Answer:
Explanation:
becase it is the way it is the why the have alot of babe when th4e sperm in a girl
Cattle sex cells (egg and sperm cells) have only 30 chromosomes because they are haploid cells, meaning they contain a single set of chromosomes. This is in contrast to the other cells in cattle, which are diploid and contain two sets of chromosomes, making a total of 60 chromosomes. The process by which haploid cells are formed is called meiosis, and it ensures that when an egg and a sperm fuse during fertilization, the resulting zygote will have the correct diploid number of chromosomes.
In cattle, as in many other organisms, there are two types of cells in terms of chromosome number: somatic cells and gametes (sex cells).
1. Somatic Cells: These are the cells that make up the body of the organism, such as skin cells, muscle cells, and nerve cells. In cattle, each somatic cell contains 60 chromosomes, which is the diploid number for this species. These chromosomes are organized into pairs, with one member of each pair coming from the mother and the other from the father.
2. Gametes (Sex Cells): These are the reproductive cells, specifically eggs in females and sperm in males. Unlike somatic cells, gametes are haploid, meaning they contain only one set of chromosomes. In cattle, this means that each gamete has 30 chromosomes. The process of meiosis is responsible for reducing the chromosome number by half.
- Meiosis: This is a specialized type of cell division that occurs only in the production of gametes. It involves two rounds of division:
1. In the first round, homologous chromosomes (one from each parent) pair up and exchange genetic material (crossing over), followed by the separation of these homologous pairs into two cells. This results in cells that are still diploid but have only one chromosome from each original pair.
2. In the second round, the sister chromatids (copies of each chromosome) are separated, resulting in four haploid cells, each with only one set of chromosomes.
3. Fertilization: When an egg and a sperm fuse, their haploid sets of chromosomes come together to form a diploid zygote with the full complement of 60 chromosomes. This restores the diploid number and ensures that the offspring receives genetic information from both parents.
In summary, cattle sex cells have only 30 chromosomes because they are the product of meiosis, which reduces the chromosome number by half to ensure that upon fertilization, the offspring will have the correct number of chromosomes characteristic of the species.