What are the strengths and limitations of this model?

Answer:  

D. The griffin has no role in biology, because it is not real.

Explanation:

Science focuses solely on the natural world.

Answer:

No role

Explanation:

Griffin has no role in in the science of biology because it is considered as an mythical creature with absurd body structure. Its body consisted of head of an eagle and the remaining body like a lion. Also the researches conducted could not establish any link or relation between Griffin or any other organism on the planet.

In lack of adequate evidences , no evolutionary linkages could be found for Griffin and hence, it is now considered as an organism of no use to biology.

For the given sentences, the appropriate terms to be included are as follows :

The 3D representation of a protein is represented by a space filling model, in which the atoms are shown as spheres.

The ribbon model, which is utilized for 3D presentation and uses distinct colour codes for different protein components, aids in understanding the fundamental components of protein structure.

A 3D image created using computer graphics is a wireframe model. When we simply want to investigate the functions of a protein and not its structure, a basic shape diagram is sufficient.

When examining a protein's structure and functions, a simplified diagram is employed.

Various models are suited in various setting and therefore, the terms that best fit in the statement are space-filling model, simplified model, ribbon model, simple shape model, wireframe model respectively.

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Answer:

B.carries and allows expression of a foreign gene of interest.

Explanation:

Plasmids are the low molecular weight extrachromosomal DNA molecules that are able to replicate themselves independent of chromosomal DNA due to the presence of "ori" (origin of replication).

Plasmids serve as vectors in recombinant DNA technology as some of their genes can be replaced with the gene of interest to create recombinant plasmids.

The restriction enzymes that create the sticky ends and DNA ligases facilitate the insertion of the foreign gene into the plasmids.

The host cells are made competent to take up the recombinant plasmids. Once inside the host cell, the recombinant plasmids replicate themselves and express the gene of interest that they carry.

A recombinant plasmid created during a recombinant DNA experiment is a plasmid that carries and allows expression of a foreign gene of interest. It is introduced into a bacterial host where it replicates and produces the desired protein.

A recombinant plasmid created during a recombinant DNA experiment is a plasmid (also called a vector) that carries and allows expression of a foreign gene of interest. It is created artificially by inserting foreign DNA into a plasmid, which is a small circular DNA molecule that replicates independently of the chromosomal DNA in bacteria. This recombinant plasmid is then introduced into a bacterial host for replication, allowing for the production of the desired protein.

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Water is crucial for plants as it is involved in dehydration synthesis, where it is a byproduct, and hydrolysis, where it breaks bonds between molecules.

Dehydration synthesis involves the formation of new bonds between molecules and requires energy, creating water as a byproduct. Conversely, hydrolysis reactions use water to break bonds between molecules, releasing energy in the process.

During photosynthesis, water molecules are split in a process known as photolysis. This step is critical as it generates the hydrogen necessary for the synthesis of glucose, which plants use as an energy source. Meanwhile, the oxygen produced during photolysis is released into the atmosphere, contributing to the oxygen we breathe.

Moreover, water is essential in maintaining plant turgor, which gives the plant structure and enables growth. Water also serves as a medium for transporting vital minerals and nutrients from the roots throughout the plant, further demonstrating its key role in plant physiology. Lastly, through the process of transpiration, excess water vapor is released, which not only aids in nutrient transport but also helps to regulate temperature within the plant.

Answer:

Phosphoglyceride.

Explanation:

The cell membrane or plasma membrane is made up of lipid bilayer and proteins may be inserted or spans the membrane bilayer. The carbohydrate moieties are also present in association with lipids and proteins.

The phosphoglycerides are the most class of phospholipid present in plasma membrane. The phosphoglycerides consists of lipid bilayer linked with the hydroxyl group and the phosphate group is attached with the polar head group. The phosphate group attaches with the third carbon atom of the glycerol.

Thus, the correct answer is option (1).

Answer:

Not using control cases and testing his hypothesis only on one pacient, himself. Not creating or using a method that allowed him to measure the results.

