Southwest of Riga, on the Lielupe River, is the Latvian city of Jelgava, historically known as German Mitau or Russian Mitava.
What was Jelgava ?The Brothers of the Sword, a military and religious order, constructed the castle of Mitau there in 1226. In 1376, the community was given town status. When the Brothers of the Sword were disbanded in 1561, it became the seat of the Courland dukes, and in the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, it was given to Russia.
The city sustained significant damage as a result of fighting in 1919 and 1944. Today, Jelgava serves as a railroad hub and an industrial city that produces locks, linen, agricultural and other machinery, as well as processed commodities like sugar and vegetables.
On August 21, 1991, Latvia, which had been invaded and occupied by the USSR since June 1940, proclaimed its independence. On September 6, the USSR acknowledged its sovereignty; soon after, it was admitted to the UN. In 2004, Latvia was granted membership in both the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). The main city and capital is Riga.
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