Which of the following types of passive transport involves the movement of molecules via special transport proteins? A. facilitated diffusion B. simple diffusion C. filtration D. osmosis

Part A:

Monomers of proteins : aminoacids

An amino acid is an organic acids containing an amine group.. Such organic compounds therefore have both a carboxyl group -COOH and an amine group, for example a primary amine -NH 2 or a secondary amine -NH-. In the living world, about 500 amino acids are known, of which about 149 are present in proteins.

In biochemistry, α-amino acids play a crucial role in the structure, metabolism and physiology of cells of all known living organisms as constituents of peptides and proteins.

Monomers of nucleic acids: nucleotides.

A nucleotide is an organic molecule that is the building block of a nucleic acid such as DNA or RNA. It is composed of a nucleic base (or nitrogenous base), a five-carbon monosaccharide, called the pentose, whose association forms a nucleoside, and finally one to three phosphate groups.

A nucleotide is composed of three parts:

* A nucleotide variable depending on the type of nucleotide (purine or pyrimidine) attached to the carbon 1 'of deoxyribose;

* a sugar with five carbon atoms;

a phosphate group (or phosphoric acid), identical for the nucleotides of DNA and RNA, attached to the 5 'carbon atom of the deoxyribose, and to the 3' carbon atom of the nucleotide deoxyribose following).

Since phosphates and sugars are always the same in a given nucleic acid, the nature of the nucleotide is determined by the nucleic base it contains. The sequence of a strand of DNA or RNA can therefore be summarized in the succession of nucleic bases present. The five main nucleotides are named according to their nucleic base.

Part B:

Role of DNA and his relation with proteins:

A protein is an assembly of amino acids.

The DNA is contained in the chromosomes and formed of nucleotides (nitrogenous base, phosphate and deoxyribose which is a sugar).

These two entities are linked by a very important but implicit link. We will discover it little by little.

Chromosomes consist of DNA.

DNA is a molecule called deoxyribonucleic acid. The DNA is in the nucleus while the proteins are in the cytoplasm of the cell.

DNA contains genes, since it constitutes chromosomes. The role of genes is to make proteins so that they can act in cells. It must be taken into consideration that there are several types of proteins. It should be known that DNA can not act alone to renew the "stock" of proteins of the cell.

There is an intermediate nucleic acid between DNA and the proteins that is RNA.

This intermediate could be a particular molecule: RNA. Indeed, during the synthesis of a protein in the cytoplasm, the ribosomes (organelles where the protein synthesis takes place) are aligned along an RNA molecule.

Take the image of DNA as a computer. This computer contains files, unreadable data, here the genetic information, that takes a USB key (the messenger RNA). This done, this key comes out of the nucleus through the pores of the nuclear envelope and gives its data and files taken from a machine, which symbolizes the ribosome, which will organize the information received to create many different objects, proteins, according to the information it receives, being itself a protein.

Role of the protein in the cell.

In the body, proteins play essential roles:

*They play a structural role and participate in the renewal of muscle tissue, integuments (hair, nails, hair), bone matrix, skin, etc.

*They participate in many physiological processes, for example in the form of digestive enzymes, hemoglobin, hormones, receptors or immunoglobulins (antibodies).

They are, moreover, the only source of nitrogen in the body.

B) IBIB or ii

It means that the blood group of that person is B. so the allele or genotype of that person can be IBIB or ii, homogeneous or heterogeneous.

the answer is c, IBIB or IBi

Buffer controls the sudden change in the solution

Buffer prevents the sudden change in the pH. They keep the pH of the solution nearly constant. For example, in human Buffer solution helps to regulate the pH of human blood.  The normal pH of the human blood is nearly 7.35 to 7.45 and a little change in this pH many leads the serious problems. Carbonic and bicarbonate buffers play a role in maintaining the acid base balance of the blood.

You can buy/use fertilizer products made specifically for the type of vegetable.

Cleo can add several soybean plants to her garden

What are the options in the drop down menu and pictures of the organelles?

Answer:

b

Explanation:

Fossils are the dead remains of the organisms, which get imprinted on the land's surface.

Thus, the crinoids resemble the Echinodermata, which are the present-day classification of animals.

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Crinoids are related to present-day echinoderms such as starfish, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers. They are known for their flower-like appearance but are actually ancient sea animals with features like many arms and tube feet, similar to their echinoderm relatives.

Crinoids, nicknamed 'sea lilies', are actually ancient sea animals, and Missouri has made the crinoid its official state fossil. Present-day animals related to crinoids are other members of the Echinodermata phylum. This includes starfish (or sea stars), sea urchins, and sea cucumbers, which all share a common ancestor with crinoids. These animals are characterized by their fivefold symmetry, although crinoids can have many more than five arms. Additionally, like their echinoderm relatives, crinoids use a water vascular system for feeding and movement. Crinoids have a complex structure that includes a flower-like crown and a stem with ring-like elements; despite their plant-like appearance, they are suspension feeders with tube feet used to move captured food towards the mouth.

In the light-independent reactions, ribulose-bisphosphate and carbon dioxide react together in the process known as carbon fixation, the reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme Rubisco. In the process, two three-carbon molecules of glycerate-3-phosphate are produced.  

Further, the molecule of glycerate -3-phosphate is reduced to produce triose phosphate by using ATP and NADPH generated during the light-dependent reactions. Some of the triose phosphates are used to reproduce ribulose-bisphosphate, while some are used to generate starch or glucose.  

a. the length of the longest possible leech is 10mm plus 3*2*2mm = 22mm (if all of 8 alleles are dominant at 3 gene loci)

b. The genotype of the longest leech is AABBCC and the genotype of the shortest is aabbccc

P: AABBCC x aabbcc

F1:AaBbCc (3 dominant alleles 3*2mm) 10+6=16mm

c. F1: AaBbCc x AaBbCc

F2: 1/64 is the probability that F2 offspring will be as long as the longest parent from the P generation

19/64 is the probability that the F2 offspring will be the same length as one of their

parents

d. genotype that would have the same phenotype as AaBBCc is AabbCC  or aaBbCC…(all with three dominant alleles)

e. The correct answer is Autosomal Dominant Inheritance.

The longest possible leech will be 22mm long.

As the baseline length of an leech is 10mm and six allele are coding for and each allele is adding  2 mm in it so the possible longest leech will be 22mm long.

The possible length of their F1 generations will be 16mm.

As we are mating the longest and shortest possible leeches so the possible genotype of the next generation will be having three dominant alleles so their length will be 16mm long.

When F1 mate each other then the probability of their next generation having the off springs with P1 length is 0.015625 and the probability of F2 having the same length as parent is 0.328125.

AaBbCC or AABBcc or AAbBcC

These all genotypes will have the same phenotype as AaBBCc

This leech is simply showing the effect of genotype directly on its phenotype. It is also shows the phenomenon of independent assortment. Because every allele is independently showing their effect.

The correct answer is: A. by the sequence of nitrogenous bases

The genetic code is the set of rules which is represented by the specific order of nucleotide bases. It is used by cells to translate information encoded within genetic material (DNA) into proteins. The genetic code consists of nucleotide triplets-codons, specify which amino acid will be added next during protein synthesis.

A polymer of nucleotides encodes genetic information by the sequence of nitrogenous bases.

A polymer of nucleotides encodes genetic information by the sequence of nitrogenous bases.

Each nucleotide in DNA or RNA contains a nitrogenous base which can be one of four types: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), or guanine (G).

The order or sequence of these nitrogenous bases along the polymer chain determines the genetic code and instructions for cell function.

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Well you sue them by planting and then eating farming and building

Natural ecosystem is a community of living and non-living organisms, where each component interacts together as a unit through biological, physical and chemical processes. ... The components enabling the interactions that make up the natural ecosystems include soil, plants, sunlight, air, water, microorganisms and animals.

1st step: the transcription of the genes of the DNA into pmRNA ( pre-messenger RNA) takes place in the nucleus.

For each gene, only one strand of the DNA is transcribed but this strand varies according to the genes.

RNA synthesis is catalyzed by RNA polymerase, an oligomeric enzyme. There are 3 types in eukaryotes.

Transcription occurs from the 5 'end to the 3' end of the genes.

2nd step: the processing of the pmRNA takes place in the nucleus

at. a cap of 7-methylguanosine triphosphate is added to the 5 'end of the pmRNA

b. a poly-A tail (50 to 250 nucleotides of adenine) is added to the 3 'end of the pmRNA

These modifications protect messenger RNA from too rapid degradation in the cytoplasm.

c. excision of introns (the parts of the gene that do not encode a polypeptide) of the pmRNA

d. splicing of the exons (the coding strands) of the pre-messenger RNA.

The pre-messenger RNA thus mature becomes messenger RNA (mRNA).

The mRNA is then exported to the cytoplasm via nuclear pores.

3rd step: the translation of the mRNA into protein takes place in the cytoplasm at the level of ribosomes and requires the presence of transfer RNA (tRNA) loaded with the corresponding amino acids and energy in the form of GTP.

tRNAs are synthesized in the nucleus.

The synthesis proceeds from the N-terminus of the protein to the C-terminus.

4th step (depending on the proteins): co-translational or post-translational modifications such as glycosylation (covalent binding of oses to proteins) which takes place in the endoplasmic reticulum and is then finished in the Golgi apparatus.

In prokaryotes, transcription, and translation take place in the cytoplasm and can be simultaneous.

Oogenesis takes place in the outermost layers of the ovaries and begins with a germ cell called an oogonium. Fertilization typically occurs in the uterine tube. These processes are critical for sexual reproduction in females.

Oogenesis is the process by which female gametes, or eggs, are produced. This process occurs in the outermost layers of the ovaries. It starts with a germ cell known as an oogonium (plural: oogonia), which undergoes mitosis to increase in number. Over time, this leads to the development of up to about one to two million cells in the embryo. In contrast, spermatogenesis, the process of sperm production, occurs in the seminiferous tubules within the testes, which is a completely different location from oogenesis.

As for the process of fertilization, it typically occurs within the uterine tube (also known as the fallopian tube), not in the ovary, uterus, or vagina. Here, the sperm meets and fertilizes the egg, leading to the beginning of pregnancy.

This is predation. A predator-prey relationship. The predator catches the prey, kills and eats it for food.

Answer:

predator/pray

Explanation:

i did it on study island

The answer id "D"

If a child has a hereditary gene and neither the Mom or Dad had it, it means it came from higher up in the family tree like the Moms Dad or mom or the dads grandma.

Answer:

B. A son will be color blind because the mother is a carrier of the recessive allele.

Explanation:

Since color blindness is caused by a disturbance in the sex chromosome X, we can define the expression of the genes of this disorder as follows:

[tex]X^DX^D[/tex] - Normal woman

[tex]X^DX^d[/tex] - Normal woman carrying the recessive gene

[tex]X^dX^d[/tex] - Colorblind woman

[tex]X^DY[/tex] - Normal man

[tex]X^dY[/tex] - Colorblind man

As the father can only donate one X chromosome and it is dominant (D), the son can only be color blind [tex](X^dY)[/tex] if he receives the X chromosome from the mother carrying the recessive allele (d).

Answer:

An attribute that isn't viewed as a sex-connected quality is called an autosomal characteristic.  

Explanation:

A sex-connected characteristic is one that is situated on one of the two sex chromosomes. An autosomal quality is one that is situated on the autosome instead of on one of the two sex chromosomes. Precedents of autosomal characteristics incorporate Cystic Fribrosis and Sickle Cell Anemia. Relating to a chromosome that isn't a sex chromosome. Individuals ordinarily have 22 sets of autosomes in every cell, together with 2 sex chromosomes, X and Y in a male and X and X in a female.

Prokaryotes:

- No nucleus

- Surrounded by cell wall

- Reproduces asexually

- No membrane-bound organelles

- Circular DNA

Eukaryotes:

- Found on chromosomes

- Have linear DNA

- Has organelles

It would make it more difficult for the bats to use echolocation, as the sound from the roads would block their echo.

Noise pollution can interfere with a bat's echolocation by drowning out the echoes they rely on to locate prey, potentially reducing their hunting success. Nevertheless, bats may adapt by changing their behavior or developing more sensitive hearing in response to a noisy environment.

Bats utilize a sophisticated biological adaptation known as echolocation to hunt their prey. This process involves emitting high-frequency sounds and then listening for the echoes that bounce off objects in their environment. Bats use these reflected sound waves to create a sensory 'map' that helps them locate and capture prey even in complete darkness.

When bats are in areas with high levels of noise pollution, such as near heavily trafficked bridges, their ability to hunt using echolocation can be compromised. The ambient noise can interfere with their ability to detect the faint echoes returning from their prey. As more bats congregate in a noisy area, their collective echolocation may become less effective due to the increased ambient sound, which could result in a reduced success rate in hunting.

However, it is also possible that certain bats might adapt their hunting strategies or develop more sensitive hearing to overcome noise pollution. Studies on the impact of noise pollution on bat hunting behaviors would be needed to determine the precise effects.

The answer is cohesion. Adhesion is when molecules of different substances (an example dew on a leaf) are attracted to each other. And surface tension is a force that creates sort of a thin layer on top of water, so that some small things are able to stand on water. That is how water striders are able to do what they were named after, stride on water.

step off botch nihha

Answer:

I don’t think that’s a good idea.

Explanation:

assertive

Answer is Devonian ,I just took the test And it was right ,have a nice Day hope i earned brainliest

According to the context, the Devonian period belongs to the Paleozoic era and not the Cenozoic era.

It is the geological period that extended from the end of the Silurian, being one of the six divisions that make up the Paleozoic Era.

In this period, due to the records and the transition of species, it is notable that its wheater was hot and dry and it is known as the expansion of fish, such as placoderms or actinopterygians.

Therefore, we can conclude that according to the context, the Devonian period belongs to the Paleozoic era and not the Cenozoic era.

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B chloroplasts. Because cilia is something found in both of the cells, an same goes for mitochondria and ribosomes.

it is going to be B

A selectively permeable membrane allows SOME but not ALL materials to cross.

Final answer:

Emerging research indicating that some sponges are more closely related to other animals than to different sponges calls for revisions to the animal classification system, considering evolutionary history and genetic data.

Explanation:

The research suggesting that one type of sponge is more closely related to non-sponge animals than to other sponges has implications for the classification in the animal kingdom. This suggests that traditional morphological classification systems might need to be revised in light of molecular and genetic evidence that can uncover deeper evolutionary relationships. Hence, the classification system in zoology, which characterizes animals based on anatomy, morphology, evolutionary history, embryological development, and genetic makeup, might need to adapt to new findings, underscoring the dynamic nature of scientific understanding.

An example of passive transport is osmosis. It is the only transport that doesn't require ATP to move something.

Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with their environment, including both abiotic (non-living) and biotic (living) aspects of the environment. It is a very broad definition and the science of ecology tends to overlap other biological sciences.

Answer:

The correct answer is ecology.

Explanation:

The ecology is a branch of biology that deals with the interaction among organisms and its environment. The ecology deals with the living (biotic) and the non living factors (abiotic) present on the earth. In ecology, the interaction between one organism to other and an organism to its environment and the effects of these interactions is studied.

The correct answers are:

- background extinction;

The background extinction is an extinction that occurs naturally, and small number of species are affected by it in certain periods. It occurs as a natural way of the evolution of the species.

- mass extinction;

The mass extinction occurs after a massive natural catastrophe that influences the whole planet, or big portion of it. In this type of extinction, the ecosystem changes dramatically because the majority of the species die out in a very short space of time.

The pattern includes background extinction, which does not disturb ecosystems significantly, and mass extinction that drastically alters ecosystems.

The pattern described includes background extinction, which tends not to disturb ecosystems, as well as a mass extinction, in which ecosystems change drastically. Background extinctions generally occur at local scales and do not compromise the overall ecosystem stability. They can even contribute to biodiversity through the intermediate disturbance hypothesis. In contrast, mass extinctions result in sudden and dramatic losses of biodiversity, extensively altering the existing ecosystems and leading to the creation of new ecosystem configurations that can defy prediction. These events have occurred five times in Earth's history, as reflected in the fossil record.

The sun's rays are more concentrated near the equator

Answer:

The answer to the question: Tropical and polar climate zones are very distinct, this is because: the sun´s rays are more concentrated towards the equator than the poles and second, because the ozone layer tends to thin out towards the poles, a system that allows heat to exit Earth to prevent it from overheating the planet.

Explanation:

The first reason why the Tropics tend to be different in their climate from the poles has to do with the way the sun hits different parts of Earth. In the case of the equator, the sun´s rays hit this zone almost directly, which ensures more warmth. But the poles receive these rays more obliquely. But another reason comes from the ozone layers which protect the planet from the sun. In the equator region, which is were the tropic climate is, the layers are thicker and thus trap heat from the sun better, whereas in the poles, these layers thin out. It is almost like the Earth´s own refrigeration system to prevent from overheating.

Prokaryotic: has no nucleus, has no mitochondria.

Eukaryotic: Has a nucleus, contain membrane bound organelles and divide through mitosis and meiosis

When a cell passes the G1 checkpoint it enters the S phase of the cell cycle. During this phase DNA is replicated, so the answer is C