Explanation:

During the investigation Alon had a few methodological flaws. First of all, he based a hypothesis over only one case, his own. He should have tested the product on different pacients under similar circumstances, the more the merrier. Moreover, it is not recommended that the investigator tests the hypothesis on himself, since he can lose perspective.

Second of all, he did not use control cases. This means he should have given placebo pills (pills with no medical effect at all) to a group of pacients without them knowing. Doing this helps eliminating the psicologycal factor of the equation, since pacients have proven to get better, in some cases, just because they thought the medicine would heal them, and not because of the drug itself.  

Also, he came to a conclusion based on how anxious and worried he felt after the treatment, but expresses the results with words such as "much more". In this case he should have created and/or used a method to measure the change in anxiety and how much the pacient worried. For example, before starting the test he could have rated his anxiety level from 1 to 10, and then, done the same thing during and after the treatment was over. By doing this he creates data that can be numerically processed and makes the human subjectivity factor smaller.

Answer:

Autonomic

Explanation:

The autonomic nervous system is responsible for control and regulation of unconscious body functions. It is constantly working even if we don't realize it, unlike the somatic nervous system, which is associated to voluntary actions such as movement via skeletal muscles.

Answer:

Option (2).

Explanation:

Hemoglobin may be defined as red color pigment present in the red blood cells. The main function of hemoglobin is the transport of oxygen molecules in the body.

Various factors can affect the binding of oxygen with hemoglobin. The higher the partial pressure of oxygen, more oxygen will bind to the hemoglobin and transport faster in the blood. Low partial pressure decreases the binding affinity of oxygen with hemoglobin. All other factors mentioned in the questions are correct.

Thus, the correct answer is option (b).

Answer:

Sickle cell anemia

Explanation:

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin. Under low-oxygen conditions, the abnormal beta chains link together and form stiff rods that alter the shape of the RBCs.

a) Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin. Under low-oxygen conditions, the abnormal beta chains link together and form stiff rods that alter the shape of the RBCs.. This causes blockages and various health issues. Thalassemia, polycythemia, and leukopenia are different blood disorders.

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a genetic mutation that results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin. This mutation occurs in the hemoglobin-beta gene on chromosome 11. The abnormal hemoglobin, referred to as hemoglobin S, causes red blood cells (RBCs) to change shape under low-oxygen conditions, forming stiff rods inside the RBCs. This deformation makes the cells assume a sickle shape, leading to blockages in blood vessels and resulting in various health complications.

complete question:

__________ is caused by a genetic mutation that results in the production of abnormal hemoglobin. Under low-oxygen conditions, the abnormal beta chains link together and form stiff rods that alter the shape of the RBCs.

sickle

cell anemia

thalassemia

polycythemia

Leukopenia

Answer:

Pancreas

Explanation:

The pancreas manufactures by the islets that manufactures glucagon, is in charge of produce insuline that is responsible for synthesizing glucose

Answer:

B. It provides the code for the protein

Explanation:

Remember that mRNA stands for Messenger RNA.

The role of mRNA during translation is it provides the code for the protein. (Option B).

During translation, the role of mRNA (messenger RNA) is to provide the genetic code that determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein.

The genetic code is carried in the form of codons, which are three-nucleotide sequences on the mRNA molecule. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid or a termination signal.

The ribosomes, the molecular machines responsible for protein synthesis, read the mRNA sequence and use it as a template to assemble the correct sequence of amino acids in the growing polypeptide chain.

This process continues until a stop codon is reached, signaling the termination of protein synthesis.

So option B is the correct answer.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

"The principle of independent assortment" is the one principle among the following choices given in the question that is indicative of this statement. The correct option among all the options that are given in the question is the first option. I hope that the answer has actually come to your great help.

Answer:

frequency of d allele = 0.635

Explanation:

If p = frequency of dominant allele and q= frequency of recessive allele

According to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium:

p + q =1 and p² + 2pq + q² = 1

where p² = frequency of homozygous dominant genotype

q²= frequency of homozygous recessive genotype

and 2pq= frequency of heterozygous genotype

Here,

q² = d² = 131/325= 0.403

so q= d= √0.40 = 0.6348 = 0.635

Hence frequency of d allele = 0.635

Final answer:

The frequency of the recessive allele (d) in a population of cats that is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is calculated using the number of cats with dilute color. Out of 325 cats, 131 have dilute color, which are homozygous recessive (dd). Using this number, the frequency of the d allele is found to be approximately 0.635.

Explanation:

To calculate the frequency of the d allele in a population of cats in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, we can use the observed phenotypes to infer genotypic frequencies. In Hardy–Weinberg, the frequency of the genotypes should be p2 for DD, 2pq for Dd, and q2 for dd, where p is the frequency of the dominant allele (D) and q is the frequency of the recessive allele (d).

Since we have 194 cats with full color and 131 with dilute color, we know that 131 cats are homozygous recessive (dd). The frequency of the homozygous recessive genotype (q2) can be calculated as 131/325. To find the frequency of the recessive allele (q), we take the square root of q2.

Calculations:

Using three decimal places, the frequency of the d allele (q) is approximately 0.635.

Answer:

The correct answers are - "restricted", "small" and "narrow" in the order of blanks.

Explanation:

Extinct animals or species are the species that are no longer present on the earth or in other words no longer living. It includes all different types and times of animals and species such as gigantic prehistoric species like dinosaurs and mammoth or very modern animals or species like Dodo.

The chances of being extinct can be increased by all different reasons and conditions, the restricted geological range is one of them here geological range refers to the geological area or boundary for a spatial species that it does not occur outside of this boundary.

Another condition is a smaller local population size which decreases the probability of survival of a particular species. Habitat tolerance is another essential condition which describes the tolerance the conditions of a particular area are tolerable for a species or not.

Thus, the correct answers are - "restricted", "small" and "narrow" in the order of blanks.

Answer:

The change leads to increased protein stability because of an increased number of S-S bonds in the tertiary structure of protein.

Explanation:

Disulfide bond:

This is the bond in which sulfur of one amino acid forms a covalent bond with the sulfur of another amino acid.

Proteins contain normally two amino acids which have sulfur in their structure these are Methionine and cysteine

Disulfide bridges formation:

The disulfide bridges are formed by the oxidation of cysteine with the sulfhydryl groups. These bridges are important in the stabilization of the protein tertiary structure. These disulfide bridges are also responsible for bringing the hydrogen bonds closer in two parts of a chain.

Best Choice:

The change leads to increased protein stability because of an increased number of S-S bonds in the tertiary structure of a protein.

Answer:

A) The pollen grains will be pure red.

Explanation:

Plants have alternation of generations, this means that there are two different stages in their life-cycle: a sexual haploid (n) phase and an asexual diploid phase (2n). These phases occur in different individuals, so there is an haploid plant called gametophyte that carries gametes and after fecundation, it will rise a diploid sporophyte (asexual).  

In seed plants, the sporophyte is the plant that we normally see, and the gametophyte is reduced into an organ of the sporophyte. The male gametophyte is the pollen that is produced in the sporangium in anthers (parts of sporophyte).  When a pollen grain fecundes a female gametophyte (egg), it will produce a diploid embryo or new sporophyte.

Therefore, if the researcher exposes pollen to both stains, these grain will stain red, because red stain identifies gametophyte tissue.

Pollen grains will have red interiors and blue exteriors after being exposed to two stains that differentiate sporophyte tissue (blue) and gametophyte tissue (red).

C is correct

When a researcher exposes pollen grains to two different stains where one stains sporophyte tissue blue and the other stains gametophyte tissue red, and then rinses away the excess stain, the observed outcome should be that the pollen grains will have red interiors and blue exteriors.

