what is antibody and antigen?

Answers

Answer 1

Antigens are molecules proficient in motivating an immune response. Each antigen has different surface features, or epitopes, causing in specific responses. Antibodies (immunoglobins) are Y-shaped proteins produced by B cells of the immune system in reply to contact with antigens.


Related Questions

unsorted piles of. angular sediments were most likely transported and deposited by _____?

Answers

it was deposited by the ocean more than likely

 

HOPE THIS HELPS

-RACHAEL ( Yahtzee05)

why must a tourniquet be removed prior to removing the hypodermic needle

Answers

A tourniquet must be removed before the hypodermic needle to prevent hematoma, excessive bleeding, and bruising, ensure patient comfort, and avoid nerve and tissue damage due to restricted blood flow.

The tourniquet must be removed prior to removing the hypodermic needle to prevent potential complications such as hematoma formation, excessive bleeding, or bruising at the puncture site. A tourniquet is typically applied during venipuncture or the insertion of the needle to restrict blood flow, which helps in vein dilation making the vein more visible and palpable. Once the blood draw is complete, it's critical to remove the tourniquet before the needle is withdrawn. This is because the tourniquet's pressure can cause blood to rapidly fill the vein when the needle is still in place, and upon its removal, this can lead to blood leaking out of the puncture site or other damage to the vessel.

Additionally, prolonged application of a tourniquet can cause unnecessary discomfort to the patient, as well as potential damage to nerves and tissue due to restricted blood flow. Thus, prompt removal of the tourniquet is a key step in a safe and effective venipuncture procedure.

When a star's nuclear energy runs out, it dies. A star can die in many ways. A _____ is one way a star might die, and it can trigger the beginning of a new star's life cycle.

red giant
white dwarf
black dwarf
supernova

Answers

supernova  is the answer A super nova can trigger the begining of a new star's life cycle. A star produces energy by converting hydrogen gas to helium. Once all the hydrogen in the core is used up a super massive explosion called a super nova can be triggerd. The resulting explosion leaves behing gas and dust which can eventually be pulled together by gravity over millions of years triggering the birth of a new star. Only massive stars end their lives in a supernova. 
the answer is D.Supernova

If water vapor continues to increase in our atmosphere, what changes would you expect in fresh water lakes?
A: lake temperatures will decrease, but dissolved oxygen in water will increase.
B: lake temps will decrease along with dissolved oxygen.
C: lake temps will increase, but dissolved oxygen will decrease.
D: lake temps will increase along with dissolved oxygen.

Answers

The correct answer is C

Answer: Option (C)

Explanation:

Temperature and dissolved oxygen is inversely proportional to each other i.e if temperature is high then dissolved oxygen will be low and if temperature is low then dissolved oxygen will be high.

Thus, we can conclude that when the water vapor content increases in the atmosphere, the lake temperature eventually will rise whereas the dissolved oxygen will get subsequently reduced.

Hence the correct option is (C)

The _____ psychologists asserted that with respect to perception, the whole is greater than the sum of the parts.

Answers

Gestalt because Gestalt means an organized whole that is perceived as more than the sum of its parts.

Answer:

The given blank can be filled with Gestalt.

Explanation:

A school of thought, which looks at the mind of a human and behavior as a whole is known as Gestalt psychology. In making an attempt to produce the sense of the world surrounding us, the Gestalt psychologists suggest that one does not basically focus on every small constituent. However, the minds seem to perceive objects as part of the greater whole and as the constituents of more composite systems.  

This branch of psychology plays a prime function in the contemporary development of the study of human perception and sensation.  

Determine the concentration of the solution based on the predominant movement of water molecules through the cells !!!!please help!!!!

Answers

The first picture is hypersonic, because water is moving to the outside. This means the solution has much more salt than the cell does. The second photo is hypotonic, because water is entering the cell. This means the solution has the same amount as the cell. The last photo is isotonic, because water is moving both in and out of the cell. This means both the cell and the solution have equal amounts of salt.

Answer:

1. hypertonic 2.hypotonic 3.isotonic

Explanation:

What fossil fuel is responsible for 40% of the United States power generation

Answers

Petroleum (Gasoline)

It's Gasolien.

hope this helps!

