Given that polyurethane is a huge polymer (mw >>?????????,????????? daltons), why is it important that the polyurethanase is a secreted enzyme? if we assume that the polyurethane is the source of energy for the "elvis meltdown!" by stewart, smith and shields page ??? organism, how can material (carbon atoms) from it fi nd its way into the central metabolic pathways of this microbe? what is the "entry point"? what happens after its entry into the metabolic pathway?
The reason that polyurethane is important as a secreted enzyme is that most exoenzymes roles are to break down lager macromolecules outside of the cell so they are able to enter the cell. Exoenzymes are therefore more effective as large molecules.
If polyurethane is an energy source, it would first be broken down by exoenzymes of the bacteria. Then it would be incorporated into the cell through facilitated diffusion. Due to its rich carbon, the energy source would enter the glycolysis pathway, then the Krebs cycle (for aerobic bacteria). The energy source would be used in the making of ATPs.
Polyurethanase is an enzyme emitted by the microorganism so as to break polyurethane. Since the polymer is a significant wellspring of energy for the life form, it should be separated all together for etpum"s development.
Further details
Polyurethane
It is a polymer made out of organic units and carbamate links join them. While most polyurethanes are thermosetting polymers that don't liquefy when warmed, thermoplastic polyurethanes are likewise accessible. Polyurethanes are available in numerous parts of present-day life. They present a class of polymers that have discovered a far-reaching use in the medical and mechanical fields. Polyurethanes can be found in items such as furniture, coatings, cement, constructional materials, paints, elastomers, filaments and paddings. Polyurethane ought to be curtailed to PUR in consistence with authority German and International benchmarks.
Polyurethanase
It can be defined as such an enzyme which is secreted by microbes and used for the breakdown of polyurethane. In this breakdown process energy is released that is utilized by microorganisms.
Bio-degradation of Polyurethane
In spite of their microbial obstruction, polyurethane is attacked by microscopic organisms however the component to explain its bio-degradation is unknown. There are reports from microscopic organisms and parasites that are equipped for the breakdown of polyurethane yet the examinations about the proteins that assault the plastic are centered around bacterial compounds as it were. The enzyme is of sort esterase and protease for the most part since these chemicals are unspecific and can perceive a few regions in the polyurethane particle and hydrolyze it.
Answer details
Subject: Biology
Level: College
Keywords
Polyurethane Polyurethanase Bio-degradation of PolyurethaneLearn more to evaluate
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what is the difference between a sceintific theory and a scientific law
Answer:
A scientific theory is a set of concepts, a scientific law is a constant and unchanging rule and norm.
Explanation:
A scientific theory is a set of concepts, including abstractions of observable phenomena and quantifiable properties, together with rules (scientific laws) that express the relationships between observations of such concepts. An example of this is the theory of relativity.
A scientific law is a scientific proposition that affirms a constant relationship between two or more variables or factors, each of which represents a property or measurement of specific systems. An example of this is Newton's Laws.
Many of the proteins in the human body are enzymes that catalyze chemical reactions. What is the relationship between enzymes and activation energy?
Answer:
When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction, it does not affect the activation energy of the reaction.
Explanation:
Blood pressure results from the force of blood fluids pressing against the walls of blood vessels. Hypertension, or high blood pressure, is often caused by a constriction of the blood vessels by fatty deposits in artery walls. However, another cause of high blood pressure can be the intake of too much sodium in foods and table salt.
Why would too much salt intake cause someone to develop high blood pressure?
Excessive sodium intake leads to water retention which increases blood volume and pressure against artery walls, causing high blood pressure or hypertension. It's important to manage sodium intake to prevent the serious health risks associated with hypertension.
Why Excessive Salt Intake Causes High Blood Pressure
High blood pressure, known as hypertension, is a condition where the force of blood against the artery walls is too high. A common cause of hypertension is the excessive intake of sodium, which is found in salt. When we consume too much sodium, the body retains extra water to dilute the sodium levels. This increase in water volume in the bloodstream creates more pressure on the artery walls, leading to high blood pressure. Persistent hypertension increases the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and other serious cardiovascular diseases. It is crucial to maintain a diet lower in sodium to help manage or prevent high blood pressure, alongside other lifestyle choices such as regular exercise and avoiding smoking.
Horses and donkeys can breed and produce offspring known as mules. yet horses and donkeys remain separate species. this is because of the __________ of mules.
a. prezygotic sterility
b. inviability
c. postzygotic inviability
d. sterility
e. hybrid breakdown
The answer is D. This ensures that the mule cannot have offsprings hence can't continue its generation. Sterility of the mule is due to mismatch of homologous chromosomes between the horse and the donkey leaving an extra lone horse chromosome on the mule (since a horse has 64 chromosomes and a donkey has 62).
An example of mitosis at work is a leaf
a turning yellow.
b growing.
c taking in carbon dioxide.
d hosting a caterpillar.
PLEASE HELP IN A TEST
during the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis ___ is decomposed to supply hydrogen ions to produce nadph and important energy carrying molecules used to help produce glucose during the light independent reaction
Answer:
C) H20 (usatestprep)
Explanation:
H2O is decomposed to produce hydrogen ions. These ions combine with NADP to form the energy-carrying molecule, NADPH.
Water is broken down into hydroxyl and hydrogen ions, as well as oxygen, during the light reaction. This stage sees the transformation of light energy into chemical energy, which is used in the light independent reaction.
What is the role of water in light independent reaction?When water is split, oxygen, hydrogen, and electrons are released. These electrons travel through chloroplast structures and produce ATP via chemiosmosis.
NADPH, which is used in the light-independent processes, is created from the hydrogen.
Water's function in photosynthesis is to provide the light reactions with electrons. The light reactions and the dark reactions are the two phases of photosynthesis.
Therefore, during the light dependent reaction of photosynthesis, water is decomposed to supply hydrogen ions to produce NADPH.
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What is the expected growth mile markers for a 6-month infant?
any rock formed from molten material from inside the earth is 1-igneous, 2-metamorphic 3- sedimentary 4- weathered
An organism with two identical genes for a trait is said to be ______ for that trait. select one:
a. diplontic
b. heterozygous
c. homologous
d. homozygous
earth's magnetic field affects what?
Widow's peak, a pointed hairline on the forehead, is a genetic trait caused by a dominant allele. it can be traced back through a family's history using pedigree analysis. the pedigree shown here is of three generations of a family. notice that some individuals (shown in gray) have a widow's peak (w = dominant allele and w = recessive allele). this pedigree supports the fact that widow's peak is due to a dominant allele, because if it were due to a recessive allele and both parents show the recessive phenotype, then ________.
The _____ sends out an electrical impulse that regulates the heartbeat.
Answer: The SA node
Answer choices are:
A. The AV node
B. The SA node
C. The purkinje fibers
D. The AV bundle
The SA node is the heart's natural pacemaker consisting of a cluster of cells located in the upper part of the wall of the right atrium. (the right upper chamber of the heart). The electrical impulses are produced and sent out from there to regulate heartbeat. This is also called the sinus code.
Describe the function of the structure pictured below.
a. Spore production
b. Food absorption
c. Water uptake
d. Enzyme release
Spores are the reproducing body of an organism. Option A is correct. The function of the structure in the given picture is spore production.
Spores:
Spores are the reproducing body. They are found in the lower organisms such as Fungi, algae, and lower plants.
Spores can be Haploid or Diploid depending upon the life cycle.
In the picture, The lower blob-like structure is a stalk that produces spores and a small ball-like structure is spores.
Food is absorbed inside the stomach. Enzymes are released from the cells.Therefore, the function of the structure in the given picture is spore production.
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Protective antibodies are produced in the primary response to a microbe then in smaller amounts during secondary responses.
a. True
b. False
A heterozygous individual has a _____ for a trait being studied.
a. haploid condition, in genetic terms
b. pair of identical alleles
c. pair of nonidentical alleles
Consider the cladogram. mc014-1.jpg Which group of organisms has the derived characteristics of true tissues, bilateral symmetry, and a pseudocoelom
sponges
roundworms
annelids
chordates
The right answer is roundworms
In the scientific sense, worm refers to the primitive form of organization of the Bilaterians. The three groups of animals (roundworms, flatworms and ringed worms) have a fundamental bilateral symmetry. Their appearance, probably at the very beginning of the Cambrian (primary era), marks an important stage in the evolution of living beings. In spite of their apparent simplicity, they inaugurate a new type of anatomical organization which will then be taken over by all other animal species. The different tissues or specialized organs, come from one of the three embryonic leaves (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm) inaugurated by these verses.
Feedback from others can reduce the size of the unknown pane and increase the size of the ____ pane. blind hidden unknown open
Gregor Mendel determined that some tall pea plants carried the dominant gene TT, while dwarf pea plants carried the recessive gene tt.
Part A: Draw a Punnett square showing the possible genotypes for the first generation of offspring.
Part B: What percent of plants in the first generation will be dwarf pea plants?
Birds, insects, and many reptiles excrete nitrogenous waste in the form of uric acid, which _____. is not very toxic compared to other nitrogenous wastes, but requires the loss of a lot of water with its excretion reduces water loss compared to other nitrogenous wastes, but is highly toxic is much more soluble in water than other nitrogenous wastes, but is energetically costlier than other nitrogenous wastes to synthesi reduces water loss compared to other nitrogenous wastes, but requires more metabolic energy to produce reduces energy use compared to other nitrogenous wastes, but is highly toxic to animals that produce it
In a living organism, at which stage does segregation of gene pairs takes place
Answer:
Segregation of gene pairs occurs during meiosis.
Explanation:
Almost all cells that make up an individual have paired chromosomes, called homologous chromosomes. The gametes of this individual, however, have only one chromosome from each pair. This reduction in the number of chromosomes occurs because the cells that give rise to gametes undergo meiosis, a type of cell division in which, in one step, the separation (segregation) of homologous chromosomes occurs, where segregation of gene pairs occurs.
Since genes are located on chromosomes, the separation of homologues is also the separation of genes, those genes located on the same locus as homologous chromosomes and related to determining the same trait.
Energy in most ecosystems must flow through autotrophs because ______.
Energy in most ecosystems must flow through autotrophs because only autotrophs can convert solar energy in chemical energy.
Explanation:
This suggests that these are organisms which are entirely based on the Greek name self-producers that can produce complex organic materials by fixing together simple building blocks in their local situation. E.g plants on land. Photosynthesis in plants transforms solar energy into chemical energy using electrons and protons from water. The method of photosynthesis in plants involves a series of steps and reactions that use solar energy, water, and carbon dioxide to produce organic aggregates and oxygen.
Can the genotype for a gray-bodied fly be determined? why or why not? describe all of the possible genotypes for a fly with that phenotype. *
After fertilization, the ovule develops into a seed. can you match the parts of the ovule with the corresponding parts of the seed? drag the terms on the left to the appropriate blanks on the right to complete the sentences. resethelp
What factors have affected (and will continue to affect) the growth of health psychology?
Inherited character traits and genetic abnormalities are examples of biological factors. Style of living, personality traits, and stress levels are all examples of psychological factors.
What is health psychology?The study of psychological and behavioral processes in health, illness, and healthcare is known as health psychology.
The discipline seeks to comprehend how psychological, behavioral, and cultural factors influence physical health and illness.
Being in a good mental state can help you stay healthy and prevent serious health problems.
According to one study, positive psychological well-being can lower the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Poor mental health, on the other hand, can lead to poor physical health or harmful behaviors.
The study of how biological, social, and psychological factors influence health and illness is known as health psychology.
Psychological science is used by health psychologists to promote health, prevent illness, and improve health care systems.
Thus, these are the factors that affect the growth of health psychology.
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The human body can absorb some of the _____ that is synthesized by intestinal bacteria. vitamin k riboflavin thiamin vitamin a
The human body can absorb some of the thiamine that is synthesized by the intestinal bacteria.
Thiamine is also known as vitamin B1. It is a water soluble vitamin. Thiamine is naturally found in dairy food products like milk, eggs, meat, cheese, etc. The vitamin B1 or thiamine helps the body tissues in the break down of carbohydrates to make food that are needed by the cells in the body.
Who can initiate a capability based-assessment (cba)?
Capability based-assessment can be initiated by any Department of Defense organization, or it may be based on an approved Joint Concept, a Concepts of Operations (CONOPS), or an identified operational need.
In addition, this analysis is meant to identify, validate and prioritize capability gaps, determine the attributes or standards of the capabilities, identify and assess potential non-materiel solutions, and provide recommendations for addressing the gaps.
Final answer:
A capability based-assessment can be initiated by various entities such as government agencies, non-profits, educational institutions, or businesses. It is based on the capability approach, which focuses on providing individuals with the necessary resources to achieve basic positive capabilities and live a life worthy of human dignity.
Explanation:
A capability based-assessment (CBA) is a method of evaluation that can be initiated by various stakeholders depending on the context, including government agencies, non-profit organizations, educational institutions, or businesses. The CBA is anchored on the capability approach, which was developed by Amartya Sen and further elaborated by Martha Nussbaum. This approach emphasizes treating each person with dignity and focuses on enhancing individual choices and freedoms rather than merely assessing achievements.
Martha Nussbaum specifically argues for the importance of providing sufficient resources to individuals so that they can enjoy a set of basic positive capabilities that are inherent to all humans. The goal is to ensure that each person's life is not so deprived of these resources that it becomes unworthy of human dignity. This respect for individual needs and recognition of diverse experiences is one of the major benefits of the capability approach.
Which federal legislation sets standards for maximum noise levels
Answer: The correct answer is-
Noise Control Act .
Noise Control Act is also termed as Noise pollution and abatement Act, which was established in the year 1972 by federal legislation of United States.
This act initiated a federal program for the regulation of noise pollution with the intention of protecting health of human beings by minimizing the annoying noise in the general public. It sets standards for the maximum noise levels so that noise pollution can be controlled.
Thus, Noise Control Act is the right answer.
How can karyotype analysis detect genetic disorders lab 12-2 answers?
Karyotype enable viewing of the physical attributes of chromosomes. When compared to the karyotype of a normal individual, any abnormalities in chromosomes can be identified by either noticing an abnormal number of chromosomes or pairing (aneuploidy), or regional changes within chromosomes such as shorter or longer than normal chromosomes due to translocations.
The nurse is assessing a patient who is malnourished and has a history of poor nutrition. the patient reports difficulty seeing at night. this patient is likely to be deficient in which fat-soluble vitamin?