English Middle School

Which sentence has correct punctuation?
These are my three closest friends: Maria, Janet, and Ana.
I think that my closest friends are: Maria, Janet, and Ana.
At the park I saw: Maria, Janet, and Ana.
I really love: Maria, Janet, and Ana.

Answers

Answer 1

The sentence that has the correct punctuation is These are my three closest friends: Maria, Janet, and Ana.

What is Punctuation?

This refers to the use of symbols to show the different meanings of words in a given sentence and their importance to the text.

Hence, we can note that option A is correct because there is the use of colon to show the list of people and also the use of comma to differentiate between people in the list.

Read more about punctuation here:

https://brainly.com/question/1224394

Related Questions

Which of the following is an example of figurative language from “The Bells"?


A)“To the turtle-dove that listens, while she gloats/On the moon!"

B)“How we shiver with affright”

C)“To the tintinnabulation that so musically wells”

D)“Hear the mellow wedding bells –“

Answers

Which of the following is an example of figurative language from “The Bells"?

C)“To the tintinnabulation that so musically wells” 

Hope this helps.

I HAVE 24 MORE ENGLISH QUESTIONS BUT I GOT 3 HERE!!! IF YOU WANNA ANSWER ALL OF THEM JUST TELL ME AND IT'S WORTH MEGA POINTS.

Answers

1. C. I think. 
2. B.
3. A. 

I hope this helps I'm not very good. 

Use your notes from the debate to complete the debate evaluation. Be sure to write in complete sentences and use appropriate grammar. PLEASE HURRY

Answers

Each team intelligently made some attempt to define terms at the beginning of the debate. Only the positive team seemedwilling to return to these definitions though, and even the agreeing team regarded the definitions as one issue among many rather than a central and bringing together as one part of the argument. This not enough attention to definitions is mostly responsible for the overall scattered character of the debate. While each team responded to arguments on the other side, it never became clear to the debaters nor to the audience just what the key issues to think about were. What was really being argued about? It is therefore showing signs of sickness that neither team actually talked about the strong state of mind to do something in the whole debate. The teams weren't sure what exactly they were arguing about. In a debate over a way to solve the problem, a careful look at that resolution can often tell about related to a plan to reach a goal possibilities, or difficult to notice aspects of the debate that could play in favor of one side or the other. In this debate, not only were the ideas of speaking and writing important, but so should have been the idea of inferior. What would make one medium inferior to another? Without some sense of what inferior is supposed to mean, we have no basis on which to judge success in the debate. The positive team was heading in the right direction when they offered a definition of effective communication, but even then, this definition should have been regularly all the time and immediately related back to a way to solve the problem. The negative missed a major opportunity by not taking advantage of the thought made beforehand built in to the ability to display or measure very small things they did not need to show that writing was better than speech, only that writing was not inferior to speech. One way, for example, to show that writing is not inferior is to argue that both forms of communication are completely extremely important, and as such neither can be thrown away. Or the negative team might have argued that writing cannot be strictly separate than speech, and so cannot be judged inferior. The bottom line is that without an examination of the resolution, debaters and judges have no strong sense of what they are arguing about or how to decide. This weakness -- the lack of central argument -- described not only the content of the debate but also the form of the individual speeches. Without some sort of center to the arguments, each speech tended to be a list of points, with no bringing together as one way of thinking basic truth and no related to using clever words to get attention and change people's minds structure. A list of points is very hard to keep in mind (as the negative team sometimes pointed out in the middle of their list!), so such a list is not only hard to follow but generally not very forcing interesting. 

To evaluate a debate, it's necessary to have access to the notes or the transcript of the debate, which allows for a thorough review of the arguments made by each side.

What is a debate?

When evaluating a debate, it's important to consider several factors, such as the clarity and coherence of the arguments, the use of evidence and examples to support claims, the strength of the rebuttals, and the overall impact of the speeches on the audience. In addition, the evaluation should take into account the effectiveness of the presentation and delivery of the arguments. This includes factors such as the use of language, tone of voice, body language, and overall presence on stage.

Hence, to evaluate a debate, it's necessary to have access to the notes or the transcript of the debate, which allows for a thorough review of the arguments made by each side.

Learn more about the debate here.

https://brainly.com/question/1022252

#SPJ2

what is the most appropriate tone for a research paper or project

Answers

While business communication is more formal, you should know when to be assertive, conversational, cajoling, or apologetic, depending on the situation. 
An expository essay should have a very formal tone.
NOTE: It is best to never use first person in any professional essay.
Hope this helps! : )

Which sentence is punctuated correctly? Where did you put my socks Mom?

Answers

there should be a comma between socks and mom

The sentence that is punctuated correctly is: "I was delighted to earn an A in English (even if I wasn't particularly surprised)." that is last option as the sentence uses parentheses correctly to enclose an additional, but less important, thought within the main sentence.

What is proper punctuation?

In the correct sentence, the parentheses are used to enclose a phrase that is a supplementary comment on the speaker's experience earning an A in English. The phrase "even if I wasn't particularly surprised" is less important than the main clause "I was delighted to earn an A in English," but it adds a layer of nuance to the sentence. The parentheses are used correctly in this case to indicate that this supplementary comment is separate from the main clause and can be omitted without affecting the sentence's meaning.

Hence, a sentence that is punctuated correctly is: "I was delighted to earn an A in English (even if I wasn't particularly surprised)." that is last option as the sentence uses parentheses correctly to enclose an additional, but less important, thought within the main sentence.

Learn more about proper punctuation here.

https://brainly.com/question/6563679

#SPJ3

complete question is below

Which sentence is punctuated correctly?I've saved (about thirty dollars) toward my new bike.

(My Tuesday) karate class was canceled.

My brother, believe it or not, (color-codes) his socks!

I was delighted to earn an A in English (even if I wasn't particularly surprised)

What is the shortened form of a word that has an apostrophe in place of missing letters?

Answers

The shortened form of a word that has an apostrophe in place of a missing letter is called A contraction
its called contraction

The walls of Valhalla were; its ceiling glittered due to polished spearheads.

Answers

B not 100% positive tho

It’s B

I just took this test.

Explain the degree to which Shakespeare used outside sources and ideas in his plays?

Answers

Shakespeare did not invent the plots of his plays. Sometimes he used old stories

Compare and Contrast topics and themes of writers from America’s and Europeans

Answers

most early European writers as well as American writers used the bible or morale to write from. dante for one. melville for another. or how about C.S. lewis' Chronicles of Narnia? morality and religion dominated the fiction scene for generations from both cultures. your topic is incrediblly broad for a specific answer.

This question is based on the following paragraph. The back yard was covered in late afternoon sunlight. The leaves danced in the trees, delighted that spring had finally arrived. The tulips were bright slashes of color like a child's crayon drawing. In the garden, the first green shoots were pushing out of the soil to greet the warmth of the sun. Sitting on the porch swing, I drank in the beauty of nature, a delicious treat. Which sentence from the paragraph is an example of a simile? A. The back yard was covered in late afternoon sunlight. B. The leaves danced in the trees, delighted that spring had finally arrived. C. In the garden, the first green shoots were pushing out of the soil to greet the warmth of the sun. D. The tulips were bright slashes of color like a child's crayon drawing.

Answers

D, because a simile is a comparison that uses like or as. Hope this helps

D. The tulips were bright slashes of color like a child's crayon drawing.

what figurative language is used in the poem the kraken by Alfred lord Tennyson

Answers

In 'The Kraken' by Alfred Lord Tennyson, figurative language includes personification of love, metaphors comparing love to geographical features, and similes creating synesthesia for vivid imagery.

The figurative language used in the poem 'The Kraken' by Alfred Lord Tennyson primarily consists of instances of personification and metaphor. Personification is evident where love is given human characteristics such as caresses and kisses. Metaphor is used when love's deep impact is compared to a geographical feature with abysses, suggesting that it is as impactful and profound as a deep sea or a mountain range.

Implied metaphors also enrich the poem. For example, the artistic creations meant to tame the chaotic sea in a sense 'break', or impose order upon, the furious natural elements that are the 'images'. This illustrates a struggle between the natural world and human attempts at control through art and order.

Moreover, similes are utilized to draw comparisons and create synesthesia, by intermingling different senses. This technique amplifies the vividness of the imagery, as seen when the flaming of the sun is likened to 'shining from shook foil', engaging both sight and sound in one image.

Write an argumentative essay for or against maintaining traditional coming-of-age ceremonies, such as a bar mitzvah or a quinceañera. has to be a paragraph the person gets 30 points and no cheating pleaseeeeeee

Answers

Coming of age ceremonies must be maintained because it is an important stage in a person's life where he/she is acknowledged as an adult, self-cofidence is increased, and responsibility is embraced. The transition from childhood to adulthood marks an individual's entry into the serious status of being counted as part of the backbone of the community -- someone who becomes part of the protectors and decision-makers of the group. Secondly, since the person is given a higher and more stable status, he/she becomes more confident and this affects the way he/she looks at life and his/her relationship with others. Finally, the individual accepts and performs his duties towards his/her family, his peers, and the whole sociey. Therefore, it is absolutely important that coming age ceremonies must be maintained.

Coming of age ceremonies are vital as they're the transition of a young person from being a child to being an adult.

Coming of age must is an important stage in a person's life where the person is acknowledged as an adult and such a person is charged with more responsibilities.

Coming of age ceremonies are simply ways to support, celebrate, and honor children who are steping into adolescence or the teenagers moving into adulthood.

In conclusion, the ceremony must be maintained.

Read related link on:

https://brainly.com/question/25741184

what are the pros and cons of using propaganda in an essay

Answers

I guess you could say a pro is that gullible people will believe you, but that's an unethical pro. The cons are that it usually causes much controversy in a society where there's not supposed to be a bias in the government. Propaganda in its true form is never a good thing. It is unethical in the sense that it takes advantage of people who are too lazy to do research and quick to believe what someone tells them. One example I like to use is many of these independent "news" websites. On both ends of the political spectrum, left and right, you find websites that have articles so heavily weighed down with that wings propaganda that true news becomes less and less visible. Occupy Democrats is one textbook example of that. 

The use of propaganda in an essay can help streamline and clarify ideas, serving as a powerful tool to influence and promote political movements. However, it can also be misleading and manipulative, promoting a biased viewpoint without adequate truth. The digital age complicates propaganda's role, acting as both a tool for spreading and checking facts.

The pros and cons of using propaganda in an essay are varied and relate to the intent behind its use. On one hand, propaganda can help organize and clarify ideas to support a viewpoint and allow students to focus on the essay's content. On the other hand, it can be manipulative, misrepresent facts to endorse a certain perspective, and build support for policies or actions that the public might not naturally align with.

Benefits of propaganda include its ability to mobilize people for causes like the American Revolution or to promote political movements. For instance, Franklin's 'Join or Die' illustration effectively rallied support. However, the strategic omission of information, such as the dangers of war on recruitment posters, depicts the skewed nature of propaganda.

Moreover, the transition towards digital propaganda introduces new challenges, as the internet acts as both a propaganda machine and a fact-checking tool. Without proper education in discerning fact from fiction online, propaganda can easily be the winning force over truth.

Read the following sentence:

I relish our Wednesday discussions and look forward to hearing the interesting events of your days.

What is another word for relish?
Avoid Consider Enjoy Dread

Answers

He is right, relish means enjoy (kinda like enjoyment or greatly enjoyed)

Answer:

Enjoy or B

Explanation:

Which person is an example of a flat character? A. A lonely man who discovers his true friends when he has an emergency B. A bank teller who refuses to let the main character complete a transaction C. A spoiled teen who learns to care for people who are less fortunate D. A small, nervous child who grows into a strong and powerful wizard

Answers

That would be B, the bank teller. He has no character development and isn't fleshed out, so he's a flat character.

Hope I helped!
A "flat character" is essentially a character who doesn't change throughout a story. They are seen as "stagnant" and remain the same, so it doesn't affect the storyline.

Let's compare this definition to the options you have.

〜 Option a)
A lonely man who discovers his true friends when he has an emergency

ヽ The description we derive from this sentence is that the man is lonely, but eventually discovers his "true friends" when facing an emergency. This change in events means that the character's life has things going on and changes how the man used to be lonely, and instead one may describe him to be surrounded by those who love him; he may be a grateful man rather than a lonely one.

〜 Option b)
A bank teller who refuses to let the main character complete a transaction

Because no further details are given about what happens in the story, we are given the general idea of the bank teller constantly refusing to let the main character complete a transaction. This event is therefore repetitive and constant, meaning the bank teller is an example of a flat character.

〜 Option c)
A spoiled teen who learns to care for people who are less fortunate

The spoiled teen is described to gradually learn to care for the less fortunate, revealing that the character undergoes a change from being ungrateful and careless to being empathetic to those that are less fortunate. This is a change in character and so therefore the spoiled teen in the story is not a flat character.

〜 Option d)
A small, nervous child who grows into a strong and powerful wizard

Because it is said that the child starts off as being "small" and nervous, who then transforms into a strong and powerful wizard, the character's personality stands to represent a kind of oxymoron. This change in persona is a clear indicator of the character being anything but "flat".

Hope this helps! ッ

Please answer all of them!

Answers

1.) B
2.) B
3.) B

Happy to help! :)

Please help will give brainlest!
#1 thank you

Answers

it is artifice, which means to be cunning and clever and deceive others

Which best the tone of this excerpt a combative b confused c hateful d deceitful

Answers

the best answer is being combative ;)

Answer:

A

Explanation:Edge 2022

What two elements of education have evolved since colonial times?

Answers

The answer would be most likely Mathematics and Grammar.

Answer:

The two Education elements that evolved since colonial times were the Birth of the public schools and universities.

Explanation:

During the Colonial Era people only belonging to middle and upper class were allowed to learn.

In the 17th century, were the first American school opened. Boston Latin School, founded in 1635, is the first and the oldest existing school in the US. Colonists during that period first tried to educate people by the traditional English methods of family, church, etc.

Emphasis was made to educate people after the Revolution so that they can read the Bible.

Harvard College was founded in 1636, by the colonial legislature, named after its benefactor. Funds were collected from the colonies to run the universities.

I would like to nominate my friend Angela Consolo for class president. Angela is an excellent student who participates in many extracurricular activities. She has always had a knack for leadership. She currently acts as captain of the soccer team and president of the honor society. I believe that Angela could help our class reach its goals over the next school year. Jason wrote a letter to nominate his friend Angela for class president. Do the examples Jason provided in this part of his letter support his position? A) no, because they do not explain why Angela wants to be president B) yes, because they support the idea that Angela is an excellent leader C) no, because they do not tell readers what Angela would do as president D) yes, because they show readers how popular Angela is with other students

Answers

Answer:

The Answer Is B

Explanation:

This portion of Jason's letter supports his nomination of Angela because his examples show why she will make a good president. The correct answer is yes, because they support the idea that Angela is an excellent leader.

Answer:

B) yes, because they support the idea that Angela is an excellent leader

Explanation:

This portion of Jason's letter supports his nomination of Angela because his examples show why she will make a good president. The correct answer is yes, because they support the idea that Angela is an excellent leader.

Pleas help me answer this question

Answers

The first choice is the correct answer
The first option "My cat, who sleeps all day, likes to romp and play in the middle of the night" is the correct answer as the phrase "who sleeps all day" could be removed and the sentence would still make sense.

which of the following is correct? A.fred and me fixed the engine B.fred and I fixed the engine C.fred and me we fixed the engine D.fred and me did fix the engine

Answers

Final answer:

The correct sentence is 'Fred and I fixed the engine'. It is grammatically correct to use 'I' as the subject of a sentence.

Explanation:

The correct sentence is: B. Fred and I fixed the engine. In English grammar, when you are talking about yourself and another person doing an action, it is correct to use 'I' instead of 'me'. This is because 'Fred and I' is the subject of the sentence, and the rule is that 'I' is used in subject position. Saying 'Fred and me' would be incorrect because 'me' is an object pronoun, not a subject pronoun.

Learn more about English Grammar here:

https://brainly.com/question/33729112

#SPJ6

Final answer:

The correct sentence is 'Fred and I fixed the engine'. 'I' is used instead of 'me' when the speaker is the subject of the sentence

Explanation:

The correct sentence is option B. Fred and I fixed the engine. In English, when you are the subject of a sentence (that is, you are doing the action), you should use 'I' instead of 'me'. By saying 'Fred and I', you are indicating that you and Fred are the ones who completed the action, which in this case is the action of 'fixing the engine'. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they misuse 'me' in place of 'I' when the speaker is part of the subject of the sentence.

Learn more about English grammar here:

https://brainly.com/question/30823610

#SPJ6

In the Line "Hands that mocked them", whose hands in it referring to?

A) The Traveler

B) The Sculptor

C) Ozymandias

D) A Man

Answers

Answer: B) The Sculptor

Explanation: " the hands that mocked them " refers to the hands of sculpturer who made the sculpture of ozymandias in such a beautiful way in which it represents the arrogance of the king . " the heart that fed " refers to the heart of sculpturer which gave the feelings to the sculpture of Ozymandias .

I GIVE BRAINLIEST......Read "Mrs. Long asking what are you looking for today .When I wanted Leaves of Grass or alfred north whitehead
She would go to the big library uptown and I now know
Hat in hand to ask to borrow so that I might borrow
Probably they said something humiliating since southern
Whites like to humiliate southern blacks"

What does the poet now understand about mrs long? (mrs long is a librarian)

Answers

Final answer:

The poet realizes that Mrs. Long faced humiliation for her support of black people seeking literature during times of racial discrimination, demonstrating her dedication and kindness.

Explanation:

The poet now understands that Mrs. Long, the librarian, was considerate and would go out of her way to help others. Despite any potential humiliation she might face from others due to racial prejudices, she still made efforts to provide for those in need of literature and knowledge. The poet reflects on this realization with a sense of gratitude and perhaps remorse, recognizing the lengths to which Mrs. Long went to support a community facing discrimination.

(15 points! Answer Asap) Please help with this question from Walk Two Moons.

Answers

4, 1, 3, 2, is the correct answer I'm sorry no one helped you and its been 2 weeks. :(

REPHRASE THIS INTO LESSER WORDS:
Once upon a time widespread throughout the Yangtze River network in China, but eventually
fell victim to widespread pollution, development and hunting. The Yangtze giant softshell turtle is the largest freshwater turtle in the world. Only three
specimens are known to exist in the world after a fourth one died in Vietnam in January 2016 Only
one is female, meaning that the survival of the species rests entirely on her capacity to breed.
However, she's 100 years old, and so far there's no sign of motherhood for the old turtle.
Scientists are working to improve conditions at the enclosure to improve the odds that a brood
will survive.

Answers

The Yangtze giant softshelled turtle, also the largest freshwater turtle in the world, has fallen victim to pollution, development, and hunting. There are only three left, only one of them being a female, so the fate of the species rests entirely on if she can breed or not. Though she’s 100 years old and doesn’t show signs of motherhood, scientists are working to improve the enclosure’s conditions in order for her to survive.
The largest freshwater turtle, the Yangtze giant softshell turtle found in the Yangtze River network in China was a victim of pollution, development, and hunting. Three specimens are alive after the 4th died on Jan. 2016. A 100-year-old female has no sign of giving birth and Scientist are fighting to improve conditions so that a brood will survive.

Which statement evaluates the article “The Mysteries of Ancient Egypt”?

A.“The Mysteries of Ancient Egypt” was published in April 2011.
B.The author of “The Mysteries of Ancient Egypt” was once a history teacher.
C.The organization of the paragraphs in “The Mysteries of Ancient Egypt” is confusing.
D.The main subject of “The Mysteries of Ancient Egypt” is hieroglyphs.

Answers

The answer is c because it is the only option that actually evaluated the article.

The organization of the paragraphs in “The Mysteries of Ancient Egypt” is confusing is that statement evaluates the article “The Mysteries of Ancient Egypt.” Thus, option (c) is correct.

What is Egypt?

The largest Arab nation is Egypt, which is situated in Africa's northeast. In contemporary Middle Eastern affairs, Egypt has assumed a significant role. The Egypt citizen is called the Egyptians. The Egyptians were of Egyptian descent, and their native language was Asian.

According to the “The Mysteries of Ancient Egypt” are the organization of the confusing in the paragraphs. The Mysteries of Ancient Egypt refers to the measure, the royal cubit. Ancient Egyptians are the labor are the specialized labor. There are the specialized labor are the food surplus of the system are the commodities.

As a result, the organization of the paragraphs in “The Mysteries of Ancient Egypt.” Therefore, option (c) is correct.

Learn more about on Egypt, here:

https://brainly.com/question/9626101

#SPJ6

"I had a thousand times rather be miserable with remembering my mother, than be happy in forgetting her."

Which reason below best describes why the author would have Proserpina speak of her mother in this syntax? (5 points)


The author wants to emphasize the commitment of Proserpina to remember her mother.

The author wants to make the situation seem unimportant.

This dialogue makes the reader pay close attention to the wording and be drawn into the drama.

This syntax gives the impression that Proserpina will easily give in to King Pluto's wishes.

Answers

A
The author wants to emphasize the commitment of Proserpina to remember her mother.
ANSWER A i think not sure

Type the verb phrase in this sentence
The next batter will probably hit the ball out of the park

Answers

Answer:

"will probably hit"

Explanation:

The verb phrase in the sentence is "will probably hit." It consists of the main verb "hit" along with the helping verbs "will" and "probably."

Read the following excerpt from the transcript of U.S. Supreme Court case, Sturgeon vs. Frost.

Justice Elena Kegan: Mr. Findley, can I as two quick clarifying questions just so I understand what’s at issue here?

Your argument applies to the navigable rivers generally; is that right? In other words to the navigable rivers running through federally owned land.

Mr. Findley: Yes, exactly.

Justice Sonia Sotomayor: You’re claiming that there’s no residual right to control navigable waters in the Federal lands area?

Use context clues or a dictionary to select the best definition for Justice Kagan’s and Justice Sotomayor’s use of navigable.

a deep and wide enough to provide passage to ships
b an ability to cross laterally
c a point of meeting
d ease and ability to crossed by persons or animals.

Answers

The answer is A


hope this helped

Other Questions
How often an allele occurs in the gene pool is _________ __________? Which halogen is a fatal poisonous gas, but is put in drinking water and swimming pools to prevent serious diseases? Which best describes the tyndall effect? the scattering of light by solutes in a mixture the scattering of light by solvent in a solution the scattering of light by solutes in a solution the scattering of light by particles in a mixt? Trica's mother let her play outside for 15 minutes. When she went outside,she played with her dog for 5 minutes.Then she rode her bike for 4 minutes .She spent the rest of her time catching bugs.how many minutes did Trica spent catching bugs? CAN SOMEONE HELP! please - Give brainliest to best PLEASEEEEE mark the statement if it accurately describes one of the steps taken to transform ParisA. Huge tunnels were built for sewer lines.B. New gas lights were installed.C. New aqueducts Brought Fresh water from Hundreds of Miles Away.D. All Of The Above. In which order do the necessary enzymes act to repair a thymine dimer by nucleotide excision repair?a) nuclease, dna polymerase, rna primaseb) helicase, dna polymerase, dna ligasec) dna ligase, nuclease, helicased) dna polymerase, rna polymerase, dna ligasee) nuclease, dna polymerase, dna liga? The subject of eugne delacroix's liberty leading the people is ________. What part of the cell theory relates to cell division and ferilization? Tanisha cut a triangle with angles of 34, 67, and 79 in three pieces so that each piece had one angle of the triangle. She arranged the three angles connected together such that the three corners of the triangle were all touching. What type of angle was formed and what does this show? Which term refers to "cultural information about how to use the material resources of the environment to satisfy human needs and desires"? two angles are supplementary. One of the angles has a measure of 60 degrees. What is the measure of the other angle? What was the end result of Reagan's tax cuts mixed with increased spending? The period of time imprinting occurs is the A. Fear period B. Training periodC. Sensitive periodD. Socialization period what is the energy (in eV units) carried by one photon violet light that has a wavelength of 4.5e-7? Keisha is investing her money in an IRA. Initially she will be putting in $775. Using C as the additional amount invested each month, translate this problem into an algebraic expression that will show how much Keisha invested for the entire year. The following from "An American Idea" is an example of which type of appeal? "The idea was there at the very beginning, well before Thomas Jefferson put it into wordsand the idea rang the callJefferson himself could not have imagined the reach of his call across the world in time to come when he wroteBut over the next two centuries the call would reach the potato patches of Ireland, the ghettoes of Europe, the paddyfields of China, stirring farmers to leave their lands and townsmen their trades and thus unsettling all traditional civilizations. Logical Emotional Moral Reasonable (i know its not logical) How would you classify the relationship between the butterfly fish and the coral polyps? Points of equal air pressure connected by weather map lines are called Describe the intracellular events that occur when a population of wild type ( lac+) escherichia coliis transferred from a medium with glucose as the sole nutrient source to a medium with lactose as the sole nutrient source.