what is the difference between transcription and translation
Transcription and translation are two fundamental processes in protein synthesis. They differ in location, molecules involved, and process.
Explanation:Transcription and translation are two fundamental processes in protein synthesis. Transcription is the process where DNA is used as a template to produce mRNA in the nucleus. Translation, on the other hand, occurs in the cytoplasm and involves the synthesis of protein using the mRNA as a template.
There are several differences between transcription and translation:
Location: Transcription occurs in the nucleus, while translation occurs in the cytoplasm.Molecules involved: Transcription involves the conversion of DNA to mRNA, while translation involves the conversion of mRNA to protein.Process: Transcription involves the copying of a specific gene sequence from DNA to RNA, while translation involves decoding the genetic information in mRNA to determine the sequence of amino acids in a protein.
Most species of cyanobacteria are enclosed in a _____.
carotenoid pigment
phycoerythrin
mucilaginous sheath
nuclear membrane
Answer: mucilaginous sheath
Explanation:
These algae are known as "blue algae" because of their pigmentation or "cyanobacteria" because they are prokaryotes. Microbiologists classify cyanobacteria in the realm of Eubacteria. They are the only prokaryote algae. The cellular organization is prokaryotic, without nuclei or organelles. Respiration takes place at the level of plasmalemma and thylakoids. In the center (nucleoplasm), cells contain their genome and circular plasmids. Cyanobacteria often also have a mucilaginous sheath common to many trichomes.
These organisms contain several carotenoid pigments, particularly myxoxanthophyll, which does not occur in any other algae group. Some cyanobacteria are strictly phototrophic, others are optional: they are phototrophic when in the presence of light, but may grow in obscurity using an organic carbon source. Others can use a source of organic carbon as well as inorganic carbon, but only in the presence of light.
If a forest is producing enough oxygen for both the plants and the animals in the forest to use, is there more photosynthesis happening or more respiration happening within plants?
Plants and animals are interdependent on each other plants produce oxygen by photosynthesis and animal produce co2 by cellular respiration this CO₂ utilize by plants, hence photo photosynthesis and respiration both are happening in equal amounts.
What is the relation between photosynthesis and respiration?Carbon dioxide is exhaled and oxygen is breathed by animals. Plants absorb carbon dioxide and expel oxygen into the atmosphere. Animals breathe in oxygen and exhale carbon dioxide during the respiration process.
In contrast, plants use this carbon dioxide gas to make food and release oxygen into the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis. Thus, we may conclude that animals and plants cooperate to exchange gases in the atmosphere.
The process by which leaves take in carbon dioxide and water and use the power of the sun to transform them into chemical compounds like sugars that nourish the tree is known as photosynthesis.
Therefore photosynthesis produces oxygen and respiration produces CO₂, hence both processes happen in equal amounts.
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The venous side of circulation contains a larger portion of the blood volume than the arterial side.
a. True
b. False
Many hormones are proteins used in cellular communication. Each hormone carries a specific message to specific target cells. State why each of these hormones is able to deliver a different message.
Answer:
The correct answer would be "with the help of specific receptors present on target cells".
A hormone is defined as a chemical signal molecule produced by specific endocrine gland in multi-cellular organisms.
These hormones are transported with the help of the circulatory system and help in regulating the functions of specific cells or tissues.
The hormones are highly specific in their functions.
This specificity is achieved with the help of specific receptors present on target cells.
For instance, the receptors of steroidal hormones are present in the cytoplasm or on nuclear membrane whereas the receptors of protein hormones are present the plasma membrane.
You are conducting an examination of mr. curtis's heart and blood vessels and auscultate a grade iii murmur. the intensity of this murmur is:
The intensity of Mr. Curtis's murmur is moderately loud.
Murmurs are categorized based on how the murmur sounds with a stethoscope. The grading is primarily based on a scale depending on the intensity.
Further ExplanationGrade 1 or 2 murmur can barely be heard, it is a soft that can easily be heard using a stethoscope. A grade 3 is moderate murmur intensity, while grade 4 is a loud murmur that can be heard using a loud stethoscope.
A grade 5 is a loud murmur that can be heard only if the edge of the stethoscope is placed on the skin. A grade 6 murmur is a very loud murmur that can be heard without the stethoscope on the chest and can actually be very visible.
Heart murmur refers to whooshing, blowing or harsh sounds that are heard during heartbeat. The harsh sound is generally due to rough blood flow near the heart.
The heart is composed of four chambers. Which are two upper chambers and two lower chambers. There is a valve in the heart that is close with each heartbeat and causes blood to flow in one direction. The valves are present between the chambers.
Murmurs can happen for a quite numbers of reasons. Murmur can occur if a valve is not closed and leaks blood or when there is a blood flow through stiff heart valve.
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blood vesselsintensitymurmurheartbeatvalvestethoscopeThe role of inflammation in the etiology of atherosclerosis has emerged over the last few years. which lab test is a marker for systemic inflammation?
You see someone on the ground in the parking lot, who appears to be unconscious. after checking the scene for safety, what should you do next?
The receptors for taste and smell are classified as
Some fungal species live in plants and can kill herbivores that feed on the plant. what type of relationship does this fungus have with its host?
The relationship between the fungus and its host plant, where the fungus can kill herbivores that feed on the plant, is a mutualistic relationship. The fungus provides protection for the plant, while the plant provides nutrients for the fungus.
Explanation:The relationship between a fungus and its host plant, where the fungus lives in the plant and kills herbivores that feed on the plant, is a mutualistic relationship. This is because both the fungus and the plant benefit from the interaction. The fungus provides protection for the plant by repelling herbivores, and the plant provides nutrients and a place to live for the fungus.
Other examples of fungal-plant mutualism include endophytes, which live inside plant tissue without damaging the plant. Endophytes release toxins that repel herbivores and confer resistance to environmental stress factors.
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The process of making nitrogen in the air usable to the plant is called nitrogen _______.
The two major veins joining into the superior vena cava are the
What is the primary difference between acute illness and chronic illness?
Dramatic changes in sea level occurred throughout the Cenozoic era and the rise and fall of sea level is recorded in the rocks of the _______________. Amazing numbers of fossil clams, snails, and sand dollars can be found in these marine rocks, along with fossilized whale bones and shark teeth.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
Dramatic changes in sea level occurred throughout the Cenozoic era and the rise and fall of sea level is recorded in the rocks of the Coastal Plain. This makes sense as it is the geographic region closest to the Atlantic Ocean.
Answer:
The answer is C
Explanation:
During intense exercise, can a muscle cell use fat as a concentrated source of chemical energy? explain.
During intense exercise, muscle cells primarily use carbohydrates due to their rapid conversion to ATP, whereas fat metabolism is slower.
During intense exercise, muscle cells primarily rely on carbohydrates, specifically glucose, as the main source of energy. This is because glucose can be rapidly metabolized through glycolysis to produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is the immediate energy currency of cells. Glycolysis doesn't require oxygen and can generate ATP quickly to meet the high energy demands of intense exercise.
On the other hand, fat metabolism, which involves the breakdown of fatty acids, is not as efficient for providing energy during intense exercise. The breakdown of fats requires more oxygen and is a slower process compared to glycolysis. Additionally, fatty acids cannot be metabolized as quickly as glucose, making them less suitable for meeting the immediate energy needs of intense activity.
However, this doesn't mean that muscle cells can't use fat as a source of energy during intense exercise at all. In fact, during prolonged or endurance exercise, when glycogen (the stored form of glucose) becomes depleted, muscle cells can start to rely more on fat metabolism to sustain energy production. As exercise intensity decreases or becomes more prolonged, the body shifts towards utilizing more fat for energy, as fatty acids can provide a more sustained source of ATP production when oxygen is readily available.
So, while muscle cells can use fat as a source of energy, especially during lower intensity or prolonged exercise, during intense exercise, they primarily rely on carbohydrates due to their ability to produce ATP rapidly through glycolysis.
Sac-like structures under the plasma membrane are a characteristic of which major group of protists?
A scientific hypothesis must be ______ and capable of being disproved.
A scientific hypothesis should be testable and capable of being disproved. Nothing can be definitively proven in science, only disproven, so a hypothesis must be potentially falsifiable. This is a core part of the scientific method.
