You hang a microscope slide from a submerged, L-shaped PVC pipe in lake water that is 2 feet deep. The slide hangs 6 inches below the surface of the water and remains there for eight weeks. When you remove it and bring it to your lab for observation, you see that algae, bacteria, and even some fungi have colonized the slide. You determine that you are looking at a(n)
Answer:
The correct answer is a biofilm.
Explanation:
A collection of one or more kinds of microbes, which can grow on various distinct surfaces is considered as a biofilm. The microbes, which produce biofilms comprise fungi, bacteria, and protists. One prime illustration of a biofilm is a dental plaque, that is, a slimy accumulation of bacteria, which develops on the surface of teeth.
Final answer:
The colonization of algae, bacteria, and fungi on the microscope slide that was submerged in lake water for eight weeks indicates the observation of a biofilm.
Explanation:
The colonization of algae, bacteria, and fungi on the microscope slide that was submerged 6 inches below the surface of the water in a lake for eight weeks indicates the observation of a biofilm. A biofilm forms when planktonic bacteria adhere to a surface and produce slime, resulting in the formation of a colony. In this case, the water's dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and larger particles contributed to the growth of biofilm and prevented algal blooms.
In an isotonic contraction, the muscle ________. A. rapidly resynthesizes creatine phosphate and ATP B. does not change in length but increases tension C. never converts pyruvate to lactate D. changes in length and moves the "load"
Answer:
Option D " changes in length and moves the "load"
Explanation:
What means ' isotonic contraction' ?
⇒ Isotonic contractions maintain constant tension in the muscle as the muscle changes length.
This means that option B "does not change in length but increases tension" doesn't apply. (This is isometric)
Option A says : " Rapidly resynthesizes creatine phosphate and ATP
Creatine phosphate breakdown is the most rapid method available to resynthesize ATP. The next fastest is glycolysis followed by aerobic metabolism in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (Krebs' cycle).
Option C says " never converts pyruvate to lactate".
Pyruvate is converted to lactate in anaerobic conditions, by the enzyme Lactate dehydrogenase. If pyruvate never gets converted to lactate it means this enzyme is missing.
Option D says :"Changes in length and moves the load. This is the definition of an isotonic contraction. So option D is correct !
An isotonic contraction is when the muscle changes in length to move a load, maintaining constant tension, which is different from isometric contractions where muscle length remains unchanged.
Explanation:In an isotonic contraction, the muscle changes in length and moves the "load". Unlike isometric contractions where muscle length does not change, isotonic contractions involve a change in muscle length while maintaining constant tension throughout the contraction. There are two types of isotonic contractions: concentric, where the muscle shortens, and eccentric, where the muscle lengthens. During a concentric isotonic contraction, for example, the biceps brachii muscle contracts to lift a weight, shortening as it does so and decreasing the angle of the elbow joint. Conversely, during an eccentric contraction, the muscle lengthens while lowering a weight in a controlled manner, and the angle of the elbow joint increases.
In an isotonic contraction, the muscle changes in length and moves the 'load'. This means that the muscle contracts and shortens, causing movement.
What are the two major factors determining the distribution of terrestrial biomes?temperature and light temperature and rainfall light and rainfall plants and animals temperature and plants
Answer:
Temperature and light
Explanation:
This two factors are determinants in terrestrial biomes, because the temperature is closely related to rainfall, to the formation of glaciers, to the migration of species. And the light is related from the use of these reay by the plant, through the greenhouse effect. This two make the biodiversity to be what it are
A student formulated a hypothesis that cotton will grow larger bolls (pods) if magnesium is added to the soil. The student has two experimental fields of cotton, one with magnesium and one without. Which data should be collected to support this hypothesis?
Answer:
The comparison of the size between groups.
Explanation:
This is like a quasi experimental design, where you need to compare the two groups after you apply the stimulus to the experimental group.
To do this comparison you need to collect the size measurement data, that's when you're gonna support your hypothesis or not. Why size data between groups? Simply because your hypothesis is about larger growing cotton bolls, and that refers to size.
What happens during RNA splicing? RNA polymerase adds nucleotides to an mRNA strand. Enzymes cut introns out of an mRNA strand. A cap and tail are added to an mRNA strand. Transfer RNA is removed from an mRNA strand.
