Opportunistic pathogens are normal microbiota that cause disease when a host's defenses are compromised. Risk groups include the very young, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals. Examples include S. epidermidis causing infections in hospitals and E. coli causing urinary tract infections.
Explanation:When normal microbiota become pathogenic and produce disease, they are referred to as opportunistic pathogens. These are microorganisms that typically exist in concert with their host without causing disease, but can cause illness when the host's defenses are compromised. Conditions that can lead to such infections include weakened immune systems, breach in protective barriers, or an imbalance in the normal microbiota. High-risk groups for opportunistic infections are the very young, the elderly, pregnant women, individuals undergoing chemotherapy, people with immunodeficiencies like AIDS, post-surgical patients, and those with severe wounds.
An illustrative example is Staphylococcus epidermidis, which is a part of the normal skin microbiota and usually harmless, but can cause severe infections in a hospital setting, especially when introduced to the body through invasive medical devices. Another example is E. coli which is harmless in the large intestine but can lead to urinary tract infections if it manages to enter the bladder. These microbes become opportunistic pathogens because the normal defenses that would keep them in check are no longer functioning properly, thereby offering these microbes an "opportunity" to cause disease.
Wilts, wood rot, sooty molds, rusts, and smuts. These are all types of plant diseases caused by what?
Through the 1973 endangered species act, __________ u.s. species have been listed as endangered or threatened with recovery plans approved or implemented for __________ species.
Dopamine and norepinephrine are classified as ____.? ?second messengers ?purines ?proteins ?catecholamines
A male mouse that is heterozygous for a mutant igf2 allele (igf2/igf2-) is crossed with a female who is homozygous for the wild-type igf2 allele. what would be the expected outcome of this cross?
A male mouse that is heterozygous for a mutant igf2 allele (igf2/igf2-) is crossed with a female who is homozygous for the wild-type igf2 allele. The expected outcome of this cross would be fifty percent of homozygous wild type and fifty percent of heterozygous mutant species.
Further Explanation:
The allele that codes the particular phenotype which is most common in a population is called the wild type allele. Mutant allele is referred as different type of allele from wild type. Wild type is dominant in nature. A recessive trait is defined as a trait that gets expressed by an individual when they show a homozygous recessive condition. This means that if an individual showing a recessive trait will definitely possess both the recessive alleles for that trait as recessive trait gets concealed by the presence of allele for dominant trait.
If the wild/normal gene is igf2 and the mutated gene is igf2-, then the genotype of the parent would be:
Male: igf2 / igf2, possible gametes: igf2 and igf2- Female: igf2 / igf2, possible gamete: igf2Then the resultant cross gives fifty percent of heterozygous for a mutant (igf2/igf2-) and fifty percent of homozygous for the wild-type (igf2/igf2).
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Answer Details:
Grade: High School
Subject: Biology
Topic: Wild and mutant type
Keywords:
Male, female, homozygous, heterozygous, wild, mutant, allele, recessive, dominant, gene, trait, individual, genotype, phenotype, same, genetic makeup, organism.
What does muscle tissue have the ability to do that other tissue types do not?
PLEASE HELP!! I WILL RATE BRAINLIEST!!!! THIS IS FOR 25 POINTS
High tide are experienced 12 hours apart for a certain coastline. Which of the following best explains the reason for this phenomenon?
The coastline experiences tidal bulge twice a day.
The coastline experiences tidal bulge once a day
. The coastline comes in a straight line with the moon once.
The coastline becomes 90 degress with the moon twice.
a} The coastline experiences tidal bulge twice a day.
i just did this test so it should be right :)
Are the fat bodies larger in male or female frogs why is this so
The fat bodies are generally larger in female frogs compared to males. This size difference is attributed to the roles these fat bodies play in reproduction.
In female frogs, the fat bodies serve as an energy reserve that is crucial for the production of yolky oocytes, which are essential for successful reproduction. These fat bodies store energy in the form of lipids and provide the necessary nutrients for the developing embryos.
During the reproductive cycle, female frogs undergo vitellogenesis, the process of yolk formation in the oocytes, which requires a significant amount of energy. The fat bodies mobilize lipids to support this energy-intensive process. Males, on the other hand, do not have the same reproductive demands and therefore typically have smaller fat bodies. Their reproductive role primarily involves producing sperm, which does not require the same level of energy storage as egg production.
Additionally, the size of the fat bodies can fluctuate seasonally and with the reproductive status of the frog. They tend to be largest during the breeding season when females are preparing to produce eggs. After oviposition (egg-laying), the fat bodies may shrink significantly as the stored energy is depleted.
In summary, the larger size of fat bodies in female frogs is a reflection of their greater energy demands for reproductive purposes, particularly in the production of eggs with substantial yolk reserves to support embryonic development.
Earth can be called "spaceship" because it is like a vehicle carrying humans and cargo through space.
a. True
b. False
An event in which large numbers of species disappear from the earth at the same time
If heart muscle is deprived of oxygen for too long, it will start to die through a process called A. lymphedema. B. arrhythmia. C. atherosclerosis. D. infarction
In a recent experiment, anti-bacterial hand sanitizer was compared to hand soap. Students washed their hands using the sanitizer or soap and warm water for two minutes; then they dried their hands with a paper towel. The standard of comparison was rubbing hands vigorously for 2 minutes in warm water, without any soap or sanitizer, and then drying with a paper towel. The sanitizer advertisement claimed to kill bacteria more effectively than any soap. After washing, hands were swabbed and then the swab applied to a culture plate and incubated. Finally, the bacterial cultures were counted and recorded in the data table. Students concluded that the hand sanitizer was most effective in killing bacteria.
How would you respond to the students' conclusion?
A) The conclusion is valid; the sanitizer plates had higher numbers.
B) The conclusion is not valid; there were fewer bacteria cultures on the soap plates.
C) The conclusion is not valid because the warm water was as effective as the sanitizer.
D) The conclusion is valid because the sanitizer had a better kill rate than the soaps.
The conclusion about the effectiveness of hand sanitizer should be based on the actual data from the culture plates. Overusing antimicrobial soap may lead to increased infection risk due to bacterial resistance. Hand washing is critical for preventing the spread of infectious diseases.
The students concluded that hand sanitizer was most effective in killing bacteria compared to hand soap and warm water alone. However, to validate the effectiveness of hand sanitizer, we would need to examine the actual results from the culture plates. If the sanitizer plates had a higher number of bacteria than the water alone, then the conclusion that sanitizer is more effective is not valid. On the other hand, if the sanitizer plates had fewer bacteria than the ones from the soap, then option D would be correct. According to research, though, there's no substantial evidence that triclosan-containing soaps are more effective at reducing disease transmission compared to traditional soap. Therefore, the conclusion may not be valid if we consider the broader implications of such antibacterial products on health.
Moreover, the overuse of antimicrobial soap and sanitizers can potentially increase the risk of infection. This is because it can lead to bacteria developing resistance to antimicrobial agents, thereby making infections harder to treat. It's essential to also consider that frequent hand washing is crucial for preventing the spread of pathogens, and while antibacterial agents have their place, they should be used judiciously.
Jake designed an experiment to demonstrate interactions between Earth systems. He tied a clear plastic bag firmly around some leaves of a plant as shown below. plastic bag tied on leaves of plant After two days Jake observed some water droplets inside the plastic bag. What does Jake's experiment best demonstrate? interactions between biosphere and atmosphere interactions between hydrosphere and geosphere interactions between geosphere and biosphere interactions between atmosphere and geosphere
Answer: option (1)
Explanation: This experiment clearly represents the interaction between the atmosphere and the biosphere.
Biosphere refers to the overall life forms on earth and their relationship with other elements that are present in the lithosphere, hydrosphere of geosphere.
Here the leaves where Jake tied plastic bags re considered to be part of biosphere, which he keeps it to react with the atmosphere.
Thus the correct answer is option (1).
In heterosporous plants, _______ produce _______. select one:
a. microgametophytes; eggs
b. microgametophytes; sperm
c. microgametophytes; eggs and sperm
d. megagametophytes; sperm
e. megagametophytes; eggs and sperm
In heterosporous plants microgametophytes produce sperm.
What are heterosporous plant ?
Heterosporous refers to the plants producing different types of spores that are different in structure, size and function.
What does heterosporous plant produce?
In heterosporous plants, there are two sizes of spores; the smaller (a microspore) produces a male gametophyte, and the larger (a megaspore) produces a female gametophyte.
Hence ,the correct option is B
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What type of immune response is shown in Figure 35–2?
nonspecific response
humoral response
cell-mediated response
inflammatory response
Answer: Cell mediated response
Explanation: Since its the virus infecting the cell, the immune cells involved would be those which can enter the cell to kill the pathogen. Only cytotoxic T-cells cells can enter the affected cells and kill the pathogen. In humoral response, B cells are involved but these are not present in the image.
As viewed by interactionists, one way in which families reinforce and rejuvanate their bonds is through the symbolic mechanism of...
Symbolic mechanism of rituals such as family meals
Rituals are repeated set of actions and behaviours that has a significant value. Symbolic mechanism of rituals such as family meals, holidays and apple picking every fall helps families to strengthen and renew their bonds and also spreads family values and culture from one generation to the next.
What is the first thing you do with the rat in the procedure section?
According to the joint recommendations of an expert group that included the academy of nutrition and dietetics, an endurance athlete who weighs 75 kg should consume at least _____ g of protein daily. 80 100 110 90
Plants maintain homeostasis by _____.
There is no evidence indicating that cigarette smoking has skin-aging effects. true or false
Which segment of the small intestine receives chyme from the stomach?
Answer: The duodenum
Explanation:
Describe the similarities and differences between cellular respiration and fermentation.
Both cellular respiration and fermentation use sugar, amino acids, and fatty acids as building blocks to create ATP, but their processes and the amount of energy they release are different. 3. While fermentation only generates 2 ATP, cellular respiration generates 38 ATP.
What fermentation ?Through the activity of enzymes, fermentation is a metabolic process that results in chemical changes in organic substrates. It is specifically described in biochemistry as the process of obtaining energy from carbohydrates without the presence of oxygen.
Fermentation may be divided into three primary categories: lactic acid fermentation, ethanol fermentation, and the creation of hydrogen and methane gas.
Similar to burning, cellular respiration causes the full oxidation of glucose into CO2 and water. Contrarily, fermentation only partially oxidizes glucose. Instead, waste is created in the form of tiny, reduced organic molecules.
Thus, glucose is released into the cell's respiration process more often than it is into fermentation.
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An inherited disease that affects women and not men is likely to be caused by
What type(s) of endocrine cells are glandular and produce pth?
Chief cells are the cells which form parathyroid glands and have a role in the synthesis and release of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Parathyroid glands are endocrine glands located in the neck, more precisely located on the back of the thyroid gland. The hormone of this gland is parathyroid hormone and together with calcitonin (a hormone made by the thyroid gland) have key roles in regulating the amount of calcium in the blood and within the bones.
Some fish and amphibians have _____, which detect electrical fields that help them navigate through dark, murky waters. studysoup.com
can amoxicillin cause yeast infections
Answer:
yes
Explanation:
How can producers make the most profit? check all that apply?
Answer:
2,3,5
Explanation:
2 : They can work to decrease their marginal cost
3 : They can raise prices to increase marginal revenue
5 : They can also keep the marginal cost below marginal revenues
Which of these is an example of an ectoparasitic relationship?
A parasitic association is one in which a species, the parasite, thrives off of another species, that is, the host, affecting it, and at certain occasion resulting in death. The parasite lives on or within the body of the host.
An ectoparasite refers to the parasite, which thrives on or in the skin, but not inside the body. For example, lice, ticks, and fleas are ectoparasites. Hence, the correct answer is option B.
Which process would release energy from gold, fission or fusion? from carbon?
_______ is a liquid produced by the kidneys, collected in the bladder and excreted through the urethra. A) Blood B) Plasma C) Sweat D) Urine
Urine is a liquid produced by the kidneys, collected in the bladder and excreted through the urethra.
Answer: Option D
Explanation:
In our body, presence of urinary tract filters extra fluid and other substance from the blood. The substances get excreted from our body in the urine type.
Urine, a liquid generated by the kidneys, accumulates in bladder, and then excreted from the urethra. Urine used to remove excess minerals and to remove blood cells from body. The urinary tract consists of the kidneys, urethra, bladder and ureter.
The urinary systems function in conjunction with other systems of the body to handle homeostasis. The kidneys play as the important organs of homeostasis. They balance acid-base and water-salt in the blood.
Fragile X syndrome is a sex-linked disorder found mostly in boys, characterized by mental impairment, large ears, a long face, heart defects, and flat feet. It is caused by a mutation to the gene shown in the picture above. The codon CGG is abnormally repeated many times, causing the cell to inactivate the gene. Such a mutation is known as a(n)
A) insertion.
B) inversion.
C) deletion.
D) duplication.
Correct answer: D). Duplication
It is a disease that is caused by the repetition of codon for many times, which will lead to inactivation of gene that is required for the proper function of brain and other body functions. It is a sex linked genetic disorder, which is caused to to lengthening or expansion of genes.
In these disease the codon triplet CGG is repeated several times, which causes mutation in the gene CFR1. The main symptoms of this disease is mental impairment and heart problem etc.