The central dogma of molecular biology describes the process by which genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins. It involves transcription and translation. Understanding this process is key to understanding how cells function and regulate activities.
The central dogma of molecular biology explains the flow of genetic information within a biological system. First articulated by Francis Crick, it states that genetic information is stored in DNA, which is then transcribed into RNA. This RNA is subsequently translated into proteins, which perform most cellular functions.
This fundamental principle involves two main processes:
Transcription: DNA is used to make RNA.Translation: RNA is used to synthesize proteins.Understanding the central dogma is crucial as it encompasses how genes encoded in DNA result in functional proteins, allowing for cellular activities and regulation.
Gould and Eldredge proposed this new theory called
Final answer:
Paleontologists Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge proposed the theory of punctuated equilibria, which describes the pattern of evolution as long periods of stability interrupted by brief periods of rapid change, explaining the fossil record's structure and the relative stability of species over time.
Explanation:
Gould and Eldredge proposed a new evolutionary theory known as punctuated equilibria. This theory suggests that instead of species evolving continuously over time, they remain stable for long periods, known as equilibrium, and undergo rapid evolution during relatively brief periods of ecological instability, leading to new species. These evolutionary bursts punctuate the long periods of stasis. Punctuated equilibria helps explain the patterns observed in the fossil record, including the presence of small anatomical gaps between closely related fossil forms. The theory underscores the stability of species over time, with adaptation occurring primarily during the formation of a new species, rather than as a constant process. While it incorporates genetic principles, punctuated equilibria is primarily a theory of macroevolution, focusing on the transitions between species in geological time.
Understand how and why heredity increases the diversity among organisms
Which of the following is NOT a function of Earth's atmosphere?
A. provides carbon dioxide for plants
B. provides oxygen for plants and animals
C. keeps volcanoes from erupting too much
D. keeps Earth's surface at a comfortable temperature
The function of the earth's atmosphere does not involve the volcanoes that erupted so much.
The following should be the function of the earth atmosphere:
It gives carbon dioxide to plants. It gives oxygen to plants & animals. The surface of the earth should be at the temperature i.e. comfort.Therefore we can conclude that the function of the earth's atmosphere does not involve the volcanoes that erupted so much.
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Analysis Questions:
1. List five observations Darwin made about the Amblyrhynchus lizards.
2. Describe two examples of structural adaptations that Darwin observed.
3. Describe two behavioral adaptations that Darwin observed.
4. Explain how these observations influenced his theory of evolution?
These observations led Darwin to believe that if a certain trait is more advantageous in a specific environment, then the carriers of that trait are more likely to survive into adulthood and to generate offspring than those who do not have that trait. Eventually, the advantageous traits for a species will proliferate. Darwin later called this as "survival of the fittest".
I completely agree those answers got me a 100
An unlabeled hierarchical diagram of various astronomical bodies is shown below. The labels A, B, C, and D can be used to represent the Milky Way, Earth, universe, sun, and solar system.
Part 1: Which four astronomical bodies would you choose to represent the four labels in the diagram?
Part 2: Which astronomical body, other than the ones given, could also represent the label D?
Please Explain all your Work
how to differentiate between ectoplasm, endoplasm and cytoplasm?
Evolution never occurs in a straight line. There are always branches and nodes that can be seen along the way. Based on the image, which two statements are true?
1)All organisms have had one common ancestor in the past.
2)Chimpanzees are more evolved than all other organisms.
3)Gorillas share an extinct ancestor with bonobos.
4)Humans and chimpanzees are equally evolved.
5)Orangutans are unrelated to gorillas or bonobos.
Ans.
In a evolutionary or phylogenetic tree, the nodes represent common ancestral species of the descendants, which are represented by the tips of branches, arising from the nodes.
According to the given evolutionary tree, all organisms are evolved from a common ancestor, represented by the last node, which was present about 13 million years ago. Hence, the option 1). is correct.
The second last node is showing a common ancestor to gorilla, chimpanzee, bonobo, and human, which was evolved to different species about 6 million years ago. Hence, the option 3). is correct.
Thus, the correct options are 'option (1). and option (2).'
All organisms have had one common ancestor in the past. This statement reflects the concept of universal common ancestry in evolutionary biology. Gorillas share an extinct ancestor with bonobos. This statement suggests that gorillas and bonobos, two different species of primates, share a common ancestor in their evolutionary history.
The correct option is 1 and 3.
Over vast periods of time, species diverged and branched off from this common ancestral lineage, leading to the diversity of life we see today. The branching or divergence of their lineages from this common ancestor resulted in the separate evolution of gorillas and bonobos as distinct species.
Evolution does not work on a linear scale where one species is more "evolved" than others. Each species has its own unique evolutionary history and adaptations. Chimpanzees are more closely related to humans than they are to some other organisms, but this does not imply a hierarchy of evolutionary advancement. Evolutionary history does not involve a concept of species being equally evolved. Humans and chimpanzees share a common ancestor but have followed different evolutionary paths, resulting in distinct species. Orangutans, gorillas, and bonobos are all primates and share a common ancestor further back in evolutionary history. They are related, but they belong to different branches of the primate family tree, with each species having its own evolutionary lineage.
Hence , 1 and 3 are the correct option
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Prokaryotes that live in almost every habitat are...
Understand how fossils, the Law of Superposition and geologic timescale support the theory of evolution
What happens to the recessive allele in a heterozygous offspring
In a heterozygous offspring, the recessive allele becomes latent. It can be passed on to future generations and may show up in the phenotype if an offspring is homozygous recessive.
Explanation:In a heterozygous offspring, the recessive allele essentially becomes 'latent', meaning it is present but not expressed in the phenotype. This occurs due to Mendel's law of dominance which states that in a heterozygote, the dominant allele masks the effect of the recessive allele. The recessive allele will only be observable in offspring that are homozygous recessive in nature.
When parents with contrasting dominant and recessive traits reproduce, their offspring will mostly be heterozygous but will express the dominant trait in their phenotype. However, if these heterozygous offspring reproduce, the recessive trait can reappear in the next generation. This happens due to random segregation during formation of gametes where each allele from a pair has an equal chance of being passed on to the offspring.
The recessive trait can appear in the third generation with a 25% probability when heterozygous parents reproduce. This is because there's a 1 in 4 chance of getting a homozygous recessive offspring - that is, an offspring that inherits the recessive allele from both parents.
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Comparisons of cranial capacity between A. africanus and the later species H. erectus and A. boisei show that H. erectus had much larger brains, while A. boisei had only slightly larger brains, than A. africanus. There is evidence that A. africanus and H. erectus used tools, though the tools made by H. erectus required more skill and planning to craft. How do you think the toolmaking abilities of A. boisei would have compared? (A)A. boisei would have had very little ability to make tools, unlike the other two hominids.(B) A. boisei would have been able to make more advanced tools than the other two hominids. (C)A. boisei would have been able to make tools that were less advanced than H. erectus. (D)A. boisei would have made tools that were less advanced than those made by A. africanus.
Answer:
A. boisei would have been able to make tools that were less advanced than H. erectus.
Explanation:
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give 3 examples where kinetic and potential energy is transformed into each other both ways.
who was evolution established by
Which is a difference between antibodies and antigens?
Antigens destroy pathogens; antibodies trigger the production of antigens.
Antigens trigger the production of antibodies; antibodies destroy pathogens.
Antigens are components of the lymphatic system; antibodies are components of the immune system.
Antigens are components of the immune system; antibodies are components of the lymphatic system.
Antigens are foreign substances that trigger the production of antibodies in the body. Antibodies, produced by the immune system, recognize and neutralize these antigens, thus helping to protect the body from infections.
Explanation:The correct option is: Antigens trigger the production of antibodies; antibodies destroy pathogens. Antigens are foreign substances (usually proteins) that invade the body, like bacteria, viruses, or allergens. When your body recognizes these foreign substances, it produces antibodies. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that can identify and neutralize the antigens. In other words, antigens stimulate your immune system to produce antibodies against them, and then the antibodies bind to the antigens and eliminate them, protecting the body from infections.
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under ideal conditions, bacteria have a generation time of about 20 minutes. Humans have a generation time of about 20 years. Which would you expect to evolve faster? Why?
Bacteria would be expected to evolve faster than humans due to their significantly shorter generation time. This allows for frequent genetic recombination and mutation, resulting in rapid adaptation to environmental changes.
Explanation:Under ideal conditions, bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, can have a generation time as short as 20 minutes due to binary fission. This rapid reproduction, coupled with mechanisms of genetic recombination and high rates of mutation, results in the rapid evolution of bacteria. They can respond to environmental changes, such as the introduction of an antibiotic, very swiftly.
On the other hand, humans, as eukaryotic organisms, have a typical generation time of about 20 years. The significantly longer generation time in humans slows the pace of evolution considerably when compared to bacteria.
Therefore, under ideal conditions, we would expect bacteria to evolve faster than humans due to their shorter generation time, allowing for more frequent genetic recombination and mutation.
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Which organelles store food and other materials needed by the cell?
vacuoles
ribosomes
chloroplasts
mitochondria
The vacuoles are the organelles that store food and other materials required by the cell. They maintain pressure within the cell and support its structure besides storing substances. Other organelles have differing functions such as protein production, photosynthesis, and energy production.
Explanation:The organelles that store food and other materials needed by the cell are the vacuoles. Located mainly in plant cells, vacuoles are large, fluid-filled organelles that store substances like water, nutrients, or waste products. In addition to storing substances, they also contribute to many other functions within the cell such as maintaining pressure within the cell which helps the plant cell keep its structure.
It's worth noting that other organelles like ribosomes, chloroplasts, and mitochondria also play significant roles within cells. Ribosomes produce proteins, chloroplasts are involved in photosynthesis in plant cells, and mitochondria are responsible for producing energy in the cell through the process of cellular respiration.
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describe the interior of the rats stomach
How do natural selection and evolution contribute to antibiotic-resistant bacteria ?
in most animal cells a complex Network of proteins provides
which of the following
Answer:
Option D, All of the above
Explanation:
Complete Questions -
In most animal cells a complex Network of proteins provides which of the following -
A.Organization B.Movement C.Shape D. All of the above
Solution -
Proteins are complex molecule that plays a critical role in the body. They are responsible for defining the shape of the body and regulate its function and structure. Based on their functions, proteins are of different types such as antibody ( protective proteins), enzyme (catalyst), messenger ( transmit signals to co-ordinate between functioning of cells, tissues and organs), structural protein (that provide structure to allow a body to move) and transport protein (transport essential molecules with in the cell and through out the body)
Thus, option D is correct
What are the main necessary qualities for manned vehicles of the space program? Select all that apply.
durability
reliability
efficiency
miniaturization
The answers are actually reliability and miniaturization. Brainliest please.
Answer:
The answers are actually:
Durability
Reliabilty
Explanation:
I answered these and i got it right.
HELP PLEASE
What is a common issue with both tidal power and OTEC?
Maintenance costs due to salt water corrosion
Necessary temperature differences in the water
Having to construct a dam
All of the above
The answer should be the first option
Maintenance costs due to salt water corrosion
which biome has multistory communities?
Rain Forest (:
(Novanet)
The correct answer is rain forest.
The tropical rainforest refers to a forest of tall trees in the warm regions of the planet. An average of 50 to 260 inches of rain falls annually. Rainforests come under the tropical wet climate group.
Rainforests cover about 6 percent of the Earth's land surface. The tropical rainforests generate about 40 percent of the Earth's oxygen. The rainforests are biomes that comprise of various communities within them. A community refers to a naturally taking place group of local animals, plants, and other species, which are associating in a specific habitat.
an object in an electrical circuit resists the flow of energy called a
A switch
B resistor
C ohm
D current
Which of the following is the main evidence of life in the early universe?
Question 1 options:
dinosaur fossils
rock layering
plant remains
cyanobacteria
5.17 Unit Test: History of Life on Earth, Part 1 Pool 2
Question 2 (3 points)
Question 2 Unsaved
Which of the following would have resulted from the functions of prokaryotes on early Earth?
Question 2 options:
Earth's oceans grew larger
less oxygen gas became present in the atmosphere
less carbon became present in Earth's soil
more oxygen gas became present in the atmosphere
5.17 Unit Test: History of Life on Earth, Part 1 Pool 3
Question 3 (3 points)
Question 3 Unsaved
Which of the following was most likely not present in creating the amino acids of early Earth's waters of the past?
Question 3 options:
sulfur
nitrogen
hydrogen
ammonia
5.17 Unit Test: History of Life on Earth, Part 1 Pool 4
Question 4 (3 points)
Question 4 Unsaved
Which of the following is used as evidence in supporting the idea that life changes over time?
Question 4 options:
the big bang theory
the existence of homologous structures
the similarities in body systems such as the nervous and circulatory systems
the time period in which an embryo develops
5.17 Unit Test: History of Life on Earth, Part 1 Pool 5
Question 5 (3 points)
Question 5 Unsaved
The diagram shows embryo development of four different animals. How is this evidence used to suggest that life changes over time?
History of Life on Earth
Question 5 options:
Late-stage embryonic development illustrates how acquired characteristics have caused these species to become more differentiated over time.
The DNA of all these life forms begins exactly the same and then changes over time as it replicates to produce the organisms different traits.
These stages indicate that animals within a species must have changed over time.
Striking similarities at early developmental stages is evidence that they came from a common ancestor.
5.17 Unit Test: History of Life on Earth, Part 1 Pool 6
Question 6 (3 points)
Question 6 Unsaved
Which of the following describes how homologous structures provide evidence to support that life changes over time?
Question 6 options:
some animals exhibit similar structures, possibly due to a common ancestor
some animals exhibit similar stages of embryonic development
some animals exhibit structures that are no longer used for any purpose
some fossils exhibit similar biological proteins
Question 7 (3 points)
Question 7 Unsaved
How can these forelimbs explain how life changes over time?
History of Life on Earth
Question 7 options:
These illustrations show the progressive development of the forelimb in a species over time, one example of how life has changed over time.
These illustrations show the homologous forelimbs of four different species with enough similarities to suggest all had a common ancestor.
The illustrations show the vestigial structures of four different species that once had a function in an ancestral organism but no longer have a function today.
These illustrations show the variety of bone structures that exist among different species and how life has changed over time as new species develop.
Answer:
number 2 is D im pretty sure
Explanation:
Inorganic fertilizers have a positive effect on agricultural crops but can adversely affect surrounding areas. What is a negative result of increased inorganic fertitizer run-off into ponds and lakes?
Inorganic fertilizers have a positive effect on agricultural crops but can adversely affect the surrounding areas and show a negative result by running off into ponds and lakes. The fertilizers are toxic and can pollute the water bodies.
What are inorganic fertilizers?Fertilizers are the chemicals which are added to the soil to increase the fertility of soil. Chemical fertilizers overuse can contribute to both the soil acidification and the soil crust, thus reducing the content of organic matter, humus, beneficial species in the soil and also reduces the plant growth, alters the pH of soil, growth of pests, and even lead to the release of many greenhouse gases.
Too much use of fertilizers can kill the plants and the excess amount of fertilizers can runoff into waterbodies causing toxic algal blooms to develop which are harmful to aquatic life and other living organisms. Excess fertilizer runoff from agricultural lands can also contribute to aquatic “dead zones” in coastal areas.
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From the images, what can you infer about the wings of the bat and the butterfly? They have a similar structure but perform a different function. They have a similar structure and perform a similar function. They have a different structure and perform a different function. They have a different structure but perform a similar function.
Answer:
They have a different structure but perform a similar function
To which phylum would a flowering plant that produces seeds belong?
A. Bryophyta B. Lycophyta C. Anthophyta D. Ginkgophyta
when a divergent boundary occurs under the ocean it is called
Beth learned in her science class that white blood cells in the human body capture harmful material by engulfing them. Then they digest them using enzymes, thus protecting the body from infection. Which eukaryote has a similar mode of nutrition?
Answer:
The Answer Is C): Amoeba
Explanation:
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Amoebas are eukaryotic microorganisms that have a similar mode of nutrition to the process described for white blood cells. They capture and engulf food particles, such as bacteria or small organic particles, through a process called phagocytosis.
After engulfing the food particle, amoebas form a food vacuole around it. Within the food vacuole, enzymes are secreted to digest the captured material, allowing the amoeba to obtain nutrients and energy from the ingested material.
This process of engulfing and digesting food is known as phagocytic nutrition and is a characteristic feature of certain eukaryotic organisms like amoebas.
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During a total solar eclipse, you observe a red ring in the sky. Which part of the Sun are you seeing?
a)corona
b)photosphere
c)chromosphere
d)radiative zone