What is the difference between the rough ER and the smooth ER? What is the ER doing that is different in each case?
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of interconnected, flattened membranous sacs called the cisternae. It is of two types namely the rough Endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the smooth Endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The surface of rough ER is characterized by the presence of the ribosomes whereas the surface of the smooth ER is smooth and do not show the presence of ribosomes.
The function of the rough ER and the smooth ER are different from each other. The rough ER is involved in the manufacture, packaging of proteins and synthesis of enzymes. The smooth ER is involved in the synthesis of lipids, steroid hormones and lipid metabolism.
The ER can be rough or smooth, with the former involved in protein synthesis and the latter in lipid synthesis, detoxification, and calcium storage. Both types are responsible for different kinds of cellular functions and their presence varies depending on the cell type. Proteins synthesized on the RER are also subject to folding and other modifications inside the ER.
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays a crucial role in protein synthesis and lipid metabolism. There are two distinct types: rough ER (RER), which is characterized by the presence of ribosomes on its surface and is involved in protein synthesis; and smooth ER (SER), which lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid synthesis, detoxification processes, and calcium ion storage. Rough ER is responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are either destined for the cell membrane, secretion, or as part of the cell's membrane system. While smooth ER is associated with lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, regulation of carbohydrate metabolism, and detoxification of drugs and poisons.
Cells possess their own ER, but its functions extend beyond emergency situations. Proteins are made on the RER and undergo important modifications, such as folding with the help of chaperones and addition of carbohydrates through glycosylation. Following synthesis and modification, proteins are transported to various destinations within the cell or outside of it. Folding and modification are crucial as they ensure that proteins achieve the correct three-dimensional structure necessary for their function. The ER lumen's environment permits the formation of disulfide bonds which are critical for stabilizing proteins. In the ER, proteins may also undergo modifications like glycosylation, which involves adding sugar moieties, and the assembly of multimeric proteins.
When ibuprofen is given for fever to children 6 months of age up to 2 years, the usual dose is 5 milligrams (mg) per kilogram (kg) of body weight when the fever is under 102.5 degrees fahrenheit. how much medicine would be usual dose for a 18 month old weighing 18 pounds?
Answer:
45mg
Explanation:
The usual dose of ibuprofen for an 18-month-old weighing 18 pounds would be approximately 40.8233 mg.
Explanation:To calculate the usual dose of ibuprofen for a child between 6 months and 2 years old, you need to convert their weight from pounds to kilograms. Since 1 kilogram is equal to 2.20462 pounds, you can use this conversion factor to find the weight in kilograms. In this case, the 18-month-old weighs 18 pounds, which is approximately 8.16466 kilograms.
Now, you can calculate the usual dose by multiplying the weight in kilograms by 5 milligrams per kilogram. So, for an 18-month-old weighing 18 pounds, the usual dose would be:
Usual dose = 8.16466 kg * 5 mg/kg = 40.8233 mg
Hydrogen peroxide does not make a good antiseptic for open wounds because ____________. view available hint(s) hydrogen peroxide does not make a good antiseptic for open wounds because ____________. it evaporates too quickly catalase in human tissues neutralizes it it is too toxic for human cells it is too expensive for this type of use
You just took a tumble and your arm really hurts. you are wishing your brain would release a lot of _____ to help relieve the pain.
To move from a water environment to land or a terrestrial environment, organisms need adaptations to ensure and aid in the survival of young
A)Habitat
B)fertilization
To move from a water environment to land or a terrestrial environment, organisms need adaptations to ensure and aid in the survival of young fertilization.
What is adaptation?An organism, such as a plant or animal, is said to have an adaptation if it possesses a heritable characteristic that increases its chances of surviving in its environment and reproducing successfully. Structural, physiological, and behavioral adaptations are the three types of adaptations that exist.
The process of natural selection is responsible for this phenomenon. The characteristics of the species gradually shift as a result of natural selection, and they eventually become adapted to the niche. It is possible for species to continue to exist for a very long time before they become extinct if they are able to become extremely well adapted to their environment and if that environment does not undergo any changes.