This is because pollen grains are part of the gametophyte generation of the plant lifecycle, thus the interior containing the generative cell which is responsible for the next generation of gametes will stain red. However, pollen grains are also contained within the larger sporophyte structure of the seed plant, where the surrounding tissues are part of the sporophyte generation and will thus stain blue.

Answer: a. Intervention study

Explanation:

In an interventional research study the participants receive an intervention as they are given a new item or commodity to use and the results of use are evaluated on the basis of change made by the commodity on the participant. Such studies are used for the purpose of clinical trails.  

The given research design is the example of interventional study. As the margarine is a new commodity the ingredients of which are claimed to lower down the blood cholesterol levels which can tested by comparing the cholesterol levels in people.

Answer: Both (b) and (c).

Explanation: A buffer solution is a solution that prevents changes in pH. These solutions are composed of a weak acid and its conjugated base, for example CH3COOH (acetic acid) and CH3COO− (acetate ion), or a weak base and its conjugated acid, for example NH 3 (Ammonia) and NH4+ (ammonium ion). Buffer solutions are very important in biological systems since they can mantain the right pH in blood or inside the cell, so they can function correctly.

Answer: Option B. are able to drift about in the plasma membrane.

Explanation:

Membrane phospholipid are having a amphiphilic structure which contains a hydrophilic "head" consisting of a phosphate group and two hydrophobic fatty acid "tails" that are connected to a glycerol molecule.

In contact with water, membrane phospholipid hydrophobic tail avoid interaction with water molecules and allow to drift about in the plasma membrane. the hydrophilic heads line up against each other and forms lipid bi-layer that faces towards water.

The movement of membrane phospholipid forms the fluid mosaic model,in which lipid molecules act as solvent and proteins embedded in it. This allows the proteins and lipid to move across plasma membrane.

Hence, The structural property of membrane phospholipid makes them able to drift about in the plasma membrane

Answer:The correct reason is that the bacteria must amend themselves to the content of the nutrient in the novel medium, has to produce essential amino acids, growth factors, and other enzymes in order to survive.

In the field of microbiology, to inoculate means basically to present or insert one substance into another. For example, one could inoculate a culture of bacteria with some kind of chemical constituent, or it can be said that one introduces the chemical compound into the culture of the bacteria.

Explanation:

Answer:

b. In all studied locations, the woodland star rarely aborted flower capsules that contained moth eggs, compared to capsules that had no moth eggs

Explanation:

According to the given information, the moth is the sole pollinator of the woodland star in some locations while the same plant species have alternative pollinators. This means that the plant is not completely dependent on the moth species while the moth is completely dependent on the woodland star as its host.

In the presence of alternative pollinators, the woodland star plants have evolved the mechanisms to abort the flower capsule having the eggs of the moth. This is because the larvae of moth adversely affect its host by feeding on the seeds. So, when the alternative pollinators are available, the plant would not allow the eggs of the moth to develop into the harmful larvae.  

On the other hand, in the regions where the given moth species is the only pollinator of woodland star flowers, the plant bears the cost of pollination by not aborting the flower capsules with the eggs of the pollinator.  

Option (b) is NOT true about mosaic coevolution in the example provided; it inaccurately claims woodland stars rarely abort flower capsules with moth eggs in all studied locations, which contradicts the variable responses expected in mosaic coevolution based on alternative pollinators' presence.

The statement that is NOT true regarding mosaic coevolution in the example of the interaction between the herbaceous plant Lithophragma parviflorum (woodland star) and the moth Greya politella is option (b). This statement suggests that woodland stars rarely aborted flower capsules that contained moth eggs compared to capsules without moth eggs in all studied locations, which contradicts the concept of mosaic coevolution where the plant's response to the moth's egg-laying would vary depending on the presence or absence of other pollinators. In the scenario described, the woodland star has developed different responses in populations where there are alternative pollinators compared to where the moth is the sole pollinator.

In populations with alternative pollinators, the woodland star showed a tendency to selectively abort flower capsules with moth eggs, as explained in option (c). Here the costs of the relationship with the moth (the moth larvae eating the seeds) outweighed the benefits (pollination), leading to a more antagonistic interaction. Conversely, in populations where the moth was the sole pollinator, option (d) explains that the woodland star rarely aborted capsules with moth eggs, emphasizing a mutualistic relationship where the benefits of pollination outweigh the costs of seed predation.

Moths as pollinators, like the corn earworm moth and the Gaura plant, generally have a symbiotic relationship where both the moth and the plant benefit. However, the intricacies of coevolution can lead to variations in these relationships across different environments, leading to what is known as mosaic coevolution, as observed in the woodland star and the Greya politella moth.

Answer:

Supine with the backboard tilted to the left.

Explanation:

Pregnancy period is also known as gestation period, the development of the offspring inside the womb. The pregnancy is divided into the different trimester periods.

A pregnant female has fallen down a flight of steps. The lady should be supine with the back board must be tilted to the left as this position reduces her dizziness. This position helps the female to relax and provide protection to both the mother and the offspring. More oxygen will be available to the female.

Thus, the correct answer is option (c).

Answer:

1) The independent variable is nicotine consumption.

2) The dependent variable is 'Involvement in a collision'. In this case the values the variable could take would be binary. For example 'were involved in a collision'  and  'weren't involved in a collision'.

3) In this study, the participants who smoke a cigarette without nicotine comprise the __control___________________ group.

4.) In this study, the participants who smoke a real cigarette (with nicotine) comprise the ___experimental___________________ group.

5.) A confounding variable related to this experiment could be:

Confounding variables are any other variable that also has an effect on your dependent variable. They are like extra independent variables that are having a hidden effect on your dependent variables.

In this case, there are many examples of confounding variables that could have an effect on the dependent variable:

For example:

Subject's eyesight

Subject's age

Subjects's driving experience,

and so on

Answer:

Flask B would be the control group

Explanation:

The purpose of the control group is to have something to compare your results to.

In both flask A and C, you are mixing amylase with amylose. The hypothesis is that amylase promotes hydrolysis. Well, how do you prove this without having a flask that has no amylase in it?

Answer:

Option (4).

Explanation:

Respiratory system may be defined as the system involves in the exchange of gases between the tissue, lungs and the outside environment. The respiratory system involves nose, mouth, larynx, trachea, lungs, brochi, alevoli and alveolar ducts.

The oxygen is inhaled in the body and carbon dioxide is exhaled out from the body.  The oxygen is transferred into the blood stream by binding of oxygen with hemoglobin. The oxygen is diffused in to body due to the partial pressure difference of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Thus, the correct answer is option (4).

Answer:

The first option that is marked is correct.

Explanation:

Ionic bond is much stronger than the hydrogen bonding thus

it would require a large amount of energy to separate them for replication or transcription.

A spider plant sends out runners that have buds. When planted, the bud grows into a mature plant. The resulting plant has one parent and is genetically identical to the parent.

Answer: Option C

Explanation:

Reproduction is of two types one is sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. The asexual reproduction mostly involves only one parent and therefore the off spring that is born is genetically identical with the parent.

whereas in sexual reproduction that involves 2 parents the off spring born contains a genetic makeup that is a combination of 2 parents and thereby not genetically identical.

Answer:

Polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, is a technique to make many copies of a specific DNA region in vitro (in a test tube rather than an organism).

Answer:

Fingerprints are left behind due to the sweat on our fingertips as well as sebum that sticks to or fingertips from our face and hair.

Explanation:

The ridges along the finger tips contain pores connecting to sweat glands. The sweat gland which is found in greater number in hands and feet is the eccrine gland. The sweat contains water in major amount and also contains lipids. Sebaceous glands on our face and hair secrete sebum.

When we touch our face and hair sebum sticks to the fingertips and the oily residue made by sweat and sebum coats our fingers. It is the residue and not just sebum on our fingertips that leaves a fingerprint when we touch a surface.  

Answer: Chemical reaction

Explanation: