What is your understanding of the difference between a stream cipher and a block cipher?

Answer: CSMA/CD

Explanation:

 CSMA/CD (Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection) is the media access that is use by the twisted pair ethernet networks. The CDMA/CD is one of the protocol that is used by the various types of computer ethernet in the network.

The carrier sense multiple access is one of the part of MAC (media access protocol) protocol that is implemented by the multiple ethernet networking in the system.

Twisted-pair Ethernet networks use the CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) media access method. This allows devices to detect if the network is free and manage collisions if they occur.

The media access method used by twisted-pair Ethernet networks is CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection). This method allows devices to sense whether the network is free before they send data. If two devices detect that the network is free and start sending data at the same time, a collision occurs. In this situation, the devices stop transmitting for a random length of time before attempting to send the data again.

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Answer:

True.

Explanation:

Magnetic tape is used to store data.It is one of the oldest technology for data storage.It is suitable for  high volume data and storing it for long duration.It's cost is also very less.

Magnetic Tapes are well suited for storing data for long duration because of it's durability.It's shelf life is 30-years.

Answer:

 The exception handling occurs when the unexpected events are happened, which basically require special type of processing. The exception handling is the mechanism that mainly handle all type of the exception during the run time process in the system.

In the object oriented programming, the testers face issue during the development as it used for prevent the abnormal node in the program and also it customize the exceptional message in the system.

We basically used the try catch block in the exception handling as, it efficiently handle the difficult situation in the object oriented development.

Answer: 0.1937

Explanation:

Given : A bowl contains 20 candies; 15 are chocolate and 5 are vanilla.

If we select 5 candies, then the number of ways to select them is given by permutations.

The number of ways to select 5 candies is given by :-

[tex]^{15}P_5=\dfrac{15!}{(15-5)!}=\dfrac{15\times14\times13\times12\times11\times10!}{10!}=360360[/tex]

The number of ways of selecting any 5 candies out of 20:-

[tex]^{20}P_5=\dfrac{20!}{(20-5)!}\\\\=\dfrac{20\times19\times18\times17\times16\times15!}{15!}\\\\=1860480[/tex]

Now, the probability that all 5 are chocolate :-

[tex]=\dfrac{360360}{1860480}=0.193691950464\approx0.1937[/tex]

Hence, the probability that all 5 are chocolate =0.1937

Answer:

A bowl contains 20 candies; 15 are chocolate and 5 are vanilla.

If we select 5 candies, then the number of ways to select them is given by permutations.

The number of ways to select 5 candies is given by :-

^{15}P_5=\dfrac{15!}{(15-5)!}=\dfrac{15\times14\times13\times12\times11\times10!}{10!}=360360

15

P

5

=

(15−5)!

15!

=

10!

15×14×13×12×11×10!

=360360

The number of ways of selecting any 5 candies out of 20:-

\begin{lgathered}^{20}P_5=\dfrac{20!}{(20-5)!}\\\\=\dfrac{20\times19\times18\times17\times16\times15!}{15!}\\\\=1860480\end{lgathered}

20

P

5

=

(20−5)!

20!

=

15!

20×19×18×17×16×15!

=1860480

Now, the probability that all 5 are chocolate :-

=\dfrac{360360}{1860480}=0.193691950464\approx0.1937=

1860480

360360

=0.193691950464≈0.1937

Hence, the probability that all 5 are chocolate

Talking about models, validation is the process by the model is corroborated and its outputs are compared with experimental results. From validation, it can be seen how quantitative and qualitative accurate the model is, and it can be confirmed model fidelity to the real world.

Answer: Communications tool that are currently popular are as follow:

a) Intranet:

Intranet is known as a private hub which can be accessed by an authorized individual within an organisation. It is predominately utilized in order to drive internal collaboration and communication.

b) Private Messaging :

Spaces that provide private messaging and also other functions are often perceived as great tool for business communication, in order to keep teams working together. It’s referred to as an effective type of communication mostly for employees and managers.

c) Discussion Forums :

A discussion forum can be referred to as something which brings together employees and management and thus allows for open discussion on several topics. Forums are effective in order to archive organisational knowledge that can be used by individuals as a reference.

d) Internal Blogs :

Internal blog is known as a place where an employee or an individual can share experiences and notion fast and also in an informal way.

Answer:

The correct answer for the given question is the new operator.

Explanation:

An abstract class is those which have the only declaration of the abstract method, not a definition. Any class which inherits abstract class must define all the method of abstract otherwise it also be abstract.

To declared any abstract class following syntax is used  

abstract class class name

{

// abstract method  

}

To create an instance of an abstract class we can use a new keyword. The new keyword created the instance of an abstract class.

encapsulation is the feature of object-oriented we cannot create an object by using encapsulation so this option is wrong.