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The correct answer is (A) Habitat.
When organisms transition from a water environment to a terrestrial environment, they require adaptations that address the challenges of the new habitat. These adaptations are crucial for the survival of the young, as well as the adults, and include features such as:
1. Water Conservation: Terrestrial organisms need to conserve water to prevent desiccation. This can be achieved through adaptations like a waterproof outer layer (such as skin or cuticle), reduced surface area to volume ratio, and behaviours that minimize water loss (e.g., nocturnal activity).
2. Gas Exchange: In water, gas exchange occurs through gills or directly through the skin. On land, organisms typically use lungs or tracheal systems for respiration.
3. Reproduction: Terrestrial organisms often have adaptations to ensure that fertilization and development of young can occur in a dry environment. This may include internal fertilization, the development of amniotic eggs, or viviparity (live birth).
4. Support and Movement: The shift from an aquatic to a terrestrial environment requires changes in support and locomotion structures due to the reduced buoyancy and increased gravitational effects on land.
5. Nutrition: Adaptations in feeding mechanisms and digestive systems are necessary to cope with the different types of food available on land compared to water.
In contrast, fertilization (option B) is a process that can occur in both aquatic and terrestrial environments, and while it may require adaptations, it is not the overarching category that encompasses the broad range of changes needed for the transition from water to land. Habitat, therefore, is the more comprehensive term that includes all aspects of an organism's environment to which it must adapt to survive and reproduce successfully on land.
On a call to a crime-ridden area where drug abuse is common, you are sure that the current call for a patient with altered mental status and difficulty breathing will involve drugs. when you arrive on scene, you look for anything that confirms this hypothesis and ignore anything that does not point to drug abuse. this is
What two features make hair a good subject for establishing individual identity? to which layer of the hair shaft are much of these features attributed?
How many protons are present in the nuclei of the three known isotopes of hydrogen?
Which organism is most likely to be responsible for the boils? which organism is most likely to be responsible for the boils? bacillus cereus escherichia coli staphylococcus aureus staphylococcus epidermidis?
The answer is Staphylococcus aureus.
Boil (furuncle) presents skin infections, usually associated with infections near the root of the hair or the sebaceous gland. The most common causative agent of boils is Staphylococcus aureus, a penicillin-resistant bacteria. It is formed by pushing the bacteria in one place in the skin, which results in the creation of pus. A boil is most often the result of insufficient skin hygiene (if the skin is unevenly cleaned), then accidental and invisible damage that is not treated in a timely manner.
Two types of genes play major roles in regulating the cell cycle: Proto-oncogenes encourage cell division, while tumor-suppressor genes inhibit cell division. The balance between these two types of genes may be disrupted by naturally occurring or environmentally caused A) proteins. B) mutations. C) inhibitors. D) cell cycle clocks.
Answer:
B. Mutations
Explanation:
Mutations are the random changes in the genome of the organisms. Mutations in proto-oncogene or tumor suppressor gene can result in loss of balance between these two types of genes. It causes loss of control over cell cycle. Mutations can be caused by natural or environmental factors such as X-rays, ultraviolet radiations as well as certain toxins.
A provider is performing an experimental cervical sympathectomy on a patient with raynaud's syndrome. what cpt® and icd-10-cm codes are reported?
A client admitted 72 hours ago with a diagnosis of major depression presents for breakfast today appropriately dressed and well groomed, and appears to be calm and relaxed, yet more energetic than before. which initial action should the nurse take after noting this client's behavior?
Answer:
The correct answer is "ask the client if she or he has any suicidal thoughts".
Explanation:
One of the most important and complicated labors of a nurse is to ask a person about the presence of any suicidal thoughts. Is the nurse's responsibility to ask this question to any person diagnosed with major depression. Given that this client has major depression but with episodes of apparent calmness, it is particularly important lo look for suicidal thoughts, because many people that takes his own life experiences this episodes of apparent calmness.
Fill in the blank. Binomial nomenclature is the term that describes Linnaeus’s system for naming organisms using the name followed by the name.
Genius and species is your answer :) Hope this helps!
The cell shown above is forming a cleavage furrow as the first stage of cytokinesis. To which organism does the cell pictured likely belong?
The cell shown forming a cleavage furrow as the first stage of cytokinesis likely belongs to a multicellular organism, specifically an animal.
Explanation:The process of cytokinesis, specifically the formation of a cleavage furrow, is a characteristic feature of animal cells undergoing cell division. This distinct mechanism is employed by animal cells to complete the process of cell division during mitosis and meiosis. The cleavage furrow is formed as a result of the contraction of the actin-myosin ring, leading to the physical separation of the two daughter cells. This mechanism is not observed in plant cells, which typically form a cell plate during cytokinesis.
Therefore, based on the presence of a cleavage furrow, we can confidently conclude that the cell in question is from an animal organism.Animal cells exhibit unique features during cell division, such as the absence of a rigid cell wall and the involvement of microfilaments in the formation of the cleavage furrow. The contractile ring, consisting of actin and myosin filaments, contracts and pinches the cell membrane, resulting in the formation of two distinct daughter cells.
This process is vital for the growth and development of multicellular animals. In contrast, plant cells, which possess a rigid cell wall, form a cell plate to divide during cytokinesis. Therefore, the identification of a cleavage furrow is a key indicator that the cell belongs to an animal organism, highlighting the importance of understanding the unique characteristics of cell division mechanisms in different organisms.
Complete Question:
The cell shown above is forming a cleavage furrow as the first stage of cytokinesis. To which organism does the cell pictured likely belong?
Sickle cell disease is a genetic disorder that gives red blood cells are crescent shape instead of the typical disc shape.This genetic diseases recessive. Have to individuals who have one recessive gene have four children, what percentage of the sale children will show symptoms of circle.
-25%
-100%
-50%
-75%
Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder, and when two carriers have children, there is a 25% chance that a child will inherit the disease and show symptoms.
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder where the red blood cells take on a sickle-like shape. The disease is caused by a mutation in the hemoglobin gene, resulting in abnormal hemoglobin S. This disorder is autosomal recessive, which means a child must inherit the mutated gene from both parents to exhibit symptoms of the disease.
When two carriers of the sickle cell trait, each having one copy of the mutated gene, have children, the possible genetic outcomes are as follows:
25% chance of inheriting two normal hemoglobin genes (AA) - not affected by SCD50% chance of inheriting one normal hemoglobin gene and one sickle hemoglobin gene (AS) - considered carriers but generally do not exhibit symptoms of SCD25% chance of inheriting two sickle hemoglobin genes (SS) - affected by SCD and will exhibit symptomsTherefore, the percentage of their children expected to show symptoms of sickle cell disease is 25%.
A food with a high energy density has a small number of calories per ounce of weight. false
What do all electromagnetic waves have in common?
Answer:
It is based on the properties of electromagnetic waves.
Explanation:
1. They all travel with the speed of light.
2. They all do not need a material medium for their propagation.
3. They propagate in the perpendicular direction to both applied electric and magnetic field vectors.
What do male calico cats, children with Down syndrome and children with Turner syndrome all have in common?
If Tyler does not eat a diet that include essential amino acids his cells will not be able to bulid
In chemiosmosis, what is the most direct source of energy that is used to convert adp + ℗i to atp?
What discovery by t.h. morgan finally determined that genes were carried on chromosomes?
The identification of sex-linkage in fruit flies by T.H. Morgan led to the conclusion that genes were carried on chromosomes.
T.H. Morgan's discovery of sex-linkage in fruit flies led to the conclusion that genes were carried on chromosomes. According to Morgan and his colleagues, some features, like eye colour, showed different inheritance patterns connected to the sex of the parent. They came to the conclusion that these features had a connection to the sex chromosomes as a result. They discovered, in particular, that the fruit fly eye colour gene was carried on the X chromosome, which offered strong support for the notion that genes are contained on chromosomes.
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Manta rays, sting rays, and eagle rays are similar to lampreys in that they have cartilagenous skeletons. how are they different from lampreys?
The term meaning a surgical incision into a vein is
The term meaning a surgical incision into a vein is called venesection or phlebotomy. These procedures are used primarily in the treatment of disorders like polycythemia vera and hemochromatosis and for drawing blood for diagnostic tests.
Explanation:The term referring to a surgical incision into a vein is called venesection or phlebotomy. Venesection is predominantly used in the treatment of particular diseases like polycythemia vera and hemochromatosis. Phlebotomy, on the other hand, although used interchangeably with venesection, is frequently associated in medical settings with the process of drawing blood for diagnostic tests.
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This is a standard table of genetic code. A cell’s proteins are made in response to the genetic code contained in the cell’s DNA. Where is this DNA found?
A) in the ribosomes, which are located in the nucleus
Eliminate
B) in the chromosomes, which are located in the nucleus
C) in the ribosomes, which are located in the cytoplasm
D) in the chromosomes, which are located in the cytoplasm
Answer:
B: in the chromosomes, which are located in the nucleus
Explanation:
A cell’s proteins are made in response to the genetic code contained in the cell’s DNA, and this DNA is found in the chromosomes, which are located in the nucleus and are present in option B.
What is the significance of the DNA in a chromosome?Generally, the DNA is present in the nucleus in the chromatid form, but when the cell starts to divide, the DNA condenses to form the chromosome along with the histone protein that gives the DNA the condensed form of the chromosome. The DNA contains genes that can form proteins, but this is only possible when the DNA is relaxed rather than condensed into a chromosome.
Hence, a cell’s proteins are made in response to the genetic code contained in the cell’s DNA, and this DNA is found in the chromosomes, which are located in the nucleus and are present in option B.
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Which is part of the nonspecific immune response?
A.Lymphocytes
B.Fever
C.B cells
D.Making antibodies
Fever is part of the nonspecific immune response and helps the body fight off infections.
Explanation:
The part of the nonspecific immune response among the given options is Fever. Fever is a natural response of the body to fight off infections. When pathogens enter the body, the immune system releases chemicals that raise the body's temperature, making it difficult for the pathogens to survive and replicate.
Lymphocytes, B cells, and making antibodies are all part of the specific immune response. Lymphocytes, specifically T cells and B cells, are involved in recognizing and destroying specific pathogens. B cells produce antibodies, which are specific proteins that target and neutralize pathogens.
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The human capacity for storing long-term memories is
The human capacity for storing long-term memories is around 2.5 petabytes.
The human capacity for storing long-term memories is vast and difficult to quantify precisely. The brain has a remarkable ability to store an immense amount of information over a lifetime.
While it is challenging to provide an exact measure of storage capacity, estimates suggest that the human brain may have the potential to store around 2.5 petabytes of information.
Thus, the capacity for long-term memory storage is not solely determined by the storage space but also involves various complex processes in the brain.
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Which statement is true of the climate of a desert?
A) Sunset is expected at 8:07 PM.
B) The temperature dropped to 54° last night.
C) The forecast calls for no rain in the next ten days.
D) The average rainfall is less than 6 inches per year.
Peristalsis is a voluntary action that takes place during digestion.
a. true
b. false
The brain grows the most rapidly during the first ________ years of life
The brain grows the most rapidly during the first few years of life. Research suggests that neural connections and pathways occur during this period of rapid growth. The brain becomes more complex, efficient, and functional during childhood and adolescence.
Explanation:The brain grows the most rapidly during the first few years of life. Research suggests that the majority of neural connections and pathways occur during this period of rapid growth, known as blooming. This growth is followed by a period of pruning, where neural connections are reduced to make the brain function more efficiently. By the age of six, the brain has already attained about 90 percent of its adult size. During the first few years of life, the frontal lobes, which are associated with planning, reasoning, memory, and impulse control, grow rapidly. Overall, the brain becomes more complex, efficient, and functional during childhood and adolescence.
Howe's six dimensions of professional codes of morality include?
The best sign that a 1-year-old is securely attached is when the child: