Answer: D. He faced opposition from people who were powerful in the community
Explanation: When Muhammad began preaching in Mecca, he began to preach monotheism, a belief in one God, which was not similar to centuries ago the beliefs practised by the Arabs. Although descendants of Abraham, they eventually adopted many polytheistic patterns, all the way to Muhammad. So with his preaching for the first time in Mecca, Muhammad encountered opposition from powerful people in the community, above all the merchants. Because of their opposition to Muhammad's then-new faith, powerful people in Mecca were even very keen on his teaching because they saw a danger to their business and lifestyle that had been established on different principles centuries ago, and in their view the new faith would shake the established lifestyle, especially trade.
Muhammad therefore had to move to Medina, where he gathered supporters, like-minded people, and this transition from Mecca to Medina was considered the beginning, the founding of Islam. Subsequently, the supporters, along with Muhammad, returned to Mecca and defeated opponents of Muhammad and monotheism, and so Islam began to develop.
When 62-year-old Maxine retired, she looked forward to a time of self-realization and high life satisfaction. Like other baby boomers, Maxine is most likely to view retirement as a(n) __________."
A) time of personal fulfillment
B) period of physical decline
C) extended vacation
D) one-way, age-graded event
Answer: The correct answer is A) Time of personal fulfillment.
Explanation:
Baby-boomers had the tendency to engage in jobs and careers that not always matched their true passions and interests, but engaged in them diligently and conscientiously to save for a better future. Therefore they see retirement as a moment of true self-realization and a time where thanks to their savings they will have the resources to enjoy life without the stresses and anxieties that surround modern-day work-life.
In conclusion, Baby boomers have the tendency of looking at retirement as a time of self-realization and high life satisfaction and therefore as a time of personal fulfillment.
_______________________________ protects the fixed form of the expression of an original, creative idea. It is used by authors and musicians (among other people) to protect their work.
Answer:
Copyright
Explanation:
Copyright
Copyright is considered to be a exclusive right to perform the activity, generally for a limited period, granted to a creator of a creative efforts. The original work can be in a literature, artistic, academic or in the form of music.
In case of a creative output, copyright is aimed at protecting the original creation of a concept, and but not that concept itself.
Explain the following:
Gretchen’s argument against the soul theory,
Gretchen’s ‘fundamental claim’,
Sam’s argument against the fundamental claim based on observed psychological characteristics,
Gretchen’s reply (the one body/many souls hypothesis), her Blue River Analogy,
Sam’s reply (‘the personal case’), and Gretchen’s reply to the personal case.
Answer:
Personal identity is based on the sameness of immaterial soul.
Explanation
According to Descartes, the soul is not the same as the body. The soul is not like the body that can be touched but rather intangible.
Final answer:
Gretchen argues against the soul theory, stating that substance allows us to explain what we observe without the need for a mythical form. Sam counters her argument by pointing out that observed psychological characteristics can be explained by the brain. Gretchen proposes the one body/many souls hypothesis, while Sam argues for a singular soul based on personal experiences. Gretchen replies by suggesting that personal experiences can be explained by the brain's integration of different soul perspectives.
Explanation:
Gretchen’s argument against the soul theory is that substance allows us to explain what we observe, such as the qualities of an object, without presupposing a mythical form. She argues that without the concept of a soul, it becomes difficult to explain our own identities.
Gretchen’s ‘fundamental claim’ is the belief that the soul is a separate entity from the body. She argues that the soul exists prior to and separate from the body, and is immortal.
Sam’s argument against Gretchen’s fundamental claim is based on observed psychological characteristics. He argues that our thoughts, emotions, and behaviors can all be explained by the physical processes of the brain, indicating that the mind and body are not separate entities.
Gretchen’s reply to Sam’s argument is the ‘one body/many souls hypothesis’. She suggests that one physical body can contain multiple souls, each responsible for different aspects of our thoughts and behaviors. Gretchen uses the Blue River Analogy to explain how different souls can inhabit the same body, just like different streams can flow into the same river.
Sam’s reply to Gretchen’s hypothesis is ‘the personal case’. He argues that personal experiences, such as memories, sense of self, and continuity of consciousness, cannot be easily explained by the one body/many souls hypothesis. He believes that a singular soul is a more reasonable explanation for these experiences.