Which structure allow the flow of gases in and out of a leaf

Answers

The answer to your question is:

Stomata allow gasses to flow in and out of a leaf.

Hope this answer has helped you. If it has, please mark this answer as brainliest. Thanks.

Have a HAPPY day.

Answer:

The correct answer is stomata.

Explanation:

The leaf structure is adapted for gas exchange between plants and the environment. The cells in the spongy mesophyll have tiny pores, termed as stomata, present in the leaf surface. Most of the stomata are found in the lower epidermis. These tiny pores control gas exchange. Opening and closing of stomata depend on the guard cell turgidity.

Diffusion of oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapor in and out of the leaf is highest when these stomata are open.

Thus, the correct answer is stomata.

Trees maintain the balance between gases in the air, removing carbon dioxide from the air and releasing oxygen.

Answers

Sorry i'm answering late !
Trees remove a significant amount of carbon dioxide from the air. They also remove ozone and particulates that accumulate in the air. In addition to removing these particles, trees release oxygen back into the air. By removing carbon dioxide and returning oxygen, trees help maintain the balance between these gases

Answer:

Photosynthesis is correct answer.

Explanation:

Various gases are found in the atmosphere, Oxygen and carbon dioxide are the two most important gases for the survival of plants and animals. Animals and human beings require oxygen to stay alive, while plants need carbon dioxide for producing food and photosynthesis.  Animals breathe the oxygen which is prepared by the plants. Marine animals also take oxygen dissolved in Oxygen. Plants use the process of photosynthesis for producing oxygen, during this process plants take in the carbon dioxide through the tiny openings on their leaves and release the oxygen as a waste product.

Check all statements below that are true. All organisms must compete for survival. When organisms struggle to survive, they usually mutate to increase chances of reproduction. Some organisms have phenotypes that make them better competitors than others in their environment. Animals undergo natural selection, but plants and other organisms generally do not. Natural selection continues to occur even today. Phenotypes found in the most successful members of a species become the most prevalent after several generations. A decrease in food availability will increase the variation in a population.

Answers

1. True

2. False

3.True

4.False

5.True

6.True

7.False

Hope this helps!!

The statements that are true are all of these, but the last one is wrong as it says, "A decrease in food availability will actually increase the variation in a population," which is only wrong because here in such case the population decline.

What is the scientific significance of natural selection?

The concepts of individual survival competition, mutation, and natural selection help in explaining how species adapt to changing environments and how new species can emerge over time in the ecosystem and understanding these concepts is very important for understanding how life on earth has evolved and continues to evolve.

Hence, the statements that are true are all of these, but the last one is wrong as it says, "A decrease in food availability will actually increase the variation in a population," which is only wrong because here in such case the population decline.

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Due to the increase in global temperatures, the range of plants and insects is increasing. The negative impact is that they now affect the local organisms in the area. What name do we use to refer to these plants and insects?

Answers

Answer:

The correct answer is - invasive species.

Explanation:

An invasive species is a species that can be plant, insect, fungus and any other type of organism that does not belong to a particular area or location but causing the harm to the ecosystem of that area.

They can be harmful by different aspects such as environmental, the economy and the health of humans.

Thus, the correct answer is - invasive species.

How did animals adapt/survive in hurricane katria (Plz help will mark brainliest)

Answers

In that they found food and found hiding places

Baby animals who live in trees, like squirrels and birds, are at high risk of being blown out of their nests and becoming lost, separated from their parents forever. One example is a litter of baby squirrels who were blown out of their nest and rescued by a Good Samaritan. “[I]f the animals had not been found they would have died within hours,” whether from shock or predators, the Daily Mail reported. But the news wasn’t all good for this squirrel family: sanctuary workers feared that their mother, whom rescuers could not locate, was still searching for her missing babies.

Birds are also in danger of death or dislocation from hurricanes. Some, like woodpeckers, know how to weather the storm — they stay in holes in trees. But migratory birds don’t fare as well. “Powerful winds from hurricanes and tropical storms can blow birds off course and push them hundreds of miles away from their home habitat,” according to the National Wildlife Federation (NWF). Some of them never make it back.

Non-migratory birds are in peril of losing their food sources. “Birds living in hurricane areas…suffer when their food supplies, such as fruits and berries, are stripped from trees and shrubs,” reports Birding.com. But at least the adults can stay put: their toes are designed to clench tight around branches, allowing them to resist even strong winds.

Sea mammals have it hard too. Kevin Coyle of NWF writes that “some dolphins and manatees have actually been blown ashore during major storms.”

Other sea life can suffer from the intermingling of salt and fresh water when a hurricane’s high winds cause storm surges, NWF explains: “[S]alty ocean water [piles] up and surge[s] onshore,” which “shifts the delicate balance of freshwater and brackish wetland areas. Creatures and vegetation that are less salt-tolerant will be harmed and many will not survive this influx of sea water.”


Which scenario describes unethical lab behavior? Danny stores the chemicals required for his experiment in flasks and beakers. Anna publishes the results of her experiment on the growth rate of saplings. Jason repeatedly runs an experiment until he gets the results he desires. Mia records her observations of an experiment precisely and accurately.

Answers

Answer is Jason repeatedly runs an experiment until he gets the results he desires.

Unethical lab behavior means manipulating the experiment result according to your desire. In this question, the unethical behavior is shown by Jason, he repeatedly runs his experiment until he gets the desired result. He should have stops running the experiment when he got the accurate result.

Answer: Jason repeatedly runs an experiment until he gets the results he desires.

Explanation:

Unethical lab behavior will result due to inappropriate use of glassware and chemicals used in the experiments, not following the safety precautions like not wearing lab court and not following the instructions of the teacher and lab incharge.

Among the given options, Jason repeatedly runs an experiment until he gets the results he desires is the correct one because of the fact that he is repeating the experiment so as to manipulate the result which he want to obtain. He may not be getting the desired result because his methodology may be incorrect to conduct the experiment. The repetition will likely to waste the chemicals. Also manipulation of the results is an unethical practice in the experimentation work.

According to the density profile shown here, at which depth would you find the coolest, saltiest waters?

A. depth B
B. depth A
C. depth C
D. You cannot tell from this graph

Answers

according the graph the answer would be C

Answer:

C. depth C

Explanation:

From the chart you can teel that the most dense, coolest and saltiest waters can be found at the deepest levels of depth, in this case the deepest from the options would be located at less than 3,000 meters and it would be point C. As we know as we go depeer into the water of the ocean pressure increases and with that density of the water also increases, under normal circumstances the sunlight and sun heat is the only thing that is able to heat up the water of the ocean, so the deeper you go, the less sunlight and less sun heat is available so the waters become cooler.

The general movement of low-pressure centers across the United States is from _____

Answers

The general movement of low-pressure centers across the United States is from  West to east

Temperatures in the US are cooler than they are nearer to the equator, so air pressure is moderate than it is in the tropics. Because wind flows table clockwise nearby low pressure, winds normally blow from west to east, shifting weather operations to the east.

Generally, dominant winds blow east-west rather than north-south. This occurs because Earth's revolution creates what is perceived as the Coriolis effect. The Coriolis effect creates wind systems rotate counter-clockwise in the North Hemisphere and clockwise in the South Hemisphere

Low-pressure centers move from west to east across the United States due to prevailing westerly winds.

The general movement of low-pressure centers across the United States is from west to east. In the Northern Hemisphere, weather systems, including low-pressure centers (also known as cyclones), tend to move in an eastward direction due to the rotation of the Earth.

This eastward movement is often referred to as "westerly flow" and is a result of the Coriolis effect, which deflects moving air masses to the right in the Northern Hemisphere.

This means that low-pressure systems typically approach the western United States and then move eastward, affecting different regions as they travel across the country.

This eastward movement of weather systems is a fundamental aspect of the United States' weather patterns.

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What happens when an oceanic and a continental plate collide?

Answers

The oceanic crust is pulled under, which forms a subduction zone. Hope this helps.

Answer:

The oceanic plate sinks below the continental plate.

Hope this helps.

Explanation:

what happens if arthritis destroys cartilage in a joint?

Answers

Hey!

Wat a coincidence! I just gave a speech on arthritis today! :D

If arthritus destroys cartilage in a joint, everything that is supposed to support the joint - such as ligaments, muscles and tendons - will weaken, and this will lead to pain known as RA.

Someone I knew had arthritus, and when it destroyed the cartilage in her joints, she was unable to walk anymore.

which statement correctly describes an example of the cohesive property of water

Answers

Explanation:

The water drop is made up of water molecules that like to stick together is an example of cohesive property of water.

Cohesion and adhesion are important properties of the water. Adhesion is attraction of water to other substances while cohesion is attraction of water to water. It affects every water molecule with on this Earth and also the interaction between the water molecules and other substances.

A property that allows the molecules and compounds of a substance to stick and bind together is called cohesion or cohesive property.

The correct statement about the cohesive property of water is:

Water that is poured onto a waxed surface will gather together to form droplets.

The water molecules are bonded together by hydrogen bonds.

When the water is poured on the waxy surface then the water droplets come together and due to cohesive nature sticks to each other.

Water exhibits adhesion and cohesion properties that allow them to bond to water molecules and other compounds.

Therefore, water molecules show cohesive properties.

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Please help me with number 2, and please list the genotypes

Answers

The F1 generation will appear to be only Bt

The number of what is a defining characteristic of the two types of angiosperms.

Answers

Answer:

cotyledons

Explanation:

cotyledons are the differnece and monocots has one cotyledons and dicots have two!

The number of cotyledons is a defining characteristic of the two different types of an angiosperm.

What are Cotyledons?

A cotyledon can be defined as a significant part of the embryo of a plant which is present within the seed of a plant, and it is defined as the embryonic leaf in the seed-bearing plants, one or more of these cotyledons are the first to appear from a germinating seed in a plant.

Number of cotyledons is the number of cotyledons which are found in the embryo of the plant, which is the actual basis for distinguishing the angiosperms into two major classes, and it is the source of the names such as Monocotyledonae or one cotyledon and Dicotyledonae or two cotyledons. The cotyledons are the seed leaves, which are produced by the embryo.

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the amount of inertia an object has depends on its blank

Answers

The amount of inertia an object has depends on its mass because the more mass the object has, the harder the object will be to stop and vice versa.
 Hope this helps!
Mass is your answer thank you have a nice day

Which statement presents a commonly-found format for hypothesis

Answers

b if the dependent variable is charged ,then the independent variable will also change.

The distance from the sun to Earth is one astronomical unit (AU). True False

Answers

The answer is true because An astronomical unit (AU) is the average distance between Earth and the Sun.

The planet's distance from the sun changes throughout the year. However, the average distance from Earth to the sun. Thus, this statement is true.

What is the one astronomical unit distance?

The distance is about 93 million miles (150 million kilometers). Scientists also call this distance one astronomical unit (AU).

The planet's distance from the sun changes throughout the year. However, the average distance from Earth to the sun.

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Transcription in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes is similar because

A. Transcription will not occur unless the repressor is occupied in both types of cells

B. Transcription occurs in the nucleus of both types of cells

C. The TATA box regulates the initiation of transcription in both types of cells

D. Both types of cells utilize promoters to signal where a gene begins

Answers

D is the right answer

Answer:

D) Both types of cells utilize promoters to signal where a gene begins

Explanation:

I took this quiz.

Curious Carl and his lab partner were trying to answer the question: "What is white light?" To do this, Carl directed an intense beam of light through a glass _________ that had been placed on a piece of white paper. As the beam of light emerged from the opposite side, a rainbow of colors was produced on the white paper.

Answers

light through a glass prism

Carl directed a beam of light through a glass prism. The prism causes the white light to be refracted. Each wavelength bends at a different angle, so the visible spectrum is seen on the opposite side, emerging from the prism.

How do the nutrients in soil become building materials for a plant to grow?

Answers

The nutrients from the soil is taken up by the roots to be distributed to the entire plant. The plant absorbs the nutrients into its cells and utilized by the leaves, stem, trunk. They are also used to grow flowers and to bare fruits.

Moreover, the nutrients are divided into two groups; first the macronutrients which is needed by the plants in large amount such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium and sulfur. Second group is the micronutrients, needed in tiny amounts that include zinc, copper, manganese, boron, iron, sodium and cobalt. These two groups are essential for normal plant growth and development.

 

A biology teacher asks his class to make models of a plant cell, an animal cell, and a bacterial cell. Aside from cytoplasm and the cell membrane, which other cell structure will the students need to make for all three models?

Answers

Plant Cell Structure: Chloroplast, Mitochondria, Plasma Membrane, Peroxisome, Golgi Apparatus, Vacuole, Ribosomes, Plasmodesmata, Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum, Nuclear Envelope, Nucleolus, Nucleus, Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum, 

Animal Cell Structure: Lysosome, Golgi Vesicles, Rough ER, Smooth ER, Centrioles, Golgi Apparatus, Mitochondrion, Nucleolus, Nucleus, Microtubules, Ribosome,

Bacteria Cell Structure: Ribosomes, Mesome, Capsule, Plasmid DNA, Bacterial Flagellum, Chromosomal DNA, Fimbriae

Answer:

The most possible answer would be ribosomes.

Explanation:

Bacteria is characterized as prokaryotes while animal and plants are eukaryotes.

Apart from the cytoplasm and cell membrane there are ribosomes are found in both prokaryotic cells eukaryotic cells, that can be bacteria, animal and plant cell. Ribosomes are essential for the translation of the DNA to form a protein.

In animal and plant cells they can be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or free in the cytoplasm whereas in bacterial cells ribosomes are usually found as free ribosomes in the cytoplasm.

Thus, the correct answer would be ribosomes.

A female cat has two recessive genes for long fur (ss) and a male cat has two dominant genes for short fur (SS). What is the likelihood the two cats produce a kitten with short fur?
A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 100%

Answers

The answer is D 100%

Answer:

Option D is correct

Explanation:

Given,

Genotype of female cat - ss

Genotype of male cat - SS

S represents the allele for short fur while s represents the allele for long fur.

Also S is dominant over s

The cross between SS and ss is represented by a punnet square as given below-

S S

s Ss Ss

s Ss Ss

Thus, all the offspring have a heterozygous genotype "Ss"

Therefor all the offspring will have short fur

Likelihood the two cats produce a kitten with short fur-

[tex]\frac{4}{4} * 100[/tex]

[tex]= 100[/tex]%

Option D is correct

Describe the body covering, the method of support, and the forms of movement used by jellyfish.

Answers

Jellyfish are like corals, gorgonians and anemones they belong in the group called cnidarians also jellyfish is a kind of invertebrates. This animal group has stinging cells which they use both to capture their prey and also as a form of defense.the type of movement that the jellyfish has is called passive locomotion another example aside from jellyfish which is sailing are kiting (spiders) and rolling (some beetles and spiders).

Jelly fishes a water loving creature, is composed of 3 layers:

- An outer layer also known as ectoderm

- A middle layer- composed of thick jelly like substance called mesoglea

- An inner layer  

The outer layer is covered with tentacles composed of stinging cells which are used to attack prey and for defense against the predators. There is present one single opening for mouth and anus.  

As explained, the body is covered with tentacles which help jelly fishes to attach and support themselves in movement. The type of locomotion jelly fish has is passive locomotion.


Tina is a climate scientist. She wants to investigate weather patterns from further back than the last 150 years. What sources can Tina use in her research?

Answers

Tina could use dendrochronology in her studies. Dendrochronology is the study of tree rings and scientists use this method to study past climatic conditions. Tree rings record the annual growth of the tree. A smaller than average tree ring indicates a possible drought or other climatic factor than can negatively affect the growth of trees. A larger than average ring can speak of favorable conditions for growth such as increased rainfall. 

I took the test on Plato and got it correct. The answer is Tree Rings and Ice Cores (if there is a second option)

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