Answer:
It makes the RNA strand shorter
Explanation:
It is to make the process easier and quicker
Answer:
B (Enzymes cut introns out of an mRNA strand)
Explanation:
When an RNA transcript is first made in an eukaryotic cell, it is considered a pre-mRNA. Eukaryotes undergo processing of the pre-mRNA strand immediately after transcription. The genes of an eukaryote are split up into parts that are expressed as RNA products and parts that are not. The parts that contains the actual coding regions and are expressed are called EXONS while the parts removed from in between the exons and referred to as "junk sequences" are called INTRONS.
Introns and exons alternate with each other along the length of the gene. Introns are usually considered the non-coding regions because they don't seem to code for any protein, hence they are removed before the mRNA product is finally ready for translation. This post- transcriptional process is called RNA SPLICING. RNA SPLICING can be likened to the process of removing the chaff (introns) from the wheat (exons). It is the removal of introns and joining of exons in eukaryotic mRNA.
Splicing is carried out by SPLICEOSOMES ( a protein and RNA complex), which removes introns from the genes in mRNA. They locate the ends of the INTRONS, cut them away from the EXONS, and join the ends of adjacent exons together. Once the entire gene is devoid of introns, the process of RNA splicing is complete.
It is worthy to note that, not only do the introns not carry information to build a protein, they actually have to be removed in order for the mRNA to encode a protein with the right sequence. If the spliceosome fails to remove an intron, an mRNA with extra "junk" in it will be made, and a wrong protein will get produced during translation.
The table below shows the number of chromosome pairs for various
organisms
Organism
Number of
Chromosome Pairs
Hare
24
Hyena
20
Kangaroo
6
Meerkat
36
)
Which organism can produce the highest number of genetically different
gametes?
Answer:
The correct answer will be option- Meerkat with 36 chromosome pairs
Explanation:
Genetic diversity in organisms takes place by the process recombination which takes place during cell division through meiosis.
The process of meiosis takes place during the gamete formation in organisms. During prophase I of meiosis, the exchange of DNA between sister chromatids takes place mediated by the formation of the synapse between chromosomes.
If the number of chromosomes in an organism will be high then there will be more probability of the genetic recombination process in those organisms.
So the organism with a high number of chromosome pairs can have the maximum chances of genetic recombination and genetic diversity. Thus, the selected option is the correct answer.
Identify the statement about digestion of DNA by restriction enzymes that is NOT true.
a. It generates restriction fragments.
b. It produces blunt ends. It produces sticky ends.
c. One strand of the DNA molecule is cut.
d. All of the answer choices are correct.
Answer:
c. One strand of the DNA molecule is cut.
Explanation:
Restriction enzymes or RE cut both strands of a DNA molecule, generating restriction fragments with sticky or blunt ends. These enzymes can cut in more than one place in the chain.
A RE creates 2 or more restriction fragments if it cuts in at least 1 place of a linear DNA nolecule or in 2 or more places of a circular DNA molecule.
Final answer:
The incorrect statement is option c, as restriction enzymes cut both strands of the DNA, either producing sticky ends with overhangs or blunt ends with no overhangs, facilitating the recombination of DNA fragments.
Explanation:
The statement about the digestion of DNA by restriction enzymes that is NOT true is option c: One strand of the DNA molecule is cut. Restriction enzymes, by nature, cut both strands of the DNA molecule. Some restriction enzymes make staggered cuts in both strands, producing "sticky ends" that have overhanging single-stranded DNA, while others produce a straight, or blunt, cut across both strands, leaving behind "blunt ends". Both mechanisms are designed to allow easier recombination of DNA fragments. For example, the enzyme BamHI cuts at specific recognition sites to produce sticky ends, and HaeIII cuts to produce blunt ends. The process enables the production of recombinant DNA by joining DNA fragments from different sources, which are cut with the same enzyme, thereby ensuring that the ends of the fragments can ligate.
Homeostasis is the maintenance of internal consistency. It’s a common principal in all living things and extends to pH. In a living system, what helps the organism maintain its pH homeostasis?
Answer:
Buffer systems
Explanation:
Living organisms maintain constant pH of both extracellular and intracellular fluids. The human body also maintains the pH of blood within the narrow range of 7.35 to 7.45. This is achieved with the help of buffer systems. Buffers are the chemicals that convert the strong acids or bases into their weak counterparts by removal or addition of protons.
For example, carbonic acid–bicarbonate buffer system of the human body wherein the bicarbonate ions serve as weak bases while the carbonic acid serves as a weak acid.
Under the conditions of higher H+ concentrations, the bicarbonate ion of the buffer system serves as a weak base and accepts the excess of the H+ to restore the normal range.
For the statements below indicate whether it is a hypothesis, theory, natural law or if it is not a scientific statement at all. Provide an explanation for your reasoning.
Statement 1: By increasing the amount of sun exposure the growth of a tomato plant will increase.
Statement 2: Energy cannot be created or destroyed
Statement 3: When newly industrialized parts of Britain became polluted in the nineteenth century, smoke killed lichens growing on trees and blackened their bark. Pale colored moths which had been well camouflaged before when they rested on tree trunks became very conspicuous and were easily found and eaten by birds. Rare dark moths, which had been conspicuous before, were now well camouflaged in the black background. Birds switched from eating mainly dark moths to pale moths. Over time, the most common moth color changed from pale to dark. Natural selection had caused a change in the British moth population.
Answer:
Statement 1: hypothesis
Statement 2: natural law
Statement 3: theory
Explanation:
1) An hypothesis is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. It provides a suggested outcome. It needs to be tested through experimentation.
The statement says that an increase in sun exposure, increases the tomato plant growth, which is a suggested outcome and it can be tested.
2) Energy cannot be created or destroyed, is the first law of thermodynamics.
A scientific law is the description of an observed phenomenon. Without an explanation of the causes behind it.
3) A scientific theory is the explanation of a given phenomenon, based on a large body of empirical data.
This why after the pale and dark moths example, it says: Natural Selection had caused a change in the British moth population.
It is a theory that explains the phenomenon quoted.
The names of muscles often indicate the action of the muscle. What does the term levator mean?
A. The muscle flexes and rotates a region.
B. The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region.
C. The muscle functions as a synergist.
D. The muscle is a fixator and stabilizes a bone or joint.
Answer:
The right answer is B. The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region.
Explanation:
Levator muscles are the muscles use to raise any region of the body. Like levator anguli oris which elevates the corner of the mouth, levator ani which is made up of many muscle sheets of iliococcygeus, puboretalis, and pubococcygeus muscles and holds pelvic viscera in their place.
Levators costarum during breathing helps in raising the ribs, levator palpebrae superioris have function in raising the eyelids and there are so many levator muscles are present in different places in the body which helps to elevate and/or adducts a region.
Therefore, the right answer is B. The muscle elevates and/or adducts a region.
Although he gave minilessons on using text factors, a teacher found that his students were still not internalizing and applying this information. Of the following, the best way to help students internalize the information would be for the teacher to:A) place the students in literature circlesB) demonstrate with a think-aloudC) require students to read nonfiction booksD) provide more time for sustained silent reading
Answer:
The correct answer is option B) "demonstrate with a think-aloud".
Explanation:
Think-aloud literally means to say one thoughts, expecting to other people would hear them. The strategy of describing the thoughts is very helpful for a teacher to achieve that his students internalize the information that is being given. If the teacher uses this approach, the student could see the teacher's perspective and would know what the teacher is thinking when he is using text factors. In consequence, the next time the student tries to use text factors she or he would know for certain what is the teacher approach.
In a playoff game between the State City Champions and the Anytown Victors, Sara initially bet against the State City Champions, who eventually won. After the game, she claimed she knew the Champions would be the winners. This is an example of a flaw in thinking called the _____ bias.
Answer:
This flaw of thinking is called the HINDSIGHT bias.
Explanation:
"We don't really know the result, but we think as though we do."
The Hindsight bias, creeping determinism, or knew-it-all-along phenomenon, is the assumption of an individual regarding an event that have already occurred as expected, as if he knew it even before the event took place. This leads to the person believing they have a high sense of certainty of what the outcome would really be, even before the culminating of the event. This usually results to overconfidence or overestimation in recalling the sequence of events before the predicted bias.
There are 3 levels of hindsight bias Memory distortion - unable to recall the previous judgment ("I said it would happen").Inevitability - the event must happen even with or without the circumstances (“It had to happen”).Foreseeability - that belief and confidence wherein results of the event were already anticipated, even way before the event culmination (“I knew it would happen”).You do a gram stain of an unknown bacterium and the teacher guarantees you that is it a member of family Enterobacteriaceae. However, your cells come out purple. What other clue might indicate that you do have a member of that family of bacteria?
a. tiny cocci bacilli in chains
b. tiny bacilli
c. rod-shaped cells with endospores
d. curved rods.
Answer:
The correct answer is c. rod-shaped cells with endospores
Explanation:
Most members of family Enterobacteriaceae can appear pink after gram staining due to porous membrane like Zymophilus, Pectinatus etc. Most of them form endospores which is a very tough outer covering formed by cells to resist the adverse condition. Many members of these family resides in intestine of animals and helps in food digestion.
These bacteria comes under phylum Firmicutes and mostly are rod shaped(bacillus). So when most of cells comes out purple the rod shaped cells with endospores indicates that gram stain contains the member of family Enterobacteriaceae.
The correct option is b. tiny bacilli clue might indicate that you do have a member of that family of bacteria.
When performing a Gram stain, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae are typically Gram-negative bacteria, which means they should appear pink or red under the microscope after the staining process. However, if the cells come out purple, it suggests that they have retained the crystal violet dye, which is characteristic of Gram-positive bacteria. This could be due to improper staining technique or the presence of a Gram-variable organism.
Despite the unexpected Gram stain result, the teacher's guarantee that the bacterium is a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae can be supported by other characteristics:
a. Tiny cocci bacilli in chains: This description does not match the typical morphology of Enterobacteriaceae, which are usually rod-shaped.
b. Tiny bacilli: This option is consistent with the typical morphology of Enterobacteriaceae, which are small rod-shaped bacteria.
c. Rod-shaped cells with endospores: While some rod-shaped bacteria form endospores, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae do not typically produce endospores.
d. Curved rods: This morphology is more characteristic of other bacterial families, such as the Vibrionaceae family, not Enterobacteriaceae.
Therefore, the presence of tiny bacilli (option b) would be a clue indicating that the bacterium is indeed a member of the family Enterobacteriaceae, despite the Gram stain result. It is important to consider other morphological and biochemical characteristics when identifying bacteria, especially when there is a discrepancy in staining results.
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PICTURE IS THE QUESTIONNN? THE PICTURE/SCREENSHOT is the questions and Question 1 has a picture to the question.
here are the answer choices if you can see them.
Question 1: A scientist observed that during the course of a chemical reaction in a tissue culture of animal muscle cells, the number of ATP molecules produced was greatly reduced. What did the scientist most likely hypothesize from the observation?
a
oxygen availability became limited
b
oxygen availability increased
c
carbon dioxide availability increased
d
carbon dioxide availability became limited
Question 2: Cells store energy when?
a
the third phosphate group breaks off from an ATP molecule.
b
a third phosphate group is bonded to an ADP molecule
c
they break down sucrose to glucose and fructose.
d
ions are released into the bloodstream.
Q1= the answer I think should be A
Q2= the correct answer B
Answer:
The correct answer will be option-
1. Option-A
2.Option-B
Explanation:
Case I
The production of ATP molecules in the animal cell takes place through a complex process called cellular respiration. The cellular respiration leads to the breakdown of the glucose molecule in the presence of oxygen which is utilized as an electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.
Since the ATP level decreased in the tissues indicated that the tissues are not getting enough oxygen molecule. Thus, option-A is the correct answer.
Case II
The cells store the energy molecule in the form of the ATP molecule which is formed by Phosphorylation or adding the phosphate group to the ADP molecule in the presence of energy provided by the movement of H⁺ ions.
Thus, Option-B is the correct answer.
In fruit flies, an autosomal mutation in the gene for wing veining results in cross veinless wings. This mutation is recessive. At another gene, an autosomal recessive mutation results in white eyes. Which of the following indicates the genotype of an individual heterozygous at both loci?
A. CV+CV W+ W
B. cv+cv w+w
C. v+v r+ r
D. V+V R+R
Answer:
B. cv+cv w+w
Explanation:
Fruit flies have a special nomenclature to write the genotype of individuals.
If the mutation is recessive, you have to write it with lowercase letter(s).If the mutation is dominant, you have to write it with capital letter(s).Wild-type alleles are indicated with a superscript plus (+).In this problem, both crossveinless (cv) and white (w) mutations are recessive.
For that reason, a heterozygous individual's genotype for both genes will be written as:
cv⁺ cv w⁺ wThe genotype of an individual fruit fly heterozygous at both loci for veinless wings and white eyes would be represented as 'cv+cv w+w'. This individual carries one dominant and one recessive allele for each trait, meaning the dominant traits of normal wing veining and normal eye color would be expressed.