The public is an access modifier we cannot create an object by using public keyword so this option is also wrong.

Therefore the correct answer is new.

Explanation:

A hub is used to send the message from one port to other ports.It does not know the specific address of the destination where the message needs to send.it works on Physical layer of the OSI model(layer 1).

A switch can handle data and it knows the specific address of the destination.A switch works on the data link Layer of the OSI model(layer 2).

Answer: b) GNATT chart

Explanation: GNATT is the type of chart that displays the schedule or working in the form of bars in horizontal direction .The chart displays the duties /task performed on the vertical axis and the time periods on horizontal axis week-vise. This chart is usually used for project management purpose fr coordination, tracing, planning etc.

Other options are incorrect because project staffing chart is for the display of the staff activities involved during project, histogram is graph representation using bars of different heights and entity diagram displays the entities relation in databases..Thus , the correct option is option(b).

Answer:

strcmp(char * A, char * B);

strcat(char * A, char * B)

Explanation:

One of these basic functions is the function strcmp(char * A, char * B).

This functions compares if two strings are equal; If they are, it returns 0. If not, it returns 1;

So, an example:

char A[13] = "Buffalo Bills";

char B[13] = "Buffalo Bills";

if (strcmp(A,B) == 0)

printf("The strings are the same\n);

else

printf("The strings are not the same");

In this case, they are the same.

----------------------

If for example:

char B[13] = "Buffalo Billz"

It would fall in the else, A and B would not be the same strings.

--------------------------

Other function is the strcat(char * A, char * B);

This function takes two strings as an input, and concatenate them to the first.

For example:

char A[15] = "Buffalo";

char B[5] = "Bills";

strcat(A, B);

printf("%s\n", A);

The output is:

Buffalo Bills

Answer:

When designing a cache, you have to consider this things:

If the cache has a bigger block size may have a lower delay, but when miss the miss rate will be costly. If an application has high spatial locality a bigger block size will do well, but programs with poor spatial locality will not because a miss rate will be high and seek time will be expensive.

Final answer:

The block size in cache design determines the amount of data stored in each cache block. It affects cache hit rate and wasted storage space. The optimal block size depends on various factors.

Explanation:

The block size in cache design refers to the amount of data that can be stored in each cache block. It plays a crucial role in determining the cache's performance and efficiency. A larger block size can lead to a lower cache miss rate and higher hit rate, as it allows for more data to be fetched from memory at once. However, a larger block size also results in more wasted storage space, known as internal fragmentation.

For example, let's consider a cache with a block size of 64 bytes. If the processor requests a single 4-byte integer, the cache will still load the entire 64-byte block into the cache. This leads to wasted space and can reduce the effective cache capacity. On the other hand, if the block size is too small, the cache may experience frequent cache misses, as it would need to load more blocks to fetch the required data.

Choosing the optimal block size involves balancing the trade-off between cache hit rate and wasted storage space. Factors like the access pattern of the application, cache associativity, and memory bandwidth also influence the effect of block size on cache performance.

Answer: Records

Explanation:

A group of the related file is basically stored in a record as record is the collection of the related field.

A record is the object in the database that basically contain one and more than one value.

In the database, the records are also store in the form of table and in table the data are in the form of rows and columns. There is multiple table in the database and each of the table basically contain multiple records.

Answer:

30 Kbps

30 Mb

300 bytes

Explanation:

a. 10 Kbps * 3 = (10 * 3) Kbps = 30 Kbps [Note: numbers and units are aggregated and processed separately]

b. 10 Mbps * 3 sec  = (10 * 3) Mbps * sec = 30 Mbps*s = 30 Mb [Note: numbers and units are aggregated and processed separately]b

c. Byte is a unit of storage in a computer. 1 byte is made up of eight bits, while each bit  can be either 0 or 1.

1 byte = 8 bit

=> 1 bit = 1/8 byte

=> 2400 bits = 1/8 * 2400 = 300 bytes

Answer:

// here is code in c++

// headers

#include <bits/stdc++.h>

using namespace std;

// main function

int main()

{

   // variables

   int n,num;

   double sum=0, avg;

   long long int prod=1;

   cout<<"Enter value of N:";

   // read value of N

   cin>>n;

   cout<<"enter "<<n<<" numbers:";

   // read the N numbers

   for(int x=0;x<n-1)

   {

    cin>> num;

    // calculate sum of all

    sum=sum+num;

    calculate product of all

    prod=prod*num;

   }

   // print sum

   cout<<"sum of all "<<n<<" numbers is: "<<sum<<endl;

   // print product

   cout<<"product of all numbers is : "<<prod<<endl;

   print average

   cout<<"average of all "<<n<<" numbers is: "<<sum/n<<endl;

return 0;

}

Explanation:

Read the value of n from user.Then ask user to enter n numbers. Then calculate sum of all entered number and their product.After this calculate the average of entered number by dividing sum with n.Print sum, product and average of n numbers.

Output:

enter value of N:6

enter 6 numbers:1 2 3 4 5 6

sum of all 6 numbers is: 15

product of all numbers is : 120

average of all 6 numbers is: 2.5

Final answer:

The program starts by asking the user to specify the number of elements (N). The program demonstrates user input, loops, and basic arithmetic operations to achieve the desired output.

Explanation:

A sample C++ program that performs this task is :

Answer:

To change the value of private or protected members.

Explanation:

Mutator also known as setters are the member function or method in class that is used to set or change the value of private or protected members. Mutator does not return any values. They are very important in Object Oriented Programming.

Answer:

 The E-R diagram is basically used in the designing and debugging the relational database in the field of the information system and software engineering.

In the E-R diagram, entity is the object and the component of the data that is used to represent as rectangle.

This E-R diagram is basically used to control the conjunction in the DFD (Data flow diagram). Entities, attribute and action are the three main components that are used in the E-R diagram.

Answer:

 The web services is the software that uses over the internet and also used various standard XML message system.

The web services is basically used in various applications to make the platform and various types of the technologies independent.

The web services play very important role in the web development as, it allow various types of applications to share data and different types of services with each other in the system. It is used in various UNIX applications and java for the communication purpose.

Answer:

49>y

Explanation:

Given objective: Is 49 greater than y?

Among the options:  

a) 49 > y => 49 is greater than y

b) 49 >= y => 49 greater than or equal to y

c) 49 <y => 49 is less than y or in other words, y is greater than 49.

d) 49 !=y => 49 is not equal to y.

So the requires solution is represented by (a) namely, 49>y . This can be alternatively read as y<49, that is y is less than 49. The other options do not represent the given requirement as illustrated earlier.  

CRC cards and use-case scenarios are crucial tools in object-oriented analysis and design. They involve defining class responsibilities and interactions (CRC) and detailing user-system interactions (use-case scenarios). These tools help construct efficient computer models by identifying patterns and structures within systems.

Understanding CRC Cards

CRC cards are a brainstorming tool used to represent the responsibilities of classes and how they interact with other classes. Each card typically has three sections: the class name, the responsibilities of the class, and the collaborators (other classes) that the class interacts with.

For example, a CRC card for a Library class might look like this:

Use-Case Scenarios

Use-case scenarios describe the interactions between a user and a system to achieve a specific goal. These scenarios help in understanding the functional requirements of the system by detailing the sequence of actions and reactions required to complete a given task.

For example, a use-case scenario for borrowing a book might include:

Both CRC cards and use-case scenarios provide a structured approach to analyze and design a system, ensuring that all necessary interactions and responsibilities are accounted for.

Answer:

True

Explanation:

Most of the organization suffers from InfoObesity, i.e., too much data without the proper holding structure for this.

Business intelligence abbreviated as BI plays a major role in the determining the planning strategies of an organizations and serves multiple purposes which includes measurement of performance towards business objectives, quantitative analysis, data reporting and sharing, etc.

BI systems helps in eliminating InfoObesity, by manging the data and filtration of the data with proper data structure to serve specific purposes.

Answer:

// here is program in Java.

// import package

import java.util.*;

// class definition

class Main

{

   // main method of the class

public static void main (String[] args) throws java.lang.Exception

{

   try{

   // variable

   int gall;

   double cost=0;

       // object to read value from user

    Scanner scr=new Scanner(System.in);

     // ask user to enter type

    System.out.print("Enter customer type  (R for residential or B for business ):");

    // read type of customer

       char t=scr.next().charAt(0);

       if(t=='r'||t=='R')

       {

           System.out.print("enter the number of gallons:");

           //read number of gallons

           gall=scr.nextInt();

           // if number of gallons are less or equal to 6000

           if(gall<=6000)

            {

           // calculate cost

           cost=gall*0.007;

           // print cost

           System.out.println("total cost is: "+cost);

             }

           else

           {

           // calculate cost

            cost=(6000*0.005)+((gall-6000)*0.007);

            // print cost

            System.out.println("total cost is: "+cost);

           }

       }

       else if(t=='b'||t=='B')

       {

           System.out.print("enter the number of gallons:");

           //read number of gallons

           gall=scr.nextInt();

           // if number of gallons are less or equal to 8000

           if(gall<=8000)

            {

           // calculate cost

           cost=gall*0.006;

           // print cost

           System.out.println("total cost is: "+cost);

             }

           else

           {// calculate cost

            cost=(8000*0.006)+((gall-8000)*0.008);

            // print cost

            System.out.println("total cost is: "+cost);

           }

       }

   }catch(Exception ex){

       return;}

}

}

Explanation:

Ask user to enter the type of customer and assign it to variable "t" with scanner object.If the customer type is business then read the number of gallons from user and assign it to variable "gall". Then calculate cost of gallons, if   gallons are less or equal to 8000 then multiply it with 0.006.And if gallons are greater than 8000, cost for  first 8000 will be multiply by 0.006 and   for rest gallons multiply with 0.008.Similarly if customer type is residential then for first 6000 gallons cost will be multiply by 0.005 and for rest it will  multiply by 0.007. Then print the cost.

Output:

Enter customer type  (R for residential or B for business ):r

enter the number of gallons:8000

total cost is: 44.0

Answer: True

Explanation: Twitter is the application that functions online for providing news and communication for connecting people on social network.Foursquare is also an online app that works on the social platform in the smartphones and provide the knowledge about activity of people moving through the real-time world.

Other real world apps that operate in the real time helps in providing information about the activities and incidents happening through the smartphones.This also increases the knowledge of the individual by discovering, reading,sharing of the information.Thus the statement given is true.

Answer:

[tex]4800\dfrac{megabytes}{second}[/tex]

Explanation:

We have the next two data:

[tex]40\,\dfrac{frames}{second}[/tex]

[tex]5\,\dfrac{megapixels}{frame}[/tex]

Now we can find the number of megapixels per second.

[tex]40\dfrac{frames}{second}\cdot 5\dfrac{megapixels}{frame}=200\dfrac{megapixels}{second}[/tex]

Finally considering an RGB video we will have 3 channels each one with 8 bytes then we will have 24 bytes per each pixel then:

Answer:

 Firstly, the software designer basically understand the pattern of the system by think with broader perspective. By establish the pattern first design the proper context of the system.

The pattern dependency basically focus on manage the relationship between the different types of the modules. It basically provide the actual guidance which increase the reuse-ability of the module.  

We can also extract the given pattern that from the level of the abstraction and lack cohesion modules are basically difficult to maintain.

Answer:

SCAN disk scheduling is the algorithm in which a certain arm of disk rotates in particular direction and serves the requests that arrive from that path. It scans the cylinder's disk in both back and forth direction.

If the arm reaches the bottom of the disk , it automatically stars working in the opposite direction and serves the request in the reverse direction path.As this functioning is similar to the elevator movement ,it is also known as elevator algorithm.

Answer: Corporate ethics officer

Explanation:Corporate ethics officer is the officer that is responsible for examining the business conduct of an organization. The duties of the officer includes the looking after the functioning, execution,development and other factors of the business.They follow the leadership to maintain the ethics and polices.

Other options are incorrect because code of conduct and ethics are general codes that can be followed by schools, individual etc and not necessarily by organization.Common good practices is the practicing of the general good habits and  conducts. Thus, the correct answer is Corporate ethics officer

Answer:

LOADLIN(Load linux)    LILO(Linux Loader).

Explanation:

Loader is a computer program that is used in linux to load linux in the memory.In linux we have to install a special loader while in other operating system we do not need to  install the loader it comes in them by default.

The two most common loader in linux are as following:-

Answer: Conditional expression

Explanation: Conditional operators are those operators that are used between two values or variables for the given condition. This operator return an answer after evaluating the condition that can turns out to be true or false .

They also help in increment and decrement of the variable value by one according to condition.Conditional expression are those expression that use conditional operator in their statement for gaining a return value according to the condition being true or false.

Answer:

BAC4₁₆ = 47812₁₀

Explanation:

To convert from hexadecimal base system to decimal base system use this formula:

[tex]N = x_1 * 16^0 + x_2 * 16^1 + x_3 * 16^2 + x_4 * 16^3+ ... + x_n 16^n^-^1[/tex]

, where position of the x₁ is the rightmost digit of the number.

and:

BAC4 = 11*16³+10*16²+C*16¹+4*16⁰ = 45056 + 2560 + 192 + 4 = 47812

Answer: (A) Prepared statement

Explanation:

 Prepared statement is basically used in the structured query language (SQL) statement which are basically execute multiple times in the python script.

The prepared statement is typically used in the SQL statement for update and queries. It is used to executed for the similar SQL statement and it has high efficiency.

It basically is in the form of template where the database compile and perform various query optimization.