Answer: The correct answer is Option D.
Explanation:
Weak acid is defined as the acid which does not completely dissociates into its ion when dissolved in water.
For the given options:
Option A: [tex]HCl+H_2O\rightarrow H_3O^++Cl^-[/tex]
HCl is a strong acid because it completely looses its proton when dissolved in water.
Option B: [tex]HCO_3^-+H_2O\rightarrow H_2CO_3+OH^-[/tex]
Hydrogen carbonate ion is a base because it is easily accepting a proton from water.
Option C: [tex]H_2O\rightarrow H^++OH^-[/tex]
The above equation represents the ionization of water.
Option D: [tex]HCOOH+H_2O\rightarrow H_3O^++HCOO^-[/tex]
Formic acid is considered as a weak acid because it does not completely dissociates into its ions when dissolved in water.
From the above information, the correct answer is Option D.
Which of the following is the correct skeleton equation for the reaction that takes place when solid phosphorus combines with oxygen gas to form diphosphorus pentoxide?
A. P(s) + O2(g) --> P2O5(s)
B. P2O5(s) --> P2(s) + O2(g)
C. P(s) + O(g) --> P5O2(g)
D. P(s) + O2(g) --> PO2(g)
Answer: Option (A) is correct.
Explanation:
In diphosphorus pentoxide there will be two phosphorous atoms and 5 oxygen atoms according to its name.
Therefore, the formula for diphosphorus pentoxide will be [tex]P_{2}O_{5}[/tex] and it is a solid.
Thus, the correct skeleton equation for the reaction that takes place when solid phosphorus combines with oxygen gas to form diphosphorus pentoxide will be as follows.
[tex]P(s)+ O_{2}(g) \rightarrow P_{2}O_{5}(s)[/tex]
The correct skeleton equation for the reaction that takes place when solid phosphorus combines with oxygen gas to form diphosphorus pentoxide is:
A. P(s) + O₂(g) ⇒ P₂O₅(s)
Let's consider which of the following is the correct skeleton equation for the reaction that takes place when solid phosphorus combines with oxygen gas to form diphosphorus pentoxide.
A. P(s) + O₂(g) ⇒ P₂O₅(s)Yes, this is the correct combination equation.
B. P₂O₅(s) ⇒ P₂(s) + O₂(g)
No, this is a decomposition equation. Also, elemental phosphorus is not diatomic.
C. P(s) + O(g) ⇒ P₅O₂(g)
No, since P₅O₂ is not diphosphorus pentoxide and elemental oxygen is diatomic.
D. P(s) + O₂(g) ⇒ PO₂(g)
No, since PO₂ is not diphosphorus pentoxide.
The correct skeleton equation for the reaction that takes place when solid phosphorus combines with oxygen gas to form diphosphorus pentoxide is:
A. P(s) + O₂(g) ⇒ P₂O₅(s)
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PLEASE HELP 10 POINTS!!!!
What is the molarity of HCl found in a titration where 50 ml of HCl is titrated with 50 ml of .1 M NaOH?
Answer is: the molarity of HCl found in a titration is 0.1 M.
Balanced chemical reaction between hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide:
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H₂O(l).
From balanced chemical reaction: n(HCl) : n(NaOH) = 1 : 1.
n(HCl) = n(NaOH).
c(HCl) · V(HCl) = c(NaOH) · V(NaOH).
c(HCl) = c(NaOH) · V(NaOH) ÷ V(HCl).
c(HCl) = 0.1 M · 50 ml ÷ 50 ml.
c(HCl) = 0.1 M; molarity of hydrochloric acid.
Which quantity is constant when working with boyles, charles, and gay lussacs law?
boyles law states that the volumes of a gas will decrease as pressure increases if the temperature remains constant.
charles law states that the volume of a gas will increase as temp increases if the pressure remains constant.
gay-lussacs law states that the pressure increases as temp increases if the volume remains constant.
moles has been the constant
The prefix kilo- means a thousand. So a kilo-gram is a thousnd grams. 1kilogram=1,000 grams how many kilograms 1,830 grams?
Given data:
1 kilogram = 1,000 grams
How many kilograms 1,830 grams?
Solution:
1000 grams = 1 kilogram
1 gram = 1/1000 kilograms
1,830 grams = 1/1000 * 1830 = 1.830 kilogram
Hence 1,830 grams = 1.830 kilogram
WILL GIVE BRAINLIEST TO BEST ANSWER!!!!
2. Why don't elements in the same families share all of the same properties?
3. How to the properties of the halogens differ from those of the noble gases?
4. Why don't elements in the same periods share many of the same properties?
5. What two families of the periodic table would react most violently with each other, and why?
6. Rank the following elements by increasing atomic radius: carbon, aluminum, oxygen, potassium.
7. Rank the following elements by increasing electronegativity: sulfur, oxygen, neon, aluminum.
8. What is the difference between electron affinity and ionization energy?
9. Why does fluorine have a higher ionization energy than iodine?
10. Why do elements in the same family generally have similar properties?
Elements' properties are based on electronic configuration leading to similarity and differences within families and periods. Alkali metals and halogens react violently due to electron donation and acceptance. Ordering of atomic radius and electronegativity is based on size nuclear charge and electron configurations. Electron affinity and ionization energy differ based on adding or removing electrons. Fluorine has higher ionization energy due to size and charge.
Explanation:The properties of elements are determined by their electronic configuration. While elements in the same family have similar valence shell configurations, leading to shared properties, not all properties are the same due to variation in atomic size, nuclear charge and more.
The halogens are more reactive than noble gases, which are stable due to their full outer electron shells, giving them different properties. Elements in the same period do not share many properties as moving across a period involves changes in valence shell configuration and other factors.
The most violent reactions generally occur when one element readily donates electrons (alkali group) and another readily accepts them (halogens).
By increasing atomic radius: oxygen, carbon, aluminum, potassium by increasing electronegativity aluminum, sulfur, oxygen, neon.
Electron affinity is the energy change when an electron is added to a neutral atom, while ionization energy is the energy required to remove an electron from a neutral atom. Fluorine has higher ionization energy than iodine due to its small size and high effective nuclear charge.
Elements in the same family generally have similar properties due to similar valence shell configurations.
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How many orbitals are completely filled in an atom whose electron configuration is 1s^2 2s^2 2p^6 3s^1?
Im not sure if it is 3 or 5
The number of orbitals that are completely full is 5.
The reason you may have thought it was 3 is because you're confusing orbitals with subshells.
In this electron configuration, the sub shells are: 1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6, 3s^1
So, we have four sub shells.
Each sub shell consists of a specific number of orbitals. s subshells have one orbital, p subshells have three orbitals, d subshells have five orbitals, and f subshells have seven orbitals. Knowing this, we can look back at the electron configuration we were given and determine how many orbitals are filled.
1s^2 has one orbital, 2s^2 has one orbital, 2p^6 has three orbitals, and 3s^1 has one orbital. The first three subshells are completely full, so a total of five orbitals are full.
The number of orbitals that are completely filled in an atom whose electronic configuration is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹ is 5
Electronic configuration can simply be defined as the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus of an atom.
The electrons in an atom are arranged in orbital. These orbitals includes: s-orbital, p-orbital, d-orbital and f-orbital
S-orbital has 1 subshell = maximum of 2 electrons
P-orbital has 3 subshells = maximum of 6 electons
D-orbital has 5 subshells = maximum of 10 electrons
F-orbital has 7 subshells = maximum of 14 electrons
With the above information in mind, we can determine the number of orbitals that are completely filled in the atom given in the question above. This can be obtained as follow:
Electronic configuration => 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹
1st shell => 1s² = 1 subshell = 2 electrons (complete)
2nd shell => 2s²2p⁶ => 4 subshells = 2 + 6 = 8 electrons (complete)
3rd shell => 3s¹ => 1 subshellsubshells => 1 electron (incomplete)
From the above illustration, we can see clearly that only 5 orbitals are completely filled.
Thus, we can conclude that the number of orbitals that are completely filled in an atom whose electronic configuration is 1s²2s²2p⁶3s¹ is 5
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What do the Bohr and quantum mechanical models have in common?
Answer:
In both models, electrons move around a positively charged nucleus filling different energy levels called shells.
Explanation:
Bohr's model places electrons in ascending energy levels orbiting in a circular motion around the nucleus. The quantum mechanical model also places electrons around a positively charged nucleus following ascending energy levels, but this time these don’t move in a circular manner but instead randomly inside clouds of probability.
In 1980,the US produced 18.4 billion(10to the power of 9)pounds of phosphoric acid to be used in the manufacture of fertilizer.the average cost of the acid is 318$/ton.(1 Ton =2000 lb)what was the total value of the phosphoric acid produced?
18.4 * 10^9 lbs = (18.4 * 10^9)/2000 tons
Cost = ((18.4 * 10^9)/2000 ) * 318
Cost = $ 2925600000
Answer:
2'925.600'000.000 $ approximately 2,93 billion $
Explanation:
In order to get the total cost of the Phosphoric Acid produced, it's necessary to convert the Phosphoric Acid pounds into Tons using the given conversion and knowing that [tex]1 billion = 1'000.000'000.000[/tex] :
[tex]18.4 billon(lb) * \frac{1'000.000'000.000(lb)}{1 billon(lb)} *\frac{1(Ton)}{2000(lb)} =9.200'000.000(Ton)[/tex]
and knowing a Ton cost 318$ we can multiply by 318$ and get the result:
[tex]9.200'000.000(Ton) * \frac{318\$ }{1(Ton)} =2'925.600'000.000\$[/tex]
This is approximately 2,93 billion $.
Scientific theories and everyday theories are similar because _____. a. both are just guesses b. both are types of explanations c. both require scientists to agree d. both must begin as a hypothesis
Answer:
its ethier A OR C
Explanation:
A cat jumps 1 m forward and then crawls 0.2 m backward. What is the displacement of the cat? 1.2 m forward 0.8 m 0.8 m forward 1.2 m
The cat's displacement is forward 0.8 m
Since a cat jumps 1 m forward and then crawls 0.2 m backward. To find what is the displacement of the cat, we know that the total displacement of the cat is D = positive displacement + negative displacement
Now, since the cat jumps 1 m forward, this is positive displacement, d = + 1 m.
Also, since the cat crawls 0.2 m backward, this is negative displacement, d' = - 0.2 m
So, the total displacement of the cat D = d + d'
= + 1 m + (- 0.2 m)
= + 1 m - 0.2 m
= + 0.8 m
Since the forward direction is positive, the cat's displacement is forward 0.8 m
Help!! Chemistry!! Please!!
In the oxidation-reduction reaction H2O + 2MnO2 + Zn → Mn2O3 + Zn(OH)2, the half-reaction of the zinc is?
a. Zn(OH)2 → Zn + 2e-
b. Zn(OH)2 → Zn + 2OH-
c. Zn + 2OH- → Zn(OH)2 + 2e-
d. Zn + 2OH- + 2e- → Zn(OH)2
C is the correct answer choice.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
2MnO2 + H2O => Mn2O3 + 2OH is the correct balanced equation. All others are missing or have incorrect coefficients.
How is a pure substance different from a mixture? A. Pure substances cannot be seperated by physical means.B. A pure substance is heterogeneous.C. A mixture is made of ine substance.D. Mixtures cannot be seperated by physical means.
Pure substances cannot be seperated by physical means.
Carol placed a lid over a pot of boiling water. After five minutes, she removed the lid and noticed water drops had formed all over the lid's inner surface. Which statement describes the change in the water vapor molecules as they changed to liquid?
When a lid is placed on a pot of boiling water, water drops form all over the lid's inner surface. The vapors of water that are formed up on boiling escape in to the surroundings when there is no lid on the pot. When the pot is covered with a lid the gaseous water molecules condense on the cooler inner surface of the lid to form liquid water droplets. So, the best statement that describes the change in water vapor molecules as they change to liquid, a phenomenon called condensation, is that the change here is a physical change.
While performing an experiment involving a reaction between two chemicals, the scientist observes that the reaction container has become warm. The observation is an example of:
a- qualitative data
b- quantitative data
c- both qualitative and quantitative data
d- the observation is not considered data
the answer is a- qualitative data
The correct answer is A. Qualitative data
Explanation:
In research and therefore in observation, qualitative data is the type of data that describes non-numerical information or data, for example in reactions qualitative data can be physical properties or changes in color. This is the opposite of quantitative data that focuses on numerical information such as the amount of a substance. This means observing a reaction container has become warm is an example of qualitative data because the scientist is describing qualities in reaction but not quantities or numerical information.
The elements beryllium, calcium, and strontium are all in group 2. What is the correct relationship of these elements regarding their ionization energy?
A.
Ca < Be < Sr
B.
Sr < Be < Ca
C.
Be < Ca < Sr
D.
Sr < Ca < Be
E.
Ca < Sr < Be
Answer:- choice d is correct. Sr<Ca<Be .
Explanations:- Br, Ca, and Sr are all elements of same group as they all have 2 valence electrons. As we move down in a group, a new shell is being added that increases the size of the atom. As the size of an atom increases, it is easy to remove the electron from it's outer most shell in it's gaseous state. Since, Be is above Ca and Ca is above Sr. The size increases in the order, Be < Ca < Sr. It means Be is the smallest one of them and so it's hard to remove from it's outer most shell and hence it's ionization energy is higher.
Sr is largest one in these three elements and so it's easy to remove outer most electron from it that means the ionization energy is least. Ca is between Be and Sr.
So, an increasing order of ionization energy is Sr<Ca<Be . Choice D is correct.
Answer:
D.
Sr < Ca < Be
Explanation:
PLATO
Potential energy due to the position of an object above earth surface is called
ANSWER:
Potential energy due to the position of an object above Earth's surface is called gravitational potential energy.
EXPLANATION:
Gravitational energy is the potential energy compared with gravitational force, as work is needed to further things against Earth’s gravity. The potential energy due to high positions is called gravitational potential energy, and is evidenced by water in an elevated storage or kept behind a dam. If an article falls from one point to different point inside a gravitational field, the force of gravitation will do actual work on the object, and the gravitational potential energy will decrease by the same amount.
Which sample of matter is a single substance?
(1) air (3) hydrochloric acid
(2) ammonia gas (4) salt water
Any substance that is made up of only one type of atom or molecule is said to be a pure single substance whereas substance that is made up two or more different elements or molecule is said to be a mixture.
Air: Different types of gases are present in air that is nitrogen, water vapors, oxygen etc. So, air is a mixture.
Ammonia gas: It consists of only one molecule namely ammonia throughout the substance so it is a pure single substance.
Hydrochloric acid: It is made up by dissolving hydrochloric gas in water so it is a mixture.
Salt water: It is mixture as water and salt are being mixed which are two different substances.
Hence, ammonia gas is a single substance.
The formula of ammonia gas is NH₃. Ammonia gas is a single substances of matter. It is a pure kind of substance which consist of single phase of matter.
What is only one kind of matter is ?A substance is pure if it contains only one type of constituent material. A pure substance is stuff with consistent properties across its entire surface. Atoms are incredibly microscopic particles that make up all stuff.
All that is in the air is a concoction of different gases. Nitrogen, oxygen, which is necessary for both human and animal life, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and trace amounts of other elements make up the atmosphere (argon, neon, etc.)
Salt water contain salt and water in it so, it is a mixture of two molecules. Air is the mixture of many gases. Hydrochloric acid is formed by the reaction of hydrogen and chlorine. so they are not on kind of matter.
Thus, the ammonia gas is a sample of matter which is present in single substance. option 2 is correct.
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The polyatomic ion with the formula CN- is called
The correct answer is cyanate.
The polyatomic ion with the formula CN⁻ is called cyanate. A polyatomic ion has two or more atoms bonded together.
CN⁻ contains the cyano functional group wherein a carbon atom forms a triple-bond to a nitrogen atom. CN⁻ is a polyatomic anion that is present in inorganic compounds.
The polyatomic ion with the formula CN- is called cyanide.
How do we explain?cyanide is a negatively charged ion that is formed by the combination of a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom. The carbon atom has a valence of 4, and the nitrogen atom has a valence of 3.
When these two atoms combine, they share one of the electrons from the carbon atom with the nitrogen atom, resulting in a negative charge on the ion.
Cyanide is a very poisonous ion, and it can be fatal if ingested. It is also used in some industrial processes, such as the production of plastics and synthetic fibers.
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An object will float when:
A. buoyant force is equal to the weight of the object
B. buoyant force is less than the weight of the object
C. density is equal to the weight of the object
D. density is greater than the weight of the object
Answer:
A. buoyant force is equal to the weight of the object
Explanation:
An object floats when the buoyancy is equal to the weight of the object. According to Archimedes Principle for flotation, the weight of the object should be equal to the weight of the water displaced by the submerged part of the object. If the weight of the object is greater than the weight of the water displaced by the submerged part of the object, it will sink.
Why are mixtures such as sugar and water not given chemical formula
No chemical bonding took place. The elements or compounds in the mixtures have no definite proportions.
Mixtures like sugar and water do not have a chemical formula because the substances in them retain their individual chemical identities and are not in a fixed ratio. Solutions of sugar in water are considered homogeneous mixtures and the sugar, sucrose or C12H22O11, is evenly distributed but does not chemically bond with water to form a new compound.
Explanation:Mixtures such as sugar and water are not assigned a chemical formula because they do not form a new chemical compound with a fixed ratio of components. In mixtures, each substance maintains its chemical identity and the components are not in a fixed ratio, meaning you can mix them in virtually any proportion. This is different from a compound, where the elements are chemically bonded and always present in a specific ratio.
Take, for example, a solution, which is a type of homogeneous mixture where one substance is dissolved in another. Sugar dissolved in water forms such a solution. When sugar (sucrose) dissolves in water, the molecules of sucrose, C12H22O11, become evenly distributed among the water molecules, but no new compound is formed. Hence, the solution is represented as C12H22O11 (aq), indicating that it is an aqueous solution of sugar, not a new compound warranting a unique chemical formula.
In contrast, a compound like table salt (NaCl) is made of a fixed ratio of sodium (Na) and chloride (Cl) ions chemically combined, resulting in properties different from those of the individual elements. Compounds can only be separated into their elemental components through chemical reactions, not by physical processes like filtering or distillation.
The gaps on Mendeleev's table _____. have never been filled in represented elements not discovered in his time are not filled in because those elements are gases are not filled in because those elements keep changing
Answer. The gaps on Mendeleev's table have never filled because those elements were not been discovered at that time.
Explanation:
Mendeleev in his periodic table arranged the elements according to their atomic masses. During this process he encountered that there are missing gaps in his periodic table for which he though , that those missing elements belonging to that particular gap were have not been discovered at that time.He was able to calculate atomic masses of those undiscovered elements and on that basis he predicted their chemical properties and position of them in his periodic table. for example : prediction of gallium's atomic mass and its relative position in his periodic table which was not been discovered at that time.Answer:
represented elements not discovered in his time
Explanation:
Which of the following is not an example of a compound? A substance comprised of:
atoms of the same element
atoms of two different elements
positive particles of one element attracted to negative particles of a different element
positive particles of one element attracted to negative groups of atoms of other elements
Answer: atoms of the same element.
Justification:
There are two kinds of pure substances: elements and compounds.
Elements are pure substances consiituted by one kind of atoms. They cannot be divided into simpler substances either by physical or chemical means. This leads you to the answer of the question: atoms of the same element is not an example of compound, but of elements.
On the other hand, a compound is a chemical combination of two or more different atoms. The compounds can be splited into simpler substances (the elements) by chemical means.
Hence, second, third, and fourth choices are all examples of compound: they are pure substances of two or more kind of atoms.
How does substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon affect the resulting compound?
A.
All the single bonds in the original molecule change to double bonds.
B.
The boiling point of the new compound increases.
C.
The bonds between the carbon atoms in the molecule become weaker.
D.
The resulting compound is called a saturated hydrocarbon.
E.
The substitution allows each carbon atom to accept more than four valence electrons.
The boiling point of the new compound increases while substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon ,therefore option (b) is correct .
What do you mean by the boiling point of the substance ?The temperature at which substance change from liquid to the gaseous state is known as the boiling point.
The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which both its liquid and vapor or gas states exist in equilibrium. Boiling point only occurs when heat is applied to the liquid substance.
It is also defined as the temperature at which liquid boils. The boiling point of water at sea level is 100∘C . It is equal to 373.15 on the Kelvin .
The boiling point of the new compound increases while substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon ,hence option (b) is correct .
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Answer:
B.
The boiling point of the new compound increases.
Explanation:
a) 3 and 4
b) 2 and 3
c) 1 and 2
d) 1 and 4
d) 1 and 4
Explanation:Elements are made up of particles known as atoms. Atoms of the same element have the same properties as the element.The atoms of an element may differ in terms of the number of neutrons and have a different mass number, such atoms are known as isotopes.However, the isotopes have an equal number of protons or atomic number.In this case, atom 1 has a mass number of 20 and an atomic number of 10 while atom 4 has a mass number of 21 and an atomic number of 21.Therefore, atom 1 and 4 are isotopes of element E.The correct electron configuration for Mn is
Question 4 options:
1s22s22p63s63d2
1s22s22p63s23p64s24p5
1s22s22p62d103s23p3
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d5
The correct electron configuration for Mn is 1s²2s²2p63s²3p64s²3d⁵.
Explanation:The correct electron configuration for Mn is 1s²2s²2p63s²3p64s²3d⁵. This means that manganese has a total of 25 electrons. The electron configuration represents the distribution of these electrons into different energy levels and orbitals. In the case of Mn, the 3d sublevel is partially filled with 5 electrons.
Draw the major byproduct of the reaction (not the minor species discussed in q2b). At which stage did you remove it from your sample?
You need to do something like that your self so sorry can help.
The formula of a salt is XCl2. The X-ion in this salt has 28 electrons. The metal X is
Answer : The metal X is, zinc (Zn)
Explanation :
The formula of a salt is, [tex]XCl_2[/tex]
First we have to determine the oxidation state of metal 'X'.
Let the oxidation state of metal 'X' be, 'a'.
The oxidation state of chlorine atom is, (-1).
So,
[tex]a+2(-1)=0\\\\a-2=0\\\\a=+2[/tex]
Now we have to determine the atomic number of metal 'X'.
As we are given that,
Number of electrons of X-ion = 28
And, there are (+2) charge present in X-ion that means 2 electrons are removed from the electrons of X-ion.
So, the number of electrons present in metal X = 28 + 2 = 30
Atomic number = Number of electrons = 30
Thus, the element that has 30 electrons or atomic number 30 will be zinc metal.
Hence, the metal X is, zinc
The metal X in the salt XCl2 is Nickel (Ni), which in its ionic form Ni2+ in XCl2, loses two electrons and has a total of 26 electrons.
Explanation:The salt formula given is XCl2, where 'X' is a metal cation with 28 electrons. The number of electrons represents the atomic number of the atom when it is neutral. In this case, metal X must be from the 3rd Period of the Periodic Table: Atomic number 28 is Nickel (Ni). However, here, Ni loses two electrons to become Ni2+ to bond with two Cl- ions. So, while the neutral Nickel atom has 28 electrons, Ni2+ ion, which forms in XCl2, has 26 electrons.
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Why do some transition metals have multiple oxidation states?
Answer: The reason is the number of degenerate electrons.
Explanation: Transition elements are the only elements in the periodic table which are capable of showing variable oxidation states.
Tranistion elements has 'd orbitals' as their penultimate shells which are not perfectly shielded by the inner orbitals. And these d orbitals can occupy 10 electrons in their 5 orbitals.
Thus they can easily lose electrons as the energy of the electrons are the similar or better say that they are degenerate.
an electric iron is used to remove wrinkles from clothes the electric iron is made of metal which property of this substance is most useful for this application
boiling point
density
electrical conductivity
thermal conductivity
thermal conductivity
Answer:
Thermal conductivity
Explanation:
Write the net ionic equation including phases. Hcn(aq) + koh(aq) ---> h2o(l) + kcn(aq)
The net ionic equation for the reaction between HCN(aq) and KOH(aq) is H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l).
How to write the ionic equation?The net ionic equation for the reaction between HCN(aq) and KOH(aq) to produce H₂O(l) and KCN(aq), is determined as follows;
The balanced molecular equation is;
HCN(aq) + KOH(aq) → H₂O(l) + KCN(aq)
Split the ionic compounds into their constituent ions:
HCN(aq) → H⁺(aq) + CN⁻(aq)
KOH(aq) → K⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq)
H₂O(l) remains as H₂O(l)
KCN(aq) → K⁺(aq) + CN⁻(aq)
The complete ionic equation, including all ions:
H⁺(aq) + CN⁻(aq) + K⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l) + K⁺(aq) + CN⁻(aq)
Write the net ionic equation, excluding the spectator ions:
H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l)
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The net ionic equation is H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) ---> H₂O(l). Net Ionic equation shows the essential reaction between the hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion, which forms water. The potassium and cyanide ions are just along for the ride!
H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) ---> H₂O(l)
H⁺(aq): This is the hydrogen ion, which comes from the dissociation of hydrocyanic acid (HCN) in water. HCN is a weak acid, which means it doesn't fully dissociate in water, but it does release some hydrogen ions (H⁺).
OH⁻(aq): This is the hydroxide ion, which comes from the dissociation of potassium hydroxide (KOH) in water. KOH is a strong base, which means it fully dissociates in water, releasing hydroxide ions (OH⁻).
H₂O(l): This is the product of the reaction, which is water. When the hydrogen ion (H⁺) and hydroxide ion (OH⁻) combine, they form water (H₂O).
Spectator ions: The potassium (K⁺) and cyanide (CN⁻) ions are spectator ions, which means they don't participate in the reaction. They remain in solution, but they don't react with each other or with the hydrogen and hydroxide ions.
Here's what's happening in the reaction:
HCN (hydrocyanic acid) dissociates in water, releasing H⁺ ions: HCN(aq) → H⁺(aq) + CN⁻(aq)KOH (potassium hydroxide) dissociates in water, releasing OH⁻ ions: KOH(aq) → K⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq)The H⁺ ions from HCN react with the OH⁻ ions from KOH to form water: H⁺(aq) + OH⁻(aq) → H₂O(l)The K⁺ and CN⁻ ions remain in solution, unaffected by the reaction.So, the net ionic equation shows the essential reaction between the hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion, which forms water. The potassium and cyanide ions are just along for the ride!