Proximate; mechanistic best describes the class of questions that Insel and Young were addressing when they studied the effect of anti-diuretic hormone on monogamous voles.
Explanation:
Genetic researchers, Insel and Young, conducted various studies to analyze the neurobiological aspects of pair bonding on monogamous voles. This was done by studying the changes observed due to the action of the antidiuretic hormone, vasopressin, when their receptors were increased. The transgenic voles exhibited differential gene expressions which explained the proximate and mechanistic mating behavior.
The role of the antidiuretic hormone explained the neurochemical mechanisms of the voles mating behaviors like bonding, attachment etc. Rather than increasing the amount of hormone, just by increasing the receptors of the hormone, male voles showed an increased social reproductive behavior.
Insel and Young's study on the effect of antidiuretic hormone on monogamous voles is classified as a proximate, mechanistic inquiry. It concentrates on the physiological mechanisms that influence behavior.
Explanation:The class of questions that Insel and Young were addressing when they studied the effect of antidiuretic hormone on monogamous voles by experimentally increasing the number of receptors in the brain is best described as proximate; mechanistic. This approach addresses the 'how' questions of biology, focusing on the physiological, genetic, or environmental influences on behavior. In this case, the researchers were trying to understand the physiological mechanisms (antidiuretic hormone and its brain receptors) that influence the social behavior (monogamy) of voles.
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How does the circulatory system help the digestive system?
What are some facts about the coral reefs useful for a presentation
What structures is not part of the central nervous system?
The question is incomplete.
The complete question is:
Which of the following structures is not part of the central nervous system?
a) the brain
b) a nerve
c) the spinal cord
d) a tract
Answer: b) a nerve
Explanation:
Nervous system is divided into Central nervous system (CNS) and Peripheral nervous system (PNS) .
The Central nervous system (CNS) is primarily consist of the brain and spinal cord and also consist of tracts which functions to receive the information from all the parts of the body and coordinate accordingly.
The Peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of all of the nerves which are connected to the brain and spinal cord and send signals to the CNS.
Hence, the correct option is b. Nerve
The structures that are not part of the central nervous system (CNS) are the peripheral nervous system (PNS) structures, including the ganglia and nerves. The PNS includes the autonomic and sensory-somatic nervous systems.
Explanation:The structures that are not part of the central nervous system (CNS) are the peripheral nervous system (PNS) structures, including the ganglia and nerves.
The PNS includes the autonomic and sensory-somatic nervous systems. The autonomic nervous system consists of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions, while the sensory-somatic nervous system is made up of cranial and spinal nerves.
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Pathogens that are catalase-positive, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Legionella pneumophila, and Campylobacter jejuni, make catalase in order to deactivate harmful peroxide radicals, thus allowing them to survive unharmed within the host cell. Which of the following are features of the catalase enzyme?
a. endoenzyme
b. inducible
c. extracellular enzyme
d. constitutive
Answer:
B)inducible
C. )extracellular enzyme
Explanation:
Catalase is an enzyme that is engaged during the the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to form water and oxygen, it is posses by all living organisms because of their exposure to oxygen, hence it protect the cell from oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species.
Catalase enzymes function in our liver by breaking down harmful hydrogen peroxide into oxygen and water ,during this reaction , the bubbles of oxygen gas that escape create a foam that will help to disinfect any surface touch by the raw liver during this process. Catalase enzymes are extracellular enzyme and are inducible.
4 What is a difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? A. Prokaryotic cells always have cell walls, but eukaryotic cells do not. B. Eukaryotic cells do not have membrane-bound organelles, but prokaryotic cells do. C. Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus, but eukaryotic cells do. D. Organisms with eukaryotic cells are always multicellular, but organisms with prokaryotic cells are not.
Answer:
d
Explanation:
i learned this a week ago
How do hurricanes form and move?
Answer:
warm ocean air rises into the storm, forming an area of low pressure underneath. Up in the clouds, water condenses and forms droplets, releasing even more heat to power the storm. When wind speeds within such a storm reach 74 mph, it's classified as a hurricane.
Explanation:
Once the body has begun shivering, what happens to make it stop shivering?
A)When body temperature returns to normal, the respiratory system sends a message to the skeletal system to stop shivering.
B)When body temperature returns to normal, the nervous system sends a message to the muscular system to stop shivering.
C)When body temperature is below normal, the nervous system sends a message to the skeletal system to stop shivering.
D)When body temperature is below normal, the respiratory system sends a message to the muscular system to stop shivering.
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Brain/nervous system in charge of everything
Shivering stops when the hypothalamus in the brain signals that body temperature has returned to normal, prompting the nervous system to halt the muscle contractions.
Explanation:When the body begins to shiver due to cold, this is part of a process called thermoregulation, coordinated by the nervous system to maintain homeostasis. The hypothalamus in the brain detects that the body temperature is below its set point and initiates shivering to generate heat. Shivering involves rapid contractions of the skeletal muscles, which help to increase body temperature. Once the temperature returns to the normal range, the hypothalamus sends signals, via the nervous system, to stop the shivering response.
Therefore, the correct answer to the question is B) When body temperature returns to normal, the nervous system sends a message to the muscular system to stop shivering.
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How is diversity in a population created? (For people)
Answer:
Mutations are changes to an organism's DNA that create diversity within a population by introducing new alleles. Some mutations are harmful and are quickly eliminated from the population by natural selection; harmful mutations prevent organisms from reaching sexual maturity and reproducing.
Explanation:
Explanation:
Mutations are changes to an organism's DNA that create diversity within a population by introducing new alleles.
What would happen if you did not have the stapedius and tensor tympani muscles? A. The ear canal would stay permanently closed. B. The ear canal would stay permanently open. C. The vestibular canals would be permanently misaligned, resulting in hearing and equilibrium problems. D. Loud sounds would cause the ossicles to move too much, potentially causing damage to the inner ear. E. The cochlea would not be secured in place and might move around.
Explanation:
Both the stapedius and tensor tympani are striated musclesThe stapedius is about 6 mm in length, arises from the pyramidal process and the tendon attaches to the posterior neck of the stapesThe stapedius is a muscle with a high oxidative capacityThe tensor tympani is about 25 mm in length, the muscle is not as strong as the stapedius, and the tendon also contains more elastic tissue and fatThe tensor tympani courses through a bony canal in the wall of the anterior middle ear, and attaches to the neck of the manubriumThe tensor tympani and stapedius muscles are protective reflexesThey reduce the amount of sound that gets into the inner earThey are somewhat similar to the blink reflex thus they can be triggered by loud noise, and when they go off, both ears can be involvedIf stapedius and tensor tympani muscles is not present then loud sounds would cause the ossicles to move too much, potentially causing damage to the inner earIn the absence of the stapedius and the tensor tympani muscles the loud sounds would make the ossicles to move too much, thus, causing damage to the inner ear.
• The stapedius and the tensor tympani are the protective reflexes.
• They are found in the middle ear and are associated with the ear ossicles.
• They minimize the amount of sound that gets into the inner ear, they are identical to the blink reflex.
• Both these muscles contract in response to incoming intense or loud sounds, which strike the eardrum, and thus minimizing the transmission of sound within the inner ear.
• Of the two muscles, the stapedius is considered to be more sensitive to sound in comparison to the tensor tympani.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.
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Why do you get less energy from 100 calories of celery than you would from 100 calories of chips?
Answer:
chips are a simple carbocarbohydrate and celery is a complex carbocarbohydrate
Explanation:
Why is “humans have little to no effect on species” a misconception?
Answer:
Because they take over animals home, food, and lives with poaching, deforestation and pollution.
Explanation:
what is carrying capacity
Answer:
B) The largest population an area can support
Explain how your parents, grandparents, & great grandparents may affect what proteins your cells are able to make.
Final answer:
Proteins are responsible for cell functions and structure. Genes and epigenetic changes can be influenced by parents, grandparents, and great grandparents, affecting the proteins cells can make.
Explanation:
Proteins are responsible for orchestrating nearly every cell function. They determine the structure and function of cells. Your parents, grandparents, and great grandparents can affect what proteins your cells are able to make through their DNA and epigenetic changes.
Genes in DNA provide instructions for making proteins with the correct sequence of amino acids.
Epigenetic changes can determine whether genes are turned on or off, affecting the production of proteins in certain cells.
The unique genetic makeup and environmental factors of your ancestors can influence the proteins your cells are able to produce.
What is it called when plants give off water vapor as a waste product?
Answer:
transpiration
Answer: transpiration
Explanation:
A snapping turtle will kill animals for food, as well as
feed on dead organisms. The snapping turtle is
considered both a...
A. scavenger an a herbivore
B. Predator an a scavenger
Final answer:
A snapping turtle is considered both b) a predator, because it hunts and kills live prey, and a scavenger, because it also feeds on dead animals.
Explanation:
A snapping turtle that kills animals for food and also feeds on dead organisms is considered both a predator and a scavenger. Predators actively hunt and capture prey for food, while scavengers consume the remains of dead animals. In the case of snapping turtles, they are known to feed on a variety of prey, using their powerful beaks to cut and chew, and will also eat dead material when available.
The nuclear lamina is an array of filaments on the inner side of the nuclear membrane. If a method were found that could cause the lamina to fall into disarray, what would you most likely expect to be the immediate consequence?
a. the inability of the nucleus to divide during cell division
b. a change in the shape of the nucleus
c. the loss of all nuclear function
d. failure of chromosomes to carry genetic information
Answer:
BExplanation:
1. The nuclear lamina is a network inside the nucleus which maintain the shape of nucleus.
2. It is composed of intermediate filaments and many proteins.
3. It providing mechanical support to the nucleus and play many other rolls in the cell.
4. In a cell if the nuclear lamina fall into disarray, the nucleus is misshapen and all these processes run awry. Such cells in which nuclear lamina is broken, they tend to become senescent in response to internal dysfunction, and cause damage to surrounding tissue.
An ecosystem is self-sustaining as long as organisms have sufficient quantities of energy, oxygen, minerals, and water. When organisms die, some of these materials are recycled back to plants in the ecosystem primarily through the activity of:______.(1) predators (2) pathogens(3) decomposers (4) parasites
What is the best definition of Thebes term “theory”as it is used in science
The best scientific definition of Thebes' term "theory" is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world obtained through the scientific method after observation and experimentation.
What is the significance of this scientific theory?Scientific theory has many implications, as the science provides a comprehensive and consistent explanation, and a theory can make accurate predictions about new observations and experiments and help in the continuation of further scientific research. Scientific theories have practical applications to solve real-world problems, such as in the medical field with technologies, etc.
Hence, the best scientific definition of Thebes' term "theory" is a well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world obtained through the scientific method after observation and experimentation.
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Final answer:
A theory in science is a well-supported comprehensive explanation of natural phenomena, akin to a fact, and is vital for making predictions about the natural world. It is much more than a guess, distinguishing it from the everyday use of the term 'theory'.
Explanation:
In the context of science, the term theory refers to a comprehensive explanation of an important feature of nature that is supported by a substantial body of evidence. It's important to distinguish this scientific use of the term from the way 'theory' is used colloquially, where it might just mean a guess or speculation. Scientifically, a theory is akin to a fact and represents our most reliable understanding of natural phenomena. Examples of scientific theories include the theory of evolution, cell theory, and germ theory.
The United States National Academy of Sciences defines a theory as a well-established scientific explanation that is unlikely to be altered by new evidence. This conceptual framework allows scientists to make predictions about phenomena that have not yet been observed, placing theories at the bedrock of scientific understanding of the natural world.
What effect might high temperature or irregular pH levels have on facilitated diffusion?
Which word in this sentence could be replaced with a personal pronoun?
Gina felt very nervous before giving her speech.
Gina
very
before
giving
Answer:
Gina
Explanation:
Answer: Gina
Explanation:
Francis thinks that the longer a plant is in light, the more fruit it will produce. He places one group of ten plants under a UV light for six hours and another group of ten plants under the same light for eight hours. He waters the plants with the same amount of water at the same time every day; uses the same types of plants, soil, and containers; and monitors the same temperature
Answer:
Choose the correct label for each part of the experiment.
The plants that are under a UV light for eight hours
A. Experimental group
The amount of water that is given to all of the plants
D. controlled Variable
The plants that are under the light for six hours
B. Control Group
Explanation:
Butterflies of the genus colias live in the rocky mountains. Why do they exist in this types of area?
Answer:
This is because these species of butterflies has two variant of enzymes.which makes them well adapted to the varied range of temperature exposed to in this habitat, and therefore ensures their activity at wide temperature ranges.
Generally, rock mountains has wide range of temperature. Therefore the possession of variant of enzymes ensures sustainable of biochemical reactions for survival of theses species because of the resistance of these enzymes to high varied rocky temperature.
Explanation:
Whats the difference between muscular strength and muscular endurance
Answer:
anwser
Explanation:
Muscle strength is the ability to exert a maximal amount of force for a short period of time. ... Think about lifting that heavy box when moving – that requires strength. Muscle endurance is the ability to do something over and over for an extended period of time without getting tired.
Which of the following statements regarding cnidarians is true? The digestive and circulatory compartment of cnidarians is called the gastrovascular cavity. Cnidarians have three true tissue layers. Cnidarians are herbivores and can be destructive grazers on seaweeds. The more stationary cnidarian body form, which is cylindrical with a ring of tentacles, is the medusa.
The last one I think xd
The digestive and circulatory compartment of cnidarians is called the gastrovascular cavity. So, the correct option is (A).
What are Cnidarians?The word Cnidaria derive from the Greek word "cnidos," which means stinging nettle.
Cnidaria is the phylum which comes under Kingdom Animalia. This phylum contains over 11,000 species of aquatic animals found in both freshwater and marine environments. Their specialty is cnidocytes which are specialized cells which they use mainly to capture prey.
The gastrovascular cavity is defined as the major site for digestion of food and absorption of nutrients in cnidarians in which food passes through the mouth and enters the cavity. Inside the gastrovascular cavity, there is a cell membrane that wraps around food particles and then moves them into the internal cavity.
Thus, the digestive and circulatory compartment of cnidarians is called the gastrovascular cavity. So, the correct option is (A).
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Sponges have no “true tissues.” What does this mean?
A.
They perform body functions by diffusion.
B.
They have organs for specific functions.
C.
Similar cells do not cooperate together.
Answer:
C.
Similar cells do not cooperate together.
Explanation:
For each of the 6 Kingdoms: Give the name, 3 characteristics, one reason they are important, and one example
Answer:
Explanation:
Kingdom fungi- fungi are organism that are both unicellular and multicellular. They do not photosynthesize but the derive nutrients from decayed organic matter example is mushroom,yeast,mold
Kingdom protista- Protist are eukaryotic organism, we have plant like and animal like protista. The plants have chloroplast and the animal have mitchondria example is Euglena,amoeba
Kingdom animalia- Animals are multicellular organisms and they are eukaryote. They reproduce sexually to produce offspring and they depend on plant and other organism for their food. Example include mammals, sponges, insect.
Kingdom plantae- plant are primary producer, they produce their food through photosyntheis.
Plant could be vascular or non vascular and they support life through the release of oxygen and provision of food. Example tree crops ,grasses and vegetables.
Kingdom Archaebacteria- they are prokaryote with unique cell wall that allows them thrive in hot spring and hydrothermal passage. Example is thermophiles,methanogens.
Kingdom Eubacteria- they are bacteria, they are microscopic in natural, with unique body shapes. The multiply and grow at a very fast rate under optimum condition. E.g Actinobacteria, cyanobacteria
Enter your scientific design in the space below.
Answer:
Divide plants into two groups of twenty-five. Plant twenty-five seeds in pots with potting soil without compost; this is the control group. Plant the other twenty-five in pots with potting soil and a specific amount of compost added; this is the experimental group. Place the pots under grow lights. After germination, measure the height of the plants at set intervals (e.g., every two days) for a set amount of time (e.g., two weeks). The IV is the presence or absence of compost. The DV is the height of plants. Twenty-five plants per group is a good sample size; all obvious variables are controlled. The experiment is simple and specifically described, so it can be replicated. The seeds were assigned randomly; there is no obvious bias in the experiment.
Answer:
Divide plants into two groups of twenty-five. Plant twenty-five seeds in pots with potting soil without compost; this is the control group. Plant the other twenty-five in pots with potting soil and a specific amount of compost added; this is the experimental group. Place the pots under grow lights. After germination, measure the height of the plants at set intervals (e.g., every two days) for a set amount of time (e.g., two weeks). The IV is the presence or absence of compost. The DV is the height of plants. Twenty-five plants per group is a good sample size; all obvious variables are controlled. The experiment is simple and specifically described, so it can be replicated. The seeds were assigned randomly; there is no obvious bias in the experiment.
Explanation:
Edg 2022 >:)
Signal to which an organism responds
A stimulus is a signal to which an organism responds. Stimuli can be internal like hunger or thirst, or external like change in temperature or light. An organism's evolutionary adaptations often determine its responses to these signals.
Explanation:A signal to which an organism responds is known as a stimulus. Stimuli can be external or internal. External stimuli include changes in the environment like temperature, light, or sound. Internal stimuli come from within the organism itself, such as hunger or thirst. An organism's response to a stimulus is often a result of adaptations developed over time. This reactionary process is a critical aspect of an organism's survival and continued existence.
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Organisms respond to signals or stimuli surrounding them in their environment. These reactions can be a movement towards or away from the stimuli or diverse forms of communication within species. Even single-celled organisms like bacteria can process and respond to environmental signals.