Explanation:In genetics, the term heterozygous refers to an individual having two different alleles for a particular gene. In the case of fruit flies, the genotype of an individual heterozygous at both loci means carrying one dominant and one recessive allele for each mutation: one for the veinless wing characteristic and another for the white eyes characteristic.
The correct answer to the given question would therefore be B. cv+cv w+w. Here, 'cv+' and 'w+' denote the dominant alleles for the normal wing veining and eye color, respectively, while 'cv' and 'w' refer to the recessive alleles that lead to veinless wings and white eyes, respectively. Given that both are recessive traits, each needs a double dose of the respective mutated gene to express itself, so a heterozygous fly would not show either trait.
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Cells contains parts known as organelles. These parts are specialized. What does that mean
Answer:
The answer below
Explanation:
What means that organelles are specialized?
Cells contains several kinds of organelles which help it to accomplish all the functions the cell needs. The cell is similar to us, we have different organs to do all our functions, the organelles are specialized in different activities to do all the functions the cells needs to be healthy. For example it has a membrane to protect and isolate from the environment, it has several mitochondria to generate energy or it has a nucleus to control all the activities. If the organelles weren't specialized, the cell couldn't accomplish all its functions.
Specialization refers to the process by which a structure becomes differentiated for a particular function. When a female ovum is fertilised by sperm, a zygote is formed which grows by mitosis. As it grows into am embryo then foetus, these cells undergo specialization as they form different tissues and organs which all play different roles to ensure the proper functioning of the body. Similarly, as organs and tissues cells undergo further specialization, in terms of organelles. Each cell contains organelles which serve different purposes, the nucleus controls cellular activity, mitochondria provides energy in the form of ATP, cytoplasm which provides the environment for metabolic reactions and ribosomes for protein synthesis ( to name a few). Each organelle uniquely specialized for its intended purpose and all reliant on each other.
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A chemical imbalance in the body can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view that
Answer:
all levels of organisation within an organism are interdependent
Explanation:
An organism has different levels of organization within itself that, the levels are s follows: cell ----> tissues----> organs----> organ systems and there are further different organ systems present within an organism.Even though the organisms have a different level of organization, still there is an interdependence amongst these levels and all these different levels have to coordinate and work together so that the body can function normally. Therefore, a chemical imbalance in the body which may occur due to the nervous/endocrine system can cause the heart to stop pumping blood which is, in turn, a part of the cardiovascular system and this may further affect other tissues and organs and these may stop functioning. Thus this clearly shows how different levels coordinate and work to carry on norma functioning of the body.The mucosa of the appendix contains masses of lymphoid tissue (MALT) and therefore leukocytes capable of attacking bacteria are present in the appendix. During appendicitis, bacteria trapped in the lumen of the appendix are not effectively attacked because ______.
Answer: There is an inadequate blood supply to the appendix wall
Explanation: The appendix is a tube-shaped sac that's attached to the large intestine. It exists in humans and a small number of other mammals, including the koala and apes. In medical terms, it’s referred to as 'vermiform appendix' for its thin, worm-like shape.
According to researchers, the human digestive system is full of bacteria necessary to digest food. [1] When attack from diseases, sometimes these important kinds of bacteria are purged or killed off. In such situations, the appendix can act as a reserve for good bacteria. After the immune system beats off the disease, the bacteria emerge and re-colonize the gut.
During appendicitis, bacteria trapped in the lumen of the appendix are not effectively attacked because of the inadequate blood supply to the appendix wall. Therefore leukocytes are not able to migrate to the site of infection to attack the bacteria.
Bacteria trapped in the lumen of the appendix during appendicitis aren't effectively attacked because inflammation and swelling from the resulting inflammatory response create a physical obstacle that interferes with the immune response. This is despite the appendix housing the mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), a critical component of the immune system that typically aids in fighting off bacteria.
Explanation:During appendicitis, bacteria trapped in the lumen of the appendix are not effectively attacked because the resultant inflammation and swelling can create a physical barrier that hinders the circulation of leukocytes and the conduction of the immune response. The mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) in the appendix forms an integral part of the immune system, housing leukocytes that attack bacteria. Specialized endothelial cells, known as M (or microfold) cells in MALT, typically transport materials from the intestinal lumen to neighboring follicles to instigate immune responses against potential pathogens.
However, in the case of appendicitis, a blockage in the lumen can trigger these cells to incite an inflammatory response instead. That can lead to the appendix swelling, essentially creating a physical barrier that prevents leukocytes from effectively reaching and attacking the trapped bacteria.
