolate coat are bbEE, bbEe, and the genotypes for the yellow coat are BBee, Bbee, bbee. So if the mating is done with two double heterozygous animals (BbEe) you can have puppies of the three coat colors in the litter.
However, if complete dominance occurs, the puppies will be black with a black face, because the gene for these characteristics is dominant. In that case, there was complete dominance.
Organic compounds are used as building blocks for?
Organic compounds, including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides, are the building blocks for living organisms and many artificial materials. They are created from monomers which bond to create polymers, resulting in a vast array of complex structures, like in plastics and soaps.
Explanation:Organic compounds, those that contain both carbon and hydrogen, are vital to life and are used as the building blocks for numerous substances. They include carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleotides. Monomers are the single units of these compounds, which bond to form polymers.
These organic compounds, thanks to the ability of carbon atoms to form strong bonds with other elements, give rise to a vast variety and number of compounds. These are not only found in biological settings but also form the basis for many industrial products like plastics, soaps, and pharmaceuticals.
There are approximately 10 million recorded organic compounds, a huge number that is a result of the ability of carbon atoms to form up to four strong bonds with other carbon atoms, resulting in complex chains and rings of many different sizes and shapes.
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Which characteristic is shared by all arthropods?
A jointed legs
B gills
C endoskeleton
D calcified hard shell
Answer:
Jointed legs
Explanation:
Members of the phylum arthropoda have jointed appendages hence the name arthropoda. They posses many paired appendages which are specialized for various functions. The jointed legs are used mainly for locomotion.
Answer:
jointed legs
Explanation:
My answer isn't as good as the other but i still like to participate.
A. A human skin cell is an example of
this type of cell
Answer: the keratinocyte cell
What do we call the parameters of the area of a population when we are organizing the biosphere
Final answer:
In ecology, the areas concerning a population within the biosphere are defined as a population, community, ecosystem, and biome, which together encompass all zones of life on Earth.
Explanation:
Within the study of ecology, the parameters of the area of a population when organizing the biosphere relate to different concepts like population, community, ecosystem, and biome. All the individuals of a species living within a specific area are referred to as a population. The combination of different populations in an area makes up a community. Together, this community and the nonliving (abiotic) components of the environment such as water, soil, and sunlight constitute an ecosystem. A group of similar ecosystems make up a biome, and the biosphere is the sum of all biomes, representing all the zones of life on Earth.
Which of the following is under voluntary control?
HERE
O External urethral sphincter
CA
HE
O Renal pelvis
O Ureters
Internal urethral sphincter
Urinary bladder
Answer: The EUS is under voluntary control.
Explanation: Unlike the IUS, the EUS is composed of skeletal muscle; therefore, it is voluntarily controlled through the somatic nervous system
The external urethral sphincter is under voluntary control as it allows individuals to decide when to urinate, unlike other parts of the renal system.
Explanation:The external urethral sphincter is under voluntary control. The external urethral sphincter is a ring of muscle that helps to control the flow of urine. It can be consciously controlled to initiate or stop the process of urination. Unlike the internal sphincter that operates involuntarily, the external urethral sphincter allows individuals to decide when to urinate making it voluntary.
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Which of the following is a natural cause of carbon increases and decreases?
Question 2 options:
clearing of land for new development
collecting and burning natural gas
plant growth related to weather
water usage related to fires
The natural cause of carbon increases and decreases is plant growth related to weather, which is influenced by natural weather patterns affecting the carbon cycle. In contrast, human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation are major contributors to the rising levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. Hence, the correct option is c.
The natural cause of carbon increases and decreases referred to in the question is plant growth related to weather. This process is part of the carbon cycle, where plants absorb carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere during photosynthesis, which decreases atmospheric carbon levels. Conversely, when plants die and decompose, or when they are consumed by animals, the carbon is eventually released back into the atmosphere, leading to an increase in carbon levels. Natural factors such as weather can influence plant growth significantly, causing fluctuations in carbon uptake and release.
On the other hand, human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement production are among the major contributors to the increase in greenhouse gas levels, particularly CO2. These activities disrupt the natural carbon cycle and have been linked to global climate change. Slash-and-burn agriculture, and the clearing of land for new development, are examples of human activities that directly contribute to the increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.
What does not happen during interface II that does happen in interphase I?
Answer and Explanation:
Interphase is the longest stage of the cell cycle and can be divided into 3 phases: G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase. The newly formed cell matures during the G1 phase. If the cell is going to divide, it enters the S (synthesis) phase where the DNA is replicated and the G2 phase where more growth occurs. The cells undergoing meiosis have only one interphase. After telophase I the cell enters into prophase II without having interphase II.
9. A spaceship takes off in Houston, Texas headed for the planet Mars. List the four layers of
Earth's atmosphere through which it will move, in order beginning with the closest layer.
Answer:
Earth's atmosphere is divided into five main layers: the exosphere, the thermosphere, the mesosphere, the stratosphere and the troposphere.
Explanation:
A spaceship departing from Houston, Texas, to Mars will move through the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, and thermosphere, in that order, before entering the exosphere and finally leaving Earth's atmosphere.
The spaceship launched from Houston, Texas, aiming for Mars will pass through four main layers of Earth's atmosphere. These layers are distinct in terms of their composition and physical properties as the spaceship ascends from the Earth's surface into space.
Troposphere: The first layer above the Earth's surface where weather phenomena occur, extending up to about 8 to 15 kilometers.Stratosphere: This layer is above the troposphere, reaching up to about 50 kilometers. It contains the ozone layer, which absorbs and scatters the solar ultraviolet radiation.Mesosphere: The third layer extends from the stratosphere up to about 80 kilometers. Here, the temperature decreases with height, and it's where meteors burn up upon entering Earth's atmosphere.Thermosphere: The fourth layer, starting from about 80 kilometers and extending into space. The temperature increases with height due to the absorption of highly energetic solar radiation.After exiting the thermosphere, the spaceship will transition through the exosphere, where the Earth's atmosphere merges into interplanetary space. Each layer presents unique challenges and phenomena as the spaceship ascends, providing a fascinating journey from the Earth to the cosmos.
How do the particles move in active transport?
In active transport particles move by making use of energy in the form of ATP.
Explanation:
Unlike in passive transport particles have to move against the concentration gradient in active transport. Thus particles require energy to do so and this energy is in the form of ATP. Osmosis and simple diffusion are examples of passive transport where substances move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration.
This movement is down the concentration gradient. In active transport particles move from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration which is against the concentration gradient. Active transport is of two types.
In the first type called primary active transport energy is directly used in the form of ATP. In the second type called secondary active transport an electrochemical gradient created by ATP is used to facilitate the transport.
What is the average speed of the car after 3 seconds? A. 5 m/s
B. 3 m/s
C. 15 m/s
D. 30 m/s
Answer:
15 m/s
Explanation:
you're just going to follow the steps that were given on the paper...... you look at the time and then you look where the line falls/ pass
The average speed of the car 5m/s
The parameters given in the question are;
distance= 15
time= 3 seconds
Average speed= distance/time
= 15/3
= 5
Hence the average speed is 5 m/s
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Which factors are typically used to determine the range of healthy body weight? pulse divided by waist girth
ratio of waist to hips
ratio of height to weight
skinfold measurements
A range of healthy body weight relies on a variety of factors including the ratio of height to weight (BMI), skinfold measurements (body fat percentage), and ratio of waist to hips (fat distribution measurement).
Explanation:The factors typically used to determine the range of a healthy body weight include the ratio of height to weight, skinfold measurements, and the ratio of waist to hips.
The ratio of height to weight is also known as Body Mass Index (BMI). It is a useful measure to check if your weight is in a healthy range for your height. This is calculated by dividing your weight in kilograms by the square of your height in meters.
Skinfold measurements are taken to measure body fat percentage. Fat is pinched and measured using calipers at various parts of the body, and a formula is used to calculate body fat percentage.
The ratio of waist to hips or waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a measurement of fat distribution. It helps to identify if more fats are stored around your waist or hips, which could raise your risk for some health problems.
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7. During translation, what pairs up with the mRNA codons?
Answer:
During translation tRNA containing the anticodon sequence combine with the mRNA codon
Explanation:
During translation, mRNA codons pair up with tRNA (transfer RNA) molecules' complementary anticodons.
DNA translationSpecific amino acids are carried by tRNA molecules, which also have an anticodon region that can base pair with the associated mRNA codon. The three-nucleotide sequence known as a triplet code, or mRNA codon, specifies an amino acid or marks the completion of translation.
Each mRNA codon is paired with a particular tRNA anticodon, allowing the right amino acid to be delivered to the ribosome's developing polypeptide chain.
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Two processes form a cycle when the output from one process is the input for the other process, and vice-versa. Explain why respiration and photosynthesis form a cycle. Refer to specific types of molecules in your answer.
Explanation:
Photosynthesis produces glucose and O2 from inorganic CO2, light energy and water.
6CO2 + 6H20 + (energy) → C6H12O6 + 6O2
These end products, namely O2 and glucose are then used in respiration...
C6H12O6 (glucose) + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ≈38 ATP
The CO2 and H2O produced as waste in respiration can then be incorporated at the beginning of photosynthesis. Thus the reactions are cyclic- they feed into each other.
Further Explanation:
Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside.
Occuring in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II.
Additionally,
water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent; it reduces the molecule NADP to NADPH by providing H+ ions and produces molecules of the energy storage molecule ATP through an electron transport chain. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside. Later, in dark reactions, NADP and NADPH are used in the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules. These store energy in their bonds, which can be released in respiration in the mitochondria.In all eukaryotic cells mitochondria are small cellular organelles bound by membranes, these make most of the chemical energy required for powering the biochemical reactions within the cell. This chemical energy is stored within the molecule ATP which is produced. Respiration in the mitochondria utilizes oxygen for the production of ATP in the Krebs’s cycle via the oxidization of pyruvate( through the process of glycoysis). The electron transport chain, in which oxygen functions as the terminal electron acceptor occurs in both plants and animals.
Glycolysis: occurs in the cytoplasm 2 molecules of ATP are used to cleave glucose into 2 pyruvates, 4 ATP and 2 electron carrying NADH molecules. The Kreb's cycle: in the mitochondrial matrix- 6 molecules of CO2 are produced by combining oxygen and the carbon within pyruvate, 2 ATP oxygen molecules, 8 NADH and 2 FADH2. The electron transport chain, ETC: in the inner mitochondrial membrane, 34 ATP, electrons combine with H+ split from 10 NADH, 4 FADH2, renewing the number of electron acceptors and 3 oxygen; this forms 6 H2O, 10 NAD+, 4 FAD.Learn more about photosynthesis at brainly.com/question/4216541
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How are hydrogen ions (H+) essential for the production of ATP.
Answer:
it provides energy for conversion of ADP to ATP by ATP synthase. Anabolic pathways store energy by building molecules
Explanation:
Catabolic pathways release energy by breaking down molecules. ... Hydrogen ion generation is essential for ATP production because it provides energy for conversion of ADP to ATP by ATP synthase.
Hydrogen ions (H⁺) are essential for ATP production through chemiosmosis. The concentration gradient of hydrogen ions drives their movement through ATP synthase, resulting in the formation of ATP.
Explanation:Hydrogen ions (H⁺) are essential for the production of ATP through a process called chemiosmosis. The buildup of hydrogen ions in the intermembrane space or thylakoid lumen creates a concentration gradient.
Hydrogen ions, which are also known as protons, undergo a crucial process as they diffuse through ATP synthase, a highly specialized protein channel. This diffusion occurs along their electrochemical gradient, driven by the difference in concentration and electrical charge across the membrane.
ATP synthase, acting as a molecular turbine, harnesses the energy generated by the proton flow to catalyze the binding of a third phosphate group to adenosine diphosphate (ADP). Consequently, this chemical reaction results in the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the primary energy currency of cells and plays a pivotal role in various cellular processes.
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