Gretchen replies to the personal case by asserting that personal experiences are not necessarily evidence of a singular soul. She suggests that the brain can create the illusion of a singular conscious experience by integrating information from different soul perspectives.
A technique for treating phobias and other stress disorders in which the person is suddenly exposed to the fear-provoking situation or object in an intense way and is prevented from making the usual avoidance or escape response is called____________. a. systematic desensitization. b. flooding. c. paradoxical intent. d. aversive therapy.
Answer:
The correct answer is option b. flooding.
Explanation:
This technique is used in a way that exposes a person with phobia, directly to a situation in which their greatest fear is present.
It is a fairly extreme way to treat a phobia since the treated person is trapped with no option to leave. The objective of this technique is that just being “trapped”, the person can reduce their anxiety levels, since they have no other option.
Before submitting a patient to this treatment, he or she must inform a consent because the levels of stress and trauma they are going to face are very high. It is very likely that the patient does not want to end the therapy because of that reason.
The treatment is effective for treating particular phobias such as spider phobia. But it is not effective in treating complex phobias such as social phobia.
Keynes argued that: a) irrational waves of pessimism cause decreases in aggregate demand and increases in unemployment. b) irrational waves of optimism cause decreases in aggregate demand and decreases in aggregate supply. c) changes in business and consumer expectations generally stabilize the economy. d) All of the above are correct.
Answer:
A) irrational waves of pessimism cause decreases in aggregate demand and increases in unemployment.
Explanation:
This is because he believed that economics were more than just a social science, he believed that the way people behaves had a much bigger impact in economics than a lot of other factors. He believed that for a country to have good economy, it's government had to be empathic with the people.
Betsy and Luke recently told their parents that they did not want to have children. Betsy’s mom cried and accused them of being selfish and suggested that they would probably be lonely in old age. The mother’s response is an example of__________.
Answer:
Pronatalism
Explanation:
Pronatalism or as also called a pro-birth position is the belief that parenthood is essential for social reasons. The belief in pronatalism promotes child-rearing practices and high birth rates. Supporters of this philosophy believe to limit contraception and abortion. Religion too promotes pronatalism to encourage reproduction which ensure them a large number of followers.
As per the question, the belief of Betsy's mother that Betsy would face problem, if she don't have kids, represents the social implication of pronatalism.
The Big Five personality traits _____. A. apply only to people living in North America B. are present in highly varying degrees throughout much of adulthood C. first become obvious in preschool children D. are apparent in every culture and era
The Big Five personality traits are apparent in every culture.
Option D
Explanation:
Human behavior is similar across different types of cultures according to cross culture psychology. The five personality traits that are called openness, conscience, extraversion, agreeable behavior and neuroticism has indeed become the most extensive study model of personality. Researches suggests that the big fiver personalities are prevalent in all the cultures across different countries. More than 50 cultures are reported to have the same personality traits. Although, there are also some controversies related to whether each and every culture has the same big personalities or not. The unclear idea is quite robust.
The Big Five personality traits are universally present across different cultures and historical periods. The correct answer is D. are apparent in every culture and era, acknowledging that while these traits are globally evident, their expression can vary significantly across cultural contexts.
Explanation:The Big Five personality traits are a widely recognized model in psychology, suggesting that human personalities are composed of five broad dimensions: conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness, extroversion, and agreeableness. These traits have been found to be universal across cultures, presenting in varying degrees throughout one's adulthood, with evidence of slight changes as people age. In answer to the student's question, the correct option is D. is apparent in every culture and era.
It's important to consider cultural influences on personality because there is substantial variance in how these traits are expressed in different cultural contexts. For instance, cultural influences might make people in collectivist societies less extroverted and more focused on social harmony, versus those in individualistic societies where personal achievement might be prioritized. This underlines the significance of using a cultural lens when assessing personality.
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Nora, Ko, Ian, and May are good friends and regularly hang out together. They each think that Ms. Akey may be a slightly better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. After discussing why each of them believes this to be so, they all become convinced that Ms. Akey is definitely a much better teacher than Mr. Schwenke. This scenario provides an example of:_________
A) Social facilitation
B) The fundamental attribution error.