Explanation:A scientific hypothesis must be testable and capable of being disproved. The nature of scientific inquiry is such that nothing can be definitively proven, only disproven. Therefore, for a hypothesis to be considered scientific, it must be framed in such a way that it could potentially be shown to be false. For example, if a biologist hypothesizes that all swans are white, this hypothesis is testable by finding even a single swan that is not white. This notion is essential in the scientific method which uses systematic observation, measurement, and experimentation to formulate, test, and modify hypotheses.
A scientific hypothesis must be testable and capable of being disproved. In other words, it must be possible to conduct experiments or gather evidence that could potentially show the hypothesis to be false. This is an important aspect of the scientific method, which involves formulating and testing hypotheses to understand the natural world.
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Final answer:
A scientific hypothesis must be both testable and able to be disproved, which means it needs to be falsifiable. Experiments are conducted to test the hypothesis and determine if it should be supported or rejected, but no hypothesis can ever be proven completely.
Explanation:
A scientific hypothesis must be testable and capable of being disproved. This means that it should be a proposition that one can evaluate through empirical research, such as experiments or observations. One of the foundational aspects of a scientific hypothesis is its falsifiability.
An idea that cannot in principle be shown to be wrong cannot be a proper scientific hypothesis. To test a hypothesis, experiments are performed that can either support or contradict the hypothesis. It is important to note that science can never totally 'prove' a hypothesis; repeated experiments that align with the hypothesis merely increase its credibility.
For instance, if a student proposed the hypothesis, "The classroom is warm because the air conditioning is not turned on," they could then conduct an experiment by checking the air conditioning system. If the air conditioning is on and the room remains warm, the hypothesis would be disproven, highlighting the critical scientific concept of testability and falsifiability in hypothesis testing.
In the early 1900s a scientist hypothesized a link between DNA and the production of proteins in the cytoplasm. However, the fact that DNA could not be found outside the nucleus led scientists to believe that another substance was also involved in the synthesis of protein in the cytoplasm. In the 1940s scientists performed an experiment that ultimately identified the site of protein synthesis. They also identified the molecule responsible for transporting information form the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis. What was this newly identified molecule? A) A gene B) mRNA C) ATP D) Thymine
Answer:
B
Explanation:
Units of volume can be ml or cm3. which unit would normally apply to irregularly-shaped solods
You cross two fruit trees. one tree produces lemons with spiky leaves and bumpy fruit. the other produces lemons with smooth leaves and smooth fruit. your f1 generation produces lemons with smooth leaves and spiky leaves and bumpy fruit. what are the genotypes of the parents? l = lemons with bumpy fruit; l = lemons with smooth fruit; s = smooth leaf; s = spiky leaf.
the alleles are as follows;
L - lemons with bumpy fruit (dominant)
l - lemons with smooth fruit (recessive)
S - smooth leaf (dominant)
s - spiky leaf (recessive)
parents
one tree - lemons with smooth leaves and smooth fruits
one tree - lemons with spiky leaves and bumpy fruits
if parents show recessive phenotype , this means that the genotype should be recessive homozygous - ll / ss
if parents show dominant phenotype genotype is dominant homozygous or heterozygous
parents - S_ ll x ssL_
f1generation-
bumpy fruits with smooth leaves - SsLl
bumpy fruits with spiky leaves - ssLl
since offspring are bumpy fruits it should either be Ll /LL, but one parent is ll therefore for the offspring to be Ll/ll the other parent should have homozygous LL. Then the offspring will be heterozygous for fruits
offspring have both spiky leaves - ss and smooth leaves Ss. for offspring to have heterozygous and homozygous both, since one parent is already homozygous, the other parent should have heterozygous alleles- Ss
the parents genotypes are Ssll and ssLL
The genotypes of the parent trees are inferred to be lssl and llSs, where 'l' indicates bumpy lemons, 'l' means smooth lemons, 's' denotes smooth leaves, and 'S' stands for spiky leaves. The dominance of the traits and the principle of segregation established by Gregor Mendel through his experiments on pea plants have been used to arrive at this conclusion. A Punnett square analysis helps predict the offspring's genotypes and affirm that the F1 generation would inherit the mixture of traits as given in the question.
Explanation:In this case, the question is about predicting the genotypes of two parent lemon trees that produce specific physical traits (phenotypes) in their offspring, the F1 generation. Here, l and l represent the alleles for the fruit texture (bumpy and smooth), and s and s represent the alleles for the leaf texture (smooth and spiky). The F1 generation that you have is a hybrid with mixed traits, or lslS.
If the F1 generation has both smooth and spiky leaves and bumpy fruit, it indicates that the dominant traits are spiky leaves (S) and bumpy lemons (l). The genotype for the first parent will thus have to be lssl, producing bumpy lemons and spiky leaves. The genotype of the other tree, to make up the F1 generation, must then be llSs, indicating smooth lemons and smooth leaves. The principle of dominance with the Punnett square allows you to infer the genotypes of the parents.
To confirm, we can perform a Punnett square analysis, which predicts the genotypes of the offspring. The combination of lssl and llSs would result in an F1 generation that would express smooth leaves and spiky leaves and bumpy fruit, just as indicated in your question. This kind of analysis stems from Mendelian inheritance and is fundamental in understanding genetics and heredity.
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Which nursing diagnosis is most appropriate for a patient experiencing myelosuppression secondary to chemotherapy for cancer treatment?
Which drug would a nurse anticipate being given with chlorpromazine to reduce extrapyramidal side effects?
An individual afflicted with Lupus, a disorder occurring when the body’s immune system attacks its own tissues and organs, suffers from symptoms including fatigue, chest pain, and joint stiffness and swelling. Of the types of proteins listed below, which is most likely responsible for the onset of this disorder?
A. Storage proteins.
B. Transport proteins.
C. Signaling proteins.
D. Defense proteins.
Answer:
D) Defense Proteins
Explanation:
I got this question right.
Could you please check my work??
Adaptations may occur when...
MARINE SCIENCE
1.) Adaptations may occur when...
a.) an individual needs to survive a dangerous situation.
b.) an individual wants to attract a mate
c.) a species wants to move to a new environment
D.) a trait is advantageous and is passed through generations ( MY ANSWER)
2.) What role does INTRASPECIES competition play in natural selection?
a.) there is competition within a species for resources, and only some individuals will survive.
B.) there is competition within a species for resources, and only the single most fit individual will survive (MY ANSWER)
c.) there is competition between species for resources, and only one species will survive
d.) there is competition between species for resources, and only one individual per species will survive.
(I KNOW IT MUST BE EITHER (a) or (b)
3.) Look at the body shape of the picture shown below...
PICTURE WILL BE PROVIDED
Which one is best adapted to live in open water in epipelagic zone, and why?
a.) Fish A because of its elongated body and powerful tail.
b.) Fish B because of its flattened shape and eyes on the dorsal side.
C.) Fish C because of its streamlined shape and lack of pectoral fins (MY ANSWER : C because it's the darkest
Color and it just looks like the kind of fish that would be in that zone)
d.) none of these because they are sedentary
4.)Which of the following is an example of an inherited variation?
a.) An injury that results in a scar
B.)An eye color different from one's parent (MY ANSWER because it's an inherited trait the offspring could get from ancestors)
c.) A change in muscle mass due to excercise
d.) A variation in speed due to practice
Which of the following graphic organizers best compares natural selection and artificial selection
PICTURE WILL BE PROVIDED
MY ANWER : A because the others labeled below natural selection and artificial selection are wrong with the definition I'm not sure if the similarity is the same compared to D
7.) how does an environmental factor such as overfishing affect genetic factors in population?
a.) overfishing will lead to increased genetic variation.
b.) Environmental factors do no affect genetics factors
C.) Genetic traits that help fish survive are more likely to be seen in future generations. (MY ANSWER)
d.) Genetic traits that are targeted by the fishing industry are more likely to be seen in future generations
7.) Which of the following would be considered a benefit in over production?
A.) The exponential growth of a population ( MY ANSWER)
b.) the survival of the fittest due to competition of resources
c.) the exchange of genetic material between populations
d.) the change in an ecosystem due to the increased population
The correct answer is D.
D.) a trait is advantageous and is passed through generations
There are different kind of adaptations occur in the life of organisms. Adaptations actually help organism to blend with their environment and are necessary for the survival of an organism. When organisms found a trait useful for them, they adopt it and with the passage of time they inherit that trait to their off springs.
Answer 2:The correct answer is B.
B.) there is competition within a species for resources, and only the single most fit individual will survive
Intraspecies competition means the competition within the individual of same species and only the fittest of all the individual will survive. This is the phenomenon of natural selection, in which nature select only most fit individual for the next generations.
Answer 3:The correct answer is C.
C.) Fish C because of its streamlined shape and lack of pectoral fins.
Epipelagic zone is the zone of the sea where most of the sunlight penetrate. It is also called sunlight zone. Fish C is best adopted here because of its streamline shape and lack of pectoral fins.
Answer 4:The correct answer is B.
B.)An eye color different from one's parent
The inherited traits are the traits of individuals that are inherited from parents through genes. So, if an individual exhibit different eye color from his parents. It meas that he is showing inherited variation.
Answer 5:The correct answer is "A" according to graphic organizer.
Genetics always include both natural and artificial factor so that they can examine both the natural and artificial factor in inheritance or heritable variation.
Answer 6:The correct answer is C.
C.) Genetic traits that help fish survive are more likely to be seen in future generations.
The environmental factor such a over fishing affect genetic factors such as that only that genetic traits that help fish survive are more likely to be seen in future generations.
Answer 7:The correct answer is B.
b.) the survival of the fittest due to competition of resources.
In the over production of a population, the survival of the fittest due to competition of resources is a benefit. Because in this way only some of the fittest individual will survive and it will reduce the over production.
Ddee pea plants can produce _____ type(s) of gametes, but a ddee plant can produce _____ type(s) of gametes.
Final answer:
A homozygous ddee pea plant can only produce one type of gamete, while a heterozygous pea plant like Ddee can produce multiple types, depending on the number of gene loci with varied alleles. Pea plants that were studied by Mendel can produce different numbers of gametes based on their genotype.
Explanation:
The student's question pertains to the types of gametes produced by pea plants with different genotypes. A ddee pea plant can produce only one type of gamete because it is homozygous at both gene loci (dd and ee), meaning all gametes produced will carry the alleles d and e. On the other hand, a heterozygous pea plant (like Ddee) can produce multiple types of gametes depending on the number of gene loci with varied alleles. For example, if there are two heterozygous gene loci, say DdEe, it can produce four different types of gametes (DE, De, dE, and de).
In Mendel's genetic inheritance studies, pea plants were diploid and had 14 chromosomes. Without crossing over, the number of unique gametes one pea plant can produce depends on the number of heterozygous gene loci. The YyRr plant, which produces four different gametes, we can infer that for each heterozygous gene locus, the number of possible gametes doubles. Therefore, a pea plant with one heterozygous pair will produce two types of gametes, and for two heterozygous pairs, as in YyRr, it will produce four types of gametes (YR, Yr, yR, yr).
Information gathered from observing the growth of a fish over a month is called Question 2 options: hypotheses. data. variables. inferences.
"slow oxidative muscle fibers are best suited for __________."
Slow oxidative muscle fibers are best suited for endurance activities because they are rich in mitochondria, capillaries, and myoglobin, which enable them to utilize oxygen efficiently for sustained energy provision.
Explanation:Slow oxidative muscle fibers, also known as Type I muscle fibers, are best suited for endurance-based, long-duration activities. This is because these muscle fibers are rich in mitochondria, capillaries and myoglobin, which help in utilizing oxygen efficiently and provide the muscle with a continuous supply of ATP (adenosine triphosphate) energy. For instance, muscles associated with maintaining posture or running a marathon are primarily composed of slow oxidative fibers.
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The nurse is caring for multiple patients on the pulmonary unit. the nurse should question the administration of prescribed epinephrine to which patient?
the process by which one large nucleus splits into two nuclei
Complete this vocabulary exercise relating to enzymes. match the words in the left-hand column to the appropriate blank in the sentences in the right-hand column. view available hint(s)