Explanation:The signal to which an organism responds can vary widely, but generally, it refers to environmental cues or stimuli which trigger a reaction or response in the organism. Sensitivity or response to stimuli is an inherent characteristic of living organisms, emphasizing their ability to interact with their surroundings. This response can include movements towards or away from the source of stimuli (positive or negative response).
For instance, a plant might respond positively to a light source by bending towards it, a reaction known as phototaxis. Likewise, bacteria can move towards or away from chemical sources (chemotaxis) or light (phototaxis).
Communication within species also involves the use of signals as stimuli. Particularly, animals engage in communication using signals that could be visual, aural(sound), chemical (like pheromones), or tactile(touch). In some species such as the three-spined stickleback, a red region in the lower half signals males to become aggressive and females to mate. These stimuli-based responses can be instinctual, learned, or a mix of both.
Single-celled organisms, like bacteria, are also capable of signal processing. They respond to environmental signals like nutrient levels by using intracellular signaling, and sometimes, they release molecules as signals to communicate with each other.
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PLEASE HELP
1. Which description best summarizes the steps that take place during black hole formation, in the correct order?
Supernova explodes a massive star; remaining core expands; nuclear reactions diminish the effects of gravity.
Supernova triggers fusion reactions; massive star implodes due to extreme radiation; volume and mass of star increase rapidly.
A massive star depletes its nuclear fuel; gravity overpowers the star; supernova occurs; core of star collapses.
A small star gains mass through fusion reactions; core of star collapses; increased radiation triggers a supernova.
2. Astronomers think that most galaxies are centered by a (nebula, large planet, black hole, massive star), which exerts (centripetal force, magnetic pull, gravitational pull, centrifugal force) that binds the galaxy together.
3. Where would scientists look to observe a black hole?
The center of the Milky Way
The center of the sun
The solar system asteroid belt
The edge of the solar system
Answer:
1. A massive star depletes its nuclear fuel; gravity overpowers the star; supernova occurs; core of star collapses
2. black hole; gravitational pull
3. The center of the Milky Way
Explanation:
The description that summarizes the steps that take place during black hole formation, in the correct order is C. A massive star depletes its nuclear fuel; gravity overpowers the star; supernova occurs; the core of the star collapses.
Astronomers think that most galaxies are centered by a black hole which exerts a gravitational pull that binds the galaxy together.
In order for scientists to observe a black hole, they should look at the center of the Milky Way.
Black hole simply means the region of spacetime where there's a strong gravity such that there's no electromagnetic radiation or particles that can escape.
It was believed that black holes were formed after the Big Bang when there was a collapse of the center of a massive star. The formation is that a massive star depletes its nuclear fuel; gravity overpowers the star; supernova occurs; the core of the star collapses
In order for scientists to observe a black hole, they should look at the center of the Milky Way which is the hit collection of gas, stars and dust.
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Describe how increasing salinity affects the amount of fluid ejected each time a contractile vacuole contracts. Calculate the water potential ( Ψ ) of an animal cell without contractile vacuoles if water enters the cell and creates a solute potential ( ΨS ) of −2 . Assume that the pressure potential ( ΨP ) in the cell is 0.
Answer:
Water potential [tex]= -2[/tex]
Explanation:
As we know,
Water potential is equal to the sum of pressure potential and solute potential
Ψ [tex]=[/tex] ΨS [tex]+[/tex] ΨP
Where Ψ is the water potential
ΨS is the solute potential
ΨP is the pressure potential
Given -
Solute potential ( ΨS ) [tex]= -2[/tex]
Pressure potential ( ΨP ) [tex]= 0[/tex]
Substituting the given values, we get -
Ψ [tex]=[/tex] [tex]- 2 + 0[/tex]
Ψ [tex]=[/tex] [tex]- 2[/tex]
(a) Increased salinity will affect the amount of fluid ejected each time a contractile vacuole contracts because the surrounding water becomes more hypertonic as salinity increases.
As hypertonicity of the surrounding medium increases, water potential decreases, and more water will be ejected from the contractile vacuole to the surrounding medium as a result of osmosis.
(b) From the formula:
water potential ( Ψ ) = solute potential ( ΨS ) + pressure potential ( ΨP )
In this case, ΨS= -2 and ΨP = 0
Therefore:
Ψ = -2 + 0
= -2
Thus, the water potential of the animal cell without contractile vacuoles if water enters the cell and creates a solute potential ( ΨS ) of −2 would be -2.
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