Furthermore, this situation can be exacerbated by the presence of copious blood and lymphatic vessels in the lamina propria (the tissue layer beneath the MALT). When these vessels react to the inflammation by dilating and becoming permeable, tissue edema can ensue, further compromising the immune response.
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Two organisms live in the same geographical area, are very similar genetically, and can breed with each other successfully. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. These organisms have undergone natural selection.
b. These organisms are members of different populations.
c. These organisms are members of the same species.
d. These organisms have gone extinct.
Answer: Option C
Explanation:
When two genetically similar species can breed among each other in order to produce a fertile offspring then it is known as members of same species.
The offspring that is produced must be fertile in order to extend the members in the same species.
Two organism can breed because they are genetically similar and the similarity allows the organism produces a fertile offspring.
When soft-centered chocolates are made, the enzyme invertase is used to convert sucrose into glucose and fructose. This causes the chocolate centers to become softer and sweeter.
Identify the substrate, enzyme, and product in the above reaction.
An in advance thanks to anyone who replies! :D
The substrate in the reaction is sucrose, the enzyme used is invertase and the product formed is glucose.
What is a substrate?A substance on which certain enzymes acts and forms product is referred to as a substrate.
In the given situation, the sucrose is converted into product called glucose by the action of enzyme invertase.
Thus, the substrate in the reaction is sucrose, the enzyme used is invertase and the product formed is glucose.
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The answers are: a) The enzyme should not be heated above 45°C to avoid denaturation. b) Invertase accelerates the conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose by decreasing the activation energy of the hydrolysis reaction. c) Increasing the substrate concentration can diminish the impact of inhibitors on the enzyme's activity.
Using Invertase in Soft-Centred Chocolates:
Invertase is an enzyme crucial in the production of soft-centred chocolates as it converts sucrose into the smaller molecules glucose and fructose. This conversion makes the centres softer and sweeter.
A) Temperature Sensitivity of Invertase:
Invertase must not be heated to temperatures above 45°C because enzymes are proteins that can denature at high temperatures. Denaturation causes the enzyme to lose its structure and, consequently, its functional activity, meaning it would no longer catalyze the conversion of sucrose to glucose and fructose efficiently.
B) Mechanism of Action
Invertase increases the rate of conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose by lowering the activation energy of the hydrolysis reaction. This enzyme binds to the sucrose molecule at its active site, facilitating the breaking of the glycosidic bond between glucose and fructose more efficiently than would occur in the absence of the enzyme.
C) Effect of an Inhibitor
The effect of an inhibitor on invertase may be reduced by increasing the concentration of the substrate (sucrose) because there will be more substrate molecules available to bind to the enzyme’s active sites.
This reduces the chances of the inhibitor molecules binding to the enzyme instead of the substrate, thereby allowing the enzyme to continue catalyzing the reaction.
Complete Question: -
When soft-centred chocolates are made, the enzyme invertase is used to convert sucrose into the smaller molecules glucode and fructose. This causes the centres of the chocolates to become softer and sweeter.
a) state why the invertase must not be heated to temperatures above 45°.
b) state how invertase increases the rate of conversion of sucrose into glucose and fructose.
c) Explain why the effect of an inhibitor on an enzyme may be reduced by increasing the concentration of the substrate
The "Bateman gradient" states that males have more variable reproductive success than do females, since males can mate with many females while females are limited by the number of eggs they produce. This explains why the male Idaho ground squirrel follows his mate everywhere. True or False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
The Given statement of False. As The "Bateman gradient" states that males have more variable reproductive success than do females, since males can mate with many females while females are limited by the number of eggs they produce. This is false statement. This does not explain why the male Idaho ground squirrel follows his mate everywhere.
how do organisms carry out chemical activity of life?