C) Group polarization
D) Deindividuation
E) The mere exposure
Answer:
C) Group polarization
Explanation:
According to studies conducted by various sociologists, it can be said that this scenario provides an example of Group Polarization. This term refers to when groups make decisions that are far more extreme than what the members actually decide individually. Which is the case in this scenario since seperately they believe that Ms. Akey may be a better teacher but are not totally convinced. While together they believe that Ms. Akey is a far better (extreme) teacher.
Studies of female platyfishes, whose male counterparts have a variety of tail shapes, show that the females prefer male fish with artificial swordlike structures attached to their tails. This observation is most consistent with the A) notion of a molecular clock. B) maximum likelihood principle. C) sensory exploitation hypothesis. D) principle of homoplasy. E) parsimony principle.
Answer:
This observation is most consistent with the sensory exploitation hypothesis.
Option: (C)
Explanation:
The 'sensory exploitation hypothesis' states that the male sexual characters as adaptations are to exploit female reaction that is developed in non-sexual contexts. As we see the example in the case of female platy fishes, how they prefer the male fish having the artificial sword like structures that are attached to their tails. Sensory exploitation is a sensory bias that is applied to gain the probability of having better reproductive success.Brian is a sophomore and works all of the hours his employer will let him. He is the first person in when called to fill in for an extra shift. At home there are many stressors including a houseful of siblings and parents who are overworked and struggling to make ends meet. Brian may be experiencing:
a. burnout
b. pseudomaturity
c. egocentrism
d. societal prejudice
Answer: (B)
Brian may be experiencing "Pseudo-maturity"
Explanation:
Pseudo-maturity occurs when an adolescent assumes adult responsibility too early. Some adolescents enter adulthood early to escape from certain stressful situations or due to some unavoidable economic constraint.
In this case, Brian works extra hours at work to avoid the stressors at home and also to provide for his family.
A first term member of the House of Representatives from North Dakota who wished to maximize opportunities for constituent service would be most likely to seek placement on which of the following committees?A. Judiciary
B. Agriculture
C. Rules
D. Foreign Affairs
E. Science and Technology
Answer:
Agriculture
Explanation:
Hello! North Dakota is a state very focused on agriculture, being the fifth largest exporter of agricultural products in the United States. Most of the population lives on it in small rural cities or on farms and work of that. It is logical that a representative is interested in that topic
Thanks for your question!
Why is the takings clause cited in arguments against environmental regulations that restrict the use of private property?
a. The takings law mandates that environmental regulations take precedence over private property rights.
b. As defined by the courts, the takings law prohibits the government from depriving citizens of economic use of their land without compensation.
c. The takings clause is an argument that allows the government to take property from homeowners without compensation as long as it is for the public good; but environmentalists have defined the environment as the public good.
d. The takings law allows the government to deprive citizens of economic use of their property without compensation.
Answer:
The takings law allows the government to deprive citizens of economic use of their property without compensation.
Explanation:
As per the fifth amendment made to the 'Constitution of the United States in 1791', it is mandatory for the individuals who own private property to pay compensation to the government if they are willing to use their private property for economic purposes. This compensation comes in line with the loss that the economic activity would possibly cause to the environment around.After the main meeting, the meeting planner would like attendees to attend smaller breakout sessions designed to provide more detailed instructions about the company's products, and participants will be taking extensive notes. What type of meeting room setup would you suggest?
Answer:
classroom
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that the best meeting room setup would be a classroom. This is because classrooms are designed to accomodate various members and aims the attention of those members towards the main board where the individual can provide all the information as well as provide a presentation. Which is exactly what the meeting planner needs since the desks in a classroom would also provide space for each individual to take notes.
As a result of stalemated outcome of the Korean War, the a. American economy was dragged into a recession. b. American public felt reassured that communism was being contained. c. stature of the American military increased. d. American public believed there was something wrong with the United States.
As a result of stalemated outcome of the Korean War, the Americans believed that something is wrong with the United States.
Explanation:
Korean War outcomes were drastic which included higher causalities and china emerged with new strength but Korea remained divided as south and North Korea. With the help of US, South Korea made North Korea to retreat to its territory. Weapons which are similar in use during the World War II were used and the weapons and military aid was provided by US to South Korea.
North Korea after becoming divided started to build its military strength by getting the aim from soviet communist countries. It wanted to control South Korea because north Korea wanted to gain access to the trade markets on Japan and Asia.
Eighteen-year-old Gisela stopped attending her church youth group and Sunday services, and, contrary to her conservative parents' beliefs, became immersed in a liberal political movement. Two months later, she lost interest in the movement and joined a new church. According to Erikson, Gisela is experiencing __________.A) an identity crisisB) inferiorityC) identity foreclosureD) identity diffusion
Answer:
Option A, an identity crisis, is the right answer.
Explanation:
Coined by Erik Erikson, the term identity crisis is used to refer the failure to accomplish ego integrity by an individual during his/her adolescence. The adolescence stage is a stage during which some physical changes ( physical growth and sexual maturity) as well as integrating ideas such as what others would be thinking of them, takes place.
Due to such changes, adolescents face a number of issues which prevents them from developing a strong identity. During this time, they do not have any idea about what or who they are, what should they do etc. As a result of this, they may withdraw from normal life. In the given situation, Gisela is experiencing an identity crisis.
Derrick purchased a new car, a Ford Mustang, less than a month ago. While sitting in traffic, Derrick says to his girlfriend, "Mustangs must be the best-selling car now. I can't remember seeing as many on the road as I have recently." Derrick's judgment is most likely biased by a(n)
Answer: Availability heuristic
Explanation:
Availability heuristic is defined as the instant example or idea that occurs in mind while evaluating an event or subject in the form of mental shortcut.The evaluation is done by calculating the situation of the event
According to the situation mentioned in question, Derrick's statement is based on availability heuristic as he is giving his thought after seeing many Mustang car in traffic than before and thus evaluating that it must have become a bestseller.
What impact did the growth of social media outlets, such as Instagram and Face-book, have on traditional media sources, i.e. magazines and newspapers?
The effect did the expansion of social media platforms like and have on periodicals and newspaper People were more reliant on acquiring media in the quickest manner. Because of this, traditional media outlets lost money as we became less dependent on them.
What do you know about social media?The term "social" as it relates to media implies that platforms are user-centric and encourage social interaction. Because of this, social media can be seen as an online facilitator or enhancer of human networks—webs of people that improve social connection.
Typically, users use web-based desktop applications to access social media services or they download apps for their mobile devices that have social media capability (e.g., smartphones and tablets).
Users of these electronic services build highly interactive platforms as they interact with them, enabling individuals, groups, and organizations to share, co-create, interact with, discuss, and alter user-generated or self-curated material that is published online.
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Surveys may be used for ____.exploratory, and applied research only applied research only descriptive research only.a.descriptive,b.explanatory,c.exploratory,d.and applied research only.
The correct answers:
descriptiveexplanatoryand applied research onlySurveys may be used for descriptive, exploratory, and applied research purposes.
Explanation:Surveys may be used for descriptive, exploratory, and applied research purposes. They allow researchers to collect data from individuals or groups and are particularly useful for understanding people's opinions, behaviors, and preferences. Surveys can be used in various fields including sociology, psychology, and marketing.
A math teacher displays a word problem on the overhead, asks, "What is the first thing we should do in this problem?" pauses briefly, and then says, "Calvin?" as she calls on one of the students in his class. This brief episode best illustrates which of the following?
a. A teacher's demonstration of enthusiasm.
b. A teacher's demonstration of modeling.
c. A teacher's demonstration of wait-time.
d. A teacher's demonstration of differential expectations.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Wait-time is the period of silence between when a question is asked and when its answered.
This brief episode best illustrates the teacher's demonstration of wait time. Thus, option C is correct.
Who is a teacher?In addition to listening to their kids, teachers also train and guide them. They are committed to assisting their pupils in achieving their academic objectives and are capable of helping mold those ambitions.
By system that applies to pupils and creating an environment conducive to learning, teachers serve the purpose of assisting students with their education.
The teacher best displays a modern problem on the overhead. As and when the question most asked for stopped and then there was a pause and then Calvin the name was announced. Of one of the students.
This clearly depicts that the pause represent that there is a difference between the question and the name of a person. And it also helps in analysing the sentence and the situation.
Therefore, option C is the correct option.
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J.J. and Raeshawn feel like their friendship is falling apart. Neither one of them wants it to, but they do not know what is wrong. Which conflict resolution strategy should they use at this time?
A) avoidance
B) negotiation
C) mediation
D) violence
Answer: C
Explanation: J.J and Raeshawn will probably benefit by having a mediation where they expose each other feelings towards one another and why they feel their friendship is falling apart; to be successful both should agree at a certain point in order to move on.
Given that J.J. and Raeshawn want to preserve their friendship and address the underlying issues causing their rift, the most appropriate conflict resolution strategy for them would be: B) negotiation.
Negotiation involves both parties openly discussing their concerns, needs, and perspectives in order to find mutually acceptable solutions. By engaging in negotiation, J.J. and Raeshawn can communicate their feelings, identify areas of disagreement or misunderstanding, and work together to find compromises or resolutions that address their concerns and strengthen their friendship. This approach allows them to collaborate and find common ground, rather than avoiding or escalating the conflict.
According to frequency theory: a. most sound waves are a complex mixture of many frequencies. b high-frequency sounds trigger a wave of activity that peaks near the beginning of the basilar membrane. c the rate at which impulses travel up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of the tone being heard. d frequent or prolonged stimulation of a sensory receptor causes that receptor to become less sensitive. e we hear different pitches because different sound waves cause different parts of the nerve cells in the cochlea to fire.
According to frequency theory the rate at which impulses travel up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of the tone being heard.
Option c
Explanation:
The frequency theory says that we hear sounds, there would be pulses which travel through the auditory nerve. It carries sound information to process the brain and pulse rate matches with frequency of heard tone.
According to the frequency theory the pitch can be sensed. The theory states that every tone has a wavelength of its own. This wavelength identical to the electrical impulse that is transmitted through the auditory nerve.
Example: Tone of 500Hz is equal to 500 electrical impulses transmitted through the auditory nerve in a given period of time.
The answer is: e. we hear different pitches because different sound waves cause different parts of the nerve cells in the cochlea to fire.
Frequency theory is a theory of pitch perception that states that the pitch of a sound is determined by the frequency of the nerve impulses that are sent to the brain from the cochlea. The cochlea is a spiral-shaped organ in the inner ear that contains hair cells that are sensitive to different frequencies of sound waves.
When a sound wave enters the cochlea, it causes the basilar membrane to vibrate. The basilar membrane is a long, thin strip of tissue that runs the length of the cochlea. The hair cells are located on the basilar membrane.
Different frequencies of sound waves cause different parts of the basilar membrane to vibrate. Low-frequency sound waves cause the basilar membrane to vibrate near the base of the cochlea, while high-frequency sound waves cause the basilar membrane to vibrate near the tip of the cochlea.
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After the collapse of communism in Tehran, successful business owners often had to pay "protection money" to the mafia or face violent retribution. In the context of property rights, the behavior of the mafia is an example of _____.
Answer: Private Action
Explanation:
Dhani, an accountant for Eureka, Inc., learns of undisclosed company plans to market a new laptop. Dhani buys 1,000 shares of Eureka stock. He reveals the company plans to Fay, who buys 500 shares. Fay tells Geoff, who tells Hu. Both Geoff and Hu buy 100 shares. They know that Fay got her information from Dhani. When Eureka publicly announces its new laptop, Dhani, Fay, Geoff, and Hu sell their stock for a profit. If Dhani is liable under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, it will be because the information on which he based his purchase of Eureka stock was:
Answer:
Dhani is liable under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, because the information on which he based his purchase of Eureka stock was "non-public"
Explanation:
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has laws against illegal insider trading which it defines as; "buying or selling a security, in breach of a fiduciary duty or other relationship of trust and confidence, on the basis of material, non-public information about the security."
As long as a company has not legally provided a piece of information to the public, then such information is considered "non-public".
Someone trading with non-public information is in a position to make more profits and as such, has an unfair advantage over other investors.
Dhani by trading with, and sharing "non-public information" with his friends, has committed illegal insider trading and is therefore liable under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
The articles of confederation gave a president the power to execute laws and veto legislation. True or False
The statement the articles of confederation gave a president the power to execute laws and veto legislation is false.
Explanation:The very reason behind opting to replace the "Articles of Confederation" was that they created an imbalance of power by vesting more power in the hands of the state governments. There are no provisions provided by Articles of Confederation for an executive branch.
The President and the Federal government functioned with very little authority and were greatly under powered. The President almost functioned like a nominal head.The legislature holds the executive power under the "Articles of Confederation".
Talk, Inc., offers to buy from Ultra Corporation 1,000 smartphones. Without notifying Talk, Ultra timely ships phones of a different quality. With respect to the offer and a possible contract, this shipment is an acceptance and _____.
a. a counteroffer.
b. complete performance.
c. a breach.
d. an accommodation.
Answer:
C. a breach
Explanation:
The correct answer is "a breach" because Ultra corporation broke the agreement they had by sending Talk inc. phones of a different quality.
Final answer:
The shipment of phones by Ultra Corporation in response to Talk, Inc.'s offer is considered an acceptance and a breach. The correct option is (c) a breach.
Explanation:
Under the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC), when a buyer offers to purchase goods and the seller sends goods that are non-conforming, it's a breach of contract unless the seller provides notice that the shipment is an accommodation. An accommodation is an attempt to fill the order to the best of the seller's ability when the specific goods are unavailable, and it must be clearly communicated as such. In this scenario, Ultra Corporation's action of shipping phones without notifying Talk, Inc. does not constitute an accommodation. Instead, it represents a breach because the phones are of a different quality, which does not meet the terms of the original offer. By failing to notify Talk, Inc., Ultra Corporation has not properly communicated the change or sought consent for a modification, which is essential under the UCC for an effective and lawful accommodation.
The Handy Hand Tools Company commissioned a survey designed to determine whether homeowners prefer plastic or metal casings on electric screwdrivers. The results of this survey will likely be used as input into decisions concerning which element of the marketing mix?
Answer:
The answer is product.
Explanation:
There are four elements in the concept of marketing mix. They're usually called the "four p's": product, price, place and promotion. In the example, the producers are focusing on the product characteristics, which also involve the casing.
The company, at this point, is probably at the product development phase, which demands extensive research for improving or reinventing the product.
Political institutions first emerged in __________ as they acquired surpluses and developed greater social inequality. Elites took control of politics and used custom or traditional authority to justify their position.
Answer:
Agrarian societies
Explanation:
The concept of political institutions and how Agrarian societies used to ensure that their command on the people remained strong has been discussed by Dr. Dianna Van Blerkom . She has also suggested that the political power was kept in the main city or then called a city-state and all the other cities and areas became nation-state. This is similar to what we now call a capital city and a county. Political institutions were setup in each of the cities to ensure that the political control and authority remained with the Emperor.
Despite the passage of several civil rights laws in the 1950s and 1960s, ____________________—prejudice or discrimination toward people because of their race—was still common in American society.
Answer:
Racism.
Explanation:
The fight against racism in American society is still prevalent. History witnessed the struggle of the African Americans who have received the legislative reforms from time to time to enhance their greater participation but continued to fight an equal status to their white counterparts.
Though slavery was abolished voting rights were secured in the nineteenth century, there was still discrimination against the black people who resist their social and economic mobility. Civil rights laws of the 1950's and 1960's enhance their participation in public life but racial attacks were still prevalent throughout the 20th century.
Religious ideas are typically associated with beliefs about the supernatural, but what argument can be used to explain the beliefs and worldviews of physicists or geneticists, who may consider themselves nonbelievers?
For physicists and geneticists, who consider themselves as non believers, most religions are nothing more than a particular worldview. In fact, a great number of scientists do NOT believe in God or in the existence of a higher power. Thus, they describe themselves as being atheist, agnostic or nothing in particular.
Taylor is a social worker. He is overworked, his caseload is overwhelming, and he no longer believes that what he does on a day-to-day basis has any real impact or improves anyone’s life. Taylor is probably suffering from ________.
Answer:
job burnout
Explanation:
Job burnout: The term job burnout is also referred to as burnout, and employment burnout. The job burnout is a condition in which a person tends to lose all motivation that makes the person feels depressed or stressed out. Job burnout is said to be an uncomfortable condition because it arises after a long period of stress, a short period of high stress, powerlessness feeling, and hopelessness, etc.
Burnout is defined in three dimensions:
1. Exhaustion.
2. Cynicism.
3. Reduced professional ability.
In the question above, Taylor is probably suffering from job burnout.