What is a atom of chemistry

Answer:

option D is correct that is  8.2 g

Explanation:

Data Given:

mole of NaCl = 0.14 mol

Volume of water = 1 L

Weight of Nacl = ?

Solution:

In this we know the amount of NaCl and to find weight of NaCl to form a solution.

So,

Formula Used

    no. of moles = weight in g / Molar mass . . . . . . . . . . (1)

Molar mass of NaCl = 23 + 35.5

Molar mass of NaCl = 58.5 g/mol

Rearrange equation (1)

        no. of moles = weight in g / Molar mass . . . . . . . . . . (1)

        weight of Nacl =  no. of moles x Molar mass . . . . . . . . . . (2)

Put values in the Equation 2

             weight of Nacl = 0.14 mol x 58.5 g/mol

              weight of Nacl = 8.2 g

weight of Nacl = 8.2 g

So option D is correct that is  8.2 g

Answer:

a b d

these are part of an ecosystem or can be

“Reactants” must "collide" for a "chemical reaction" to proceed.

Option: B

Explanation:

Collision theory explains why collision of reactant is primary stage for any "chemical reaction" to take place. According to it “rate of reaction is proportional to the rate of reactants collisions”. Orientation of reacting species during collision is important to result into product, where atoms are bonded together. Adequate amount of energy is compulsory to allow mutual penetration of reacting species valence shells for rearrangement of electrons and allow formation of new bonds. While activated complex (which is unstable species) formation is transition state of chemical reaction having very short life and mostly undetectable.

Answer:

reactants only

Explanation:

Answer:

selenium dioxide

Explanation:

The Lewis dot structure for SeO shows a double bond between Selenium (Se) and oxygen (O), with each atom sharing two of its six valence electrons to form the double bond and retaining the remaining as non-bonding pairs.

The Lewis dot structure for SeO (Selenium monoxide) consists of selenium represented by the symbol 'Se', surrounded by six valence electrons drawn as dots, and oxygen represented by 'O', surrounded by six valence electrons. Selenium and oxygen form a double bond which is illustrated by sharing four of their electrons (two pairs), while the remaining electrons are the non-bonding pairs.

The structure can be drawn as follows: Se = O :

In this diagram, ':' represents the non-bonding pairs of valence electrons while '=' represents the electron pairs making up the double bond between selenium and oxygen.

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Answer:

6.5 meters

Explanation:

Background Knowledge:

The most familiar example of breaking wave is the breaking of water surface waves on a coastline.

Explanation:

The process of Wave breaking in most of the cases occurs when the amplitude reaches the point that the crest of the wave actually overturns

Factors by which waves are produced:

Different type of waves are produced and varied according to different type of factors. These factors are

Wind direction

Type of swell

Sea floor features

Slope of sea bed

Direct answer of the question:

In general rule, Waves start to break on reaching a water depth of 1.3 times the wave height.

In this question wave height is 5 meters so wave breaks on

5 × 1.3 = 6.5 meters

Final answer:

Wave breaking occurs when a wave's particle velocity exceeds the velocity of the wave crest due to specific conditions. A wave with a height of 5 meters will start breaking when the depth of water decreases to a certain point. This understanding is vital for predicting wave behavior where it begins to break.

Explanation:

Wave breaking occurs when a wave's particle velocity exceeds the velocity of the wave crest, typically at a crest angle of about 120°.

In the case of a wave height of 5 meters, when the depth of water decreases to the point where the wave celerity is exceeded, the wave will begin to break.

Understanding the relationship between wave height, water depth, and wave-breaking is crucial in predicting where waves will start breaking.

Answer:

c,interpretation of the data

Explanation:

A good scientific explanation needs to be based on both data collected in an investigation and on the ability to interpret what the data means.

Normally, adding heat energy increases the temperature of a substance. However, during a phase change, the temperature of the substance stays constant. This happens because the heat energy is being used to change the phase of the matter instead of the temperature.

Answer:

The temperature of the water stayed at [tex]100^{0} C[/tex] because the temperature of a pure water does not increase at its boiling point, [tex]100^{0} C[/tex]. This is due to latent heat of vaporisation.

Explanation:

During a change of state of a substance, the temperature does not change due to latent heat of the substance. Latent heat is the amount of heat required to convert a unit mass of a substance from one state to another without a change in its temperature. There are two types of latent heat, latent heat of fusion anf latent heat of vaporisation.

So during the experiment, the water got to its boiling point and continues to boil at this constant temperature until it would change completely to steam at that temperature. After the conversion process, the temperature begins to increase.

The latent heat of vaporisation came into action during the process of boiling the water at constant temperature. That's why the temperature of the water did not increase even after reaching its boiling point ([tex]100^{0} C[/tex] ).

Answer:

activation activation energy is defined as the minimum amount of energy needed to start a reaction.

Answer:

Stored Energy(☞ﾟヮﾟ)☞☜(ﾟヮﾟ☜)¯\_(ツ)_/¯

Explanation:

Dalton's principles that atoms are the smallest units, identical atoms form an element, and atoms can combine to form compounds remain valid. The principles that atoms have specific weights and can't be divided, created, or destroyed have been updated.

Most of Dalton's five principles from his atomic theory still hold true in general. However, some have been tweaked or expanded with new understanding. The principles that still remain valid include: atoms are the smallest units that matter can be broken into (although we now know about subatomic particles); all atoms of a specific element are identical; and atoms of different elements can combine in specific ratios to form compounds. atomic weights of elements may differ, and atoms cannot be divided, created or destroyed have been updated with modern atomic theory which includes the existence of isotopes, nuclear reactions that can transmutate elements and subatomic particles that makeup atoms respectively.

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Dalton's atomic theory, with its revolutionary principles, still largely holds true today in the realm of chemistry. His claims about the conservation of matter during chemical change and that elements cannot be broken into simpler substances are valid. However, his ideas about isotopes had to be revised to account for their variations in mass.

John Dalton, an English schoolteacher, revolutionized chemistry with his atomic theory, changing the way we understand the composition of matter. Despite two thousand years of the Aristotelian view dominating, Dalton drastically reshaped our conception with his principles.

Most of Dalton's principles still hold true today: atoms cannot be destroyed or created during a chemical change, allowing the total mass of matter to remain constant (the law of conservation of matter). This argues that substances like copper, which consist of one type of atom, cannot be broken down to simpler substances composed of fewer types of atoms.

However, some of his postulates, notably those surrounding isotopes, had to be modified. Originally Dalton thought that all atoms of the same element had the same mass and properties. This notion was altered in the wake of isotopes - variations of elements with different masses - to clarify that atoms of the same element must have identical chemical properties.

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The bond angle around the central carbon atom in acrolein is approximately 120 degrees due to the trigonal planar geometry resulting from sp² hybridization.

The geometry of a molecule, such as acrolein, is intrinsically linked to the hybridization of its central atom. In the case of acrolein, this central carbon atom is engaged in a double bond with another carbon atom and is also connected to an oxygen atom. This unique bonding arrangement leads to the central carbon atom adopting an sp² hybridization state. Consequently, this sp² hybridization results in a trigonal planar geometry for the central carbon atom, where the three bonding orbitals are arranged in a symmetric, triangular fashion.

In this trigonal planar configuration, the bond angles formed by the carbon-oxygen-carbon atoms are approximately 120 degrees. This specific bond angle, characteristic of sp² hybridization, is a fundamental aspect of acrolein's molecular structure, significantly influencing its chemical reactivity and properties. Understanding the relationship between hybridization and molecular geometry is crucial in predicting how molecules like acrolein will interact with other substances in various chemical reactions.

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The approximate bond angle around the central carbon atom in acrolein is about 120 degrees.

Acrolein, also known as 2-propenal, has the chemical formula C3H4O. The central carbon atom in acrolein is sp2 hybridized due to the presence of a double bond with one of the neighboring carbon atoms. This sp2 hybridization results in a trigonal planar molecular geometry with bond angles of approximately 120 degrees between the hybridized orbitals.

 In acrolein, the central carbon atom is bonded to two other carbon atoms and a hydrogen atom, with a double bond to one of the carbon atoms and a single bond to the other carbon atom and the hydrogen atom. The double-bonded carbon atom is also sp2 hybridized, contributing to the trigonal planar geometry around the central carbon. The oxygen atom attached to the double-bonded carbon does not significantly affect the bond angle around the central carbon.

 Therefore, the bond angles around the central carbon atom in acrolein are close to the ideal value of 120 degrees for a trigonal planar geometry, with slight deviations due to the different substituents and the double bond. However, these deviations are typically small, and the bond angle remains approximately 120 degrees.

Final answer:

The 2 products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen. Glucose acts as the food source for plants, while oxygen is a waste product necessary for animal life.

Explanation:

The 2 products of photosynthesis are glucose and oxygen. Glucose is the main product, which is a sugar that acts as the food source for plants. Oxygen is a waste product that is released into the atmosphere and is necessary for animal life to survive. Without photosynthetic organisms like plants, there wouldn't be enough oxygen in the atmosphere for animals to breathe.

Answer:

Explanation:

8) As a sulfur atom gains electrons, its radius

A) decreases

B) increases

C) remains the same

Answer:

Increases

Explanation:

when an atom form ion its atomic radius changed from neutral atomic radius.

if the atom form cation its atomic radius is smaller than neutral atomic radius.

If atom form anion its anionic radius is larger than the neutral atomic radius.

The reason is that when electron is remove energy shell deduced so cation get smaller ionic radii while in case of anion electron is added and size increase.

when sulfur gain electrons it form anion that's why its radius increases.

9) Which element forms an ion larger than its atom?

A) Na B) Ne C) Ba D) Br

Answer;

Br

Explanation:

when an atom form ion its atomic radius changed from neutral atomic radius.

if the atom form cation its atomic radius is smaller than neutral atomic radius.

If atom form anion its anionic radius is larger than the neutral atomic radius.

The reason is that when electron is remove energy shell deduced so cation get smaller ionic radii while in case of anion electron is added and size increase.

In given list of elements sodium and barium form cation while bromine form anion.

That's why anion of bromine is larger than atom.

while neon is inert it cannot form ion.

10. Which of the following particles has the smallest

radius?

A) Na B) K° C) Na+ D) K+

Answer:

Na⁺

Explanation:

Atomic radii trend along group:

As we move down the group atomic radii increased with increase of atomic number. The addition of electron in next level cause the atomic radii to increased. The hold of nucleus on valance shell become weaker because of shielding of electrons thus size of atom increased .

Sodium and potassium are present in group one. Sodium is present in period three while potassium is present in period four. So atomic size of sodium is smaller and when it form the cation its cation is smaller than its atom because of losing of electron.The reason is that when electron is remove energy shell deduced so cation get smaller ionic radii

Answer:

B) is reduced.

Explanation:

Oxidation:

Oxidation involve the removal of electrons and oxidation state of atom of an element is increased.

Reduction:

Reduction involve the gain of electron and oxidation number is decreased.

Consider the following reactions.

4KI + 2CuCl₂  →   2CuI  + I₂  + 4KCl

the oxidation state of copper is changed from +2 to +1 so copper get reduced and it is oxidizing agent.

CO + H₂O   →  CO₂ + H₂

the oxidation state of carbon is +2 on reactant  side and on product side it becomes  +4 so carbon get oxidized and it is reducing gent.

Oxidizing agents:

Oxidizing agents oxidize the other elements and itself gets reduced.

Reducing agents:

Reducing agents reduced the other element are it self gets oxidized.

Answer: They ionize by the gain of one electron

Explanation:

Group 7 elements have seven electrons on their outermost shell, in order to have a complete octet structure, the go into bonding with other elements by gaining one more electron to have eight complete outermost shell electron (valence electron). They thereby ionize by gain one electron forming X[tex]X^{-1}[/tex]

If there were an element above fluorine, its state would be a gas. This is because fluorine is located in the non-metal section of the periodic table which can all be found as a gas at room temperature.

Answer:

250000000000 ml of apple juice

Answer:

Option D

Explanation:

In Sulphur dioxide molecule both sulphur and oxygen have 6 valence electrons

The oxidation state of Sulphur in Sulphur dioxide molecule is +4 and the oxidation state of oxygen in Sulphur dioxide molecule is -2

Both sulphur and oxygen in this molecule are non-metals and therefore there will be no ionic bond present between them

So bond formation in this molecule takes through sharing of electrons between sulphur and oxygen and due to the sharing of electrons, covalent bond formation takes place between them

As there are only covalent bonds involved, this molecule is a covalent molecule

∴ Sulphur dioxide molecule is covalent and formed by the sharing of electrons

Final answer:

Sulfur and oxygen, both in group 16, have six valence electrons. Sulfur dioxide (SO2) is formed by the sharing of electrons, creating a covalent bond with a sulfur oxidation state of 4+.

Explanation:

From their location on the periodic table, both sulfur and oxygen are in group 16 and have six valence electrons. The typical oxidation state for oxygen is 2-, and sulfur can also have an oxidation state of 2-. However, sulfur is known to exhibit a range of oxidation states, including positive ones in certain compounds.

Regarding reactivity, oxygen is highly reactive and forms oxides with most elements. Sulfur also reacts with many elements, including metals, forming sulfides, and multiple oxidation states when reacting with nonmetals. The reaction between sulfur and oxygen results in the formation of sulfur dioxide, SO2, which is a compound where sulfur has a 4+ oxidation state.

The correct statement that most accurately describes the compound formed by sulfur and oxygen is D) Sulfur dioxide, SO2, is covalent, formed by the sharing of electrons.

Answer:

Car A and Car B are moving in opposite directions.

Car A is moving faster than Car B.

Car A and Car B pass each other at the crossover point on the graph.

Explanation:

Just took did the assignment.

Answer:

Car A and Car B are moving in opposite directions.

Car A is moving faster than Car B.

Car A and Car B pass each other at the crossover point on the graph

Answer:

combination reaction

Explanation:

In a combination reaction two reactants combine to form a single product, like in  this case.

Other options are incorrect because:

The reaction 2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3 is an example of a combination reaction, where two or more simple substances combine to form a single product.

The chemical reaction provided, 2Fe + 3Cl2 → 2FeCl3, is an example of a combination reaction. In this type of reaction, two or more reactants (in this case, Fe and Cl2) combine to form a single product (FeCl3). The reactants are usually elements or simple compounds, and the product is a compound made up of all the atoms from the reactants.

Unlike a combustion reaction, which involves burning in oxygen, or a single-replacement reaction, where one element replaces another in a compound, this combination reaction involves simple substances joining together.

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Answer:

a = The chemical equation written by balancing the total number of atoms of each element in reactants and products is called balanced chemical equation.

Answer:

The catalyst speeds up the chemical reaction.

Explanation:

The process in which chemical reaction rate increases by addition of substance is termed as a catalyst. The chemical reaction happens faster when a catalyst is present because it gives an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy.

The catalyst usually forms a temporary intermediate that helps in regenerating the original catalyst in the cyclic process. Yeast when added in a mixture work as a catalyst and helps with chemical reaction.

When solid sodium hydroxide (NaOH) dissolves in water, it dissociates into Na+ and OH- ions. The OH- ions react with water to produce more hydroxide ions and hydrogen ions, resulting in a basic solution.

The net ionic equation for the dissolution of solid sodium hydroxide, NaOH (s), in water involves the dissociation of NaOH into its constituent ions:

2NaOH (s) → 2Na+ (aq) + 2OH- (aq)

The OH- ions contribute to the basicity of the solution by reacting with water to produce hydroxide ions (OH-) and hydrogen ions (H+):

OH- (aq) + H2O (l) → OH- (aq) + H2O (l)

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Final answer:

Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) forms a basic solution when dissolved in water by dissociating completely into sodium (Na+) and hydroxide (OH−) ions, with the hydroxide ions responsible for increasing the solution's basicity.

Explanation:

The question relates to how solid sodium hydroxide (NaOH) forms a basic solution when dissolved in water. To illustrate this, we use the net ionic equation, which highlights the dissociation process of NaOH into ions in an aqueous solution. The equation is as follows:

NaOH(s) → Na+ (aq) + OH− (aq)

This equation shows that solid sodium hydroxide dissociates completely into sodium ions and hydroxide ions upon being dissolved in water. The presence of hydroxide ions (OH−) is crucial because they increase the hydroxide ion concentration in the solution, making it basic. Sodium hydroxide is a strong base, and this complete dissociation is characteristic of strong bases, further emphasizing the significance of the hydroxide ions in rendering the solution basic.

Answer: Option A, B and C

Explanation:

An ecosystem can be defined as the place which can survive on its own. There are various types of biotic and abiotic components available in the ecosystem.

An aquarium, lake and soil in backyard can be a source of ecosystem because they all have biotic and abiotic components in themselves. An aquarium has water, small plants in them. they make food by the help of sunlight and some smaller fishes feed on them.

Soil also has small insects and large plants that live on their own without the need of anything outside that environment.

The reaction that can extract silver metal from a silver nitrate solution is Equation 1, where zinc metal reacts with silver nitrate, displacing the silver and allowing it to precipitate.

To extract silver metal from silver nitrate solution, one would look for a chemical reaction where a more reactive metal displaces silver from its compound. In Equation 1, we have AgNO3 reacting with Zn, which is a more reactive metal known to displace other metals in a single displacement reaction. The reaction between zinc and silver nitrate can be represented as follows: Zn(s) + 2AgNO3(aq)
ightarrow Zn(NO3)2(aq) + 2Ag(s). This results in the precipitation of silver metal (Ag). References to similar reactions such as the reaction between copper and silver nitrate, where silver is also displaced and precipitated, support this concept.

On the other hand, Equation 2, which involves MgCl2 reacting with AgNO3, does not lead to a displacement reaction to extract silver because chlorides are usually spectators in such reactions unless conditions like oxidation or other complex reactions are involved. Additionally, MgCl2 itself as a compound does not have a free metal to displace silver from silver nitrate.

Therefore, the reaction that can be used to extract silver metal from a silver nitrate solution is Equation 1, where zinc metal is reacting with silver nitrate.

0.4266 moles of C₂H₆O

Explanation:

The problems asks for the number of moles in 25 mL of C₂H₆O with a density of 0.785 g/mL.

First we calculate the mass of C₂H₆O:

density = mass / volume

mass of C₂H₆O = density × volume

mass of C₂H₆O = 0.785 × 25

mass of C₂H₆O = 19.625 g

Now we calculate the number of moles of C₂H₆O:

number of moles =  mass / molecular weight

number of moles of C₂H₆O = 19.625 / 46

number of moles of C₂H₆O = 0.4266 moles

Learn more about:

number of moles

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The number of moles in a 25.0 mL sample of C2H6O with a density of 0.785 g/mL is approximately 0.426 moles.

To calculate the number of moles of C2H6O in a 25.0 mL sample given its density, you would first calculate the mass of the liquid using the formula: mass = density × volume. With a density of 0.785 g/mL, the mass of C2H6O in 25.0 mL would be 25.0 mL × 0.785 g/mL = 19.625 grams. The molar mass of C2H6O (which is ethanol or dimethyl ether, depending on the structural arrangement, but the question likely refers to ethanol) is approximately 46.07 g/mol. Therefore, the number of moles is calculated as:

mass / molar mass = 19.625 g / 46.07 g/mol = approximately 0.426 moles.

This calculation yields the number of moles present in the given volume of the substance.

Answer:

A.  begin with hydrogen; pair a metal with a hydroxide ion

Explanation:

Acid can be distinguished from base on the basis of formulas in such a way that acid formula start with hydrogen.

For example:

Hydrochloric acid is strong acid. Its formula is HCl.

It start with hydrogen

Sulfuric acid is acid. Its formula is H₂SO₄

it is also start with hydrogen.

Base:

Base is distinguish from acid in such a way that in base formula metal is pair with hydroxide ion.

For example:

Sodium hydroxide is base. Its formula is NaOH.

sodium is metal while OH is hydroxide ion.

Potassium hydroxide is base. its formula is KOH.

potassium is metal and OH is hydroxide ion.

Answer: Increase in the average kinetic energy.

Explanation: They are proportional so if one increases the other increases.

Final answer:

Temperature reflects the average kinetic energy of particles in an object; an increase in temperature results in an increase in this energy, leading to faster movement of particles, greater entropy, and potentially faster chemical reactions.

Explanation:

Kinetic Energy and Temperature Relationship

Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is and is directly proportional to the average kinetic energy of the particles within that object. An increase in temperature leads to an increase in the average kinetic energy, which is observable as more extensive vibrations in solids, more rapid translations in liquids and gases, and a larger distribution of kinetic energies among the particles. This results in more frequent particle collisions and an increase in entropy, due to the more dispersed distribution of kinetic energies at high temperatures.

In the context of chemical reactions, the increase in temperature and kinetic energy tends to create a faster reaction rate, as particles move more quickly and are more likely to come into contact to react. It is critical to understand that no chemical reaction or phase change is considered in this explanation. The focus is strictly on the relation between thermal energy, temperature, and kinetic energy.

Answer:

70g

Explanation:

Rate = 35g of NaCl can dissolve in 100g of H2O

Use proportions for 200g of H2O:

[tex]\frac{35}{100} = \frac{x}{200}[/tex]

Since 200 is double of 100, x needs to be double of 35.

[tex]\frac{35}{100} = \frac{70}{200}[/tex]

Therefore the maximum amount of NaCl that can dissolve in 200g of water is 70g.

Answer:

[tex]\boxed{\text{0.17 mol}}[/tex]

Explanation:

[tex]\text{M$_{r}$ of Na} = 22.99\\\text{Moles} = \text{3.9 g } \times \dfrac{\text{1 mol}}{\text{22.99 g}} = \text{0.17 mol}\\\\\text{ The sample contains $\boxed{\textbf{0.17 mol}}$ of Na}[/tex]

Answer:

disagree

Explanation:

the cell copies its DNA in preparation for mitosis. Interphase is the 'daily living' or metabolic phase of the cell, in which the cell obtains nutrients and metabolizes them, grows, reads its DNA, and conducts other "normal" cell functions.

Answer:

I disagree

Explanation:

There are 3 stages in INTERPHASE:

1) G1 (Gap 1)

2) S (DNA SYNTHESIS)

3) G2 (Gap 2)

1)  G1 (Gap 1)

-all life processes are active and happening in the cell (MRS NERG)

-this is causing the cell to GROW in size

-also where more organells and proteins are made

2) S (DNA SYNTHESIS)

- the cell duplicates DNA so that the daughter cells hich it will divide into in mitosis will have each of its DNS

-energy is also save up in ATP (excess energy from respiration will be used for dividing in MITOSIS)

3) G2 (GAP 2)

- This is a CONTROL CHECKPOINT (where the cell checks for repairs which are fixed by the cell itself)

THAT'S IT (I GUESS)

HOPE I HELPED :-)

-

Answer:

See the answer below , please.

Explanation:

In a decomposition reaction, a certain compound is "broken" to give two or more different products.

An example for compound AB, giving as products A and B:

AB -> A + B

In the case of water:

2H20 -> 2H2 + 02,  water decomposes giving Hydrogen and Oxygen

Answer:

The answer is 2 KClO₃ → 2 KCl + 3 O₂

Explanation:

In a decomposition reaction, a single substance decomposes, producing two or more different substances. That is, two or more substances are formed in this type of reactions from a compound. The atoms that form a compound are separated to give the products according to the formula:

AB → A + B

This type of reactions can occur spontaneously or caused by certain external factors that promote the breakdown of the molecule into simpler substances.

So in this case  2 KClO₃ → 2 KCl + 3 O₂ is a decomposition reaction. Potassium chlorate decomposes to give potassium chloride and oxygen gas as a product.