A. through homeostasis
B. through asexual reproduction
C. by increasing metabolism
Answer:
I believe c
Explanation:
All of the following are properties of membranes EXCEPT:
a. supramolecular assemblies.
b. define boundaries of cellular components.
c. spontaneous assemblies resulting from hydrophobic interactions.
d. identical protein and lipid composition in the major organelles.
e. none, all are true.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
A guest called an operation and told the manager about getting sick after eating there.The guest complained of vomiting and diarrhea a few hours after eating the raw oysters.What pathogen probably caused the illness?
a) Norovirus
b) Shigella spp.
c) Salmonella Typhi
d) Enterohemorrhagic and shiga toxin-producing E.coli
Answer:
a) Norovirus
Explanation:
Norovirus also known as winter vomiting bug is a very contagious virus. It causes vomiting, diarrhea and stomach pain. It can spread from eating contaminated food or by person to person. Oysters and other shell fish are very common agents of norovirus outbreaks. When they are exposed to untreated human sewage they come in contact with the virus. They filter sea water via their bodies to obtain food but norovirus is able to cross their bodies and accumulates inside them. Oysters are typically at more risk of transmitting the disease because they are eaten raw. To reduce the risk of norovirus shellfish should be cooked at a temperature of 145 degrees Fahrenheit.
How many ATP are generated in the electron transport chain?
o2
O4
32
36
Answer:
32
Explanation:
After a period of rapid growth (log phase), bacterial growth rates will slow and enter the stationary phase. The number of viable cells no longer increases, but instead stays constant. In this activity you will indicate the statements that correctly describe what is happening during stationary phase. Reasons?
A. The number of cells that are dying is balanced by the number of new cells that are being formed.
B. Cells are not increasing in number because they have not yet adjusted to the nutrient availability in the new media.
C. Harmful waste products may be accumulating.
D. The cells are likely running out of nutrients.
Answer:
A. The number of cells that are dying is balanced by the number of new cells that are being formed.
C. Harmful waste products may be accumulating.
D. The cells are likely running out of nutrients.
Explanation:
During the stationary phase, the number of viable cells remains constant. This may be due to a balance between cell division and cell death wherein the total number of newly formed cells and the cells undergoing death are equal.
Nutrient limitation is one of the several factors that make the microbial cells to enter the stationary phase. Depletion of nutrients slows down the population growth.
Accumulation of toxic waste products as it occurs during the growth of anaerobic bacteria also adversely affects the population growth.
For example, the accumulation of lactic acid and other organic acids (by-products of anaerobic respiration) inhibits the growth of the population by making the medium acidic.
Question 7
A reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water is a(n)_____ reaction.
A)neutralization
B)synthesis
C)decomposition
D)endpoint
Answer:
Neutralization
Explanation:
Neutralization, there is nothing much to add. Neutralization is the reaction of an acid and a base. A typical acid is HA and a typical base BOH the reaction is:
HA + BOH -> H2O + BA
H2O is water
BA is the salt
Answer:
A reaction between an acid and a base that produces a salt and water is a neutralization reaction. Hence the answer is option A.
Explanation:
A neutralization reaction is defined as when a chemical utilize the other chemical during the course of reaction. In this case the acid utilizes the base and the base neutralizes the acid. During the course of reaction the salt is formed and the salt is deposited in the base of the container.
Acid can turn blue litmus into red whereas a base can turn red litmus paper into blue. According to the pH value of acid is defined as whose value is is less than 7 and a base is defined as whose value is more than 7 up to 14.
A geologist discovers that the number of fossils of a single species decreases significantly in higher rock layers compared to deeper rock layers. Which conclusion can best be drawn from this evidence?
Answer:
The species became less abundant
Explanation:
If the species decreases it doesn't necessarily means it has become extinct.
Answer:
This means that the number of individuals of this species has decreased over time.
Explanation:
When a rock is formed in one place, it goes through a process called weathering, which causes this rock to create layers over time. The deeper the layer, the older it is, on the other hand, the more superficial layers are younger. This is very important when cinetistas want to know how the population of a given species has increased or decreased over the years.
This occurs by visualizing the amount of fossils in each layer of the rock. If scientists can see that the number of fossils of a single species decreases significantly in the higher rock layers compared to the deeper layers, they can conclude that the number of members of that species has decreased over time.
3. What 20th century discovery has been instrumental to the field of genetic engineering by allowing researchers to cut and splice specific DNA fragments into microorganisms?
a) Small RNAs
b) Restriction enzymes
c) Ribozymes
d) The microbiome
Answer:
b) Restriction enzymes
Explanation:
Restriction enzymes are the endonucleases that recognize and cut the specific DNA sequence and breakdown the DNA into smaller fragments.
With the discovery of these enzymes, it became possible to cut the genome of microbes or any other organism at the specific site.
For example, the restriction sequence for the restriction enzyme EcoRI is 5' GAATTC 3' on one strand and it cuts between G and A of the sequence and between A and G on the complementary strand.
what is fetch, definition???
Answer:
achieve when sold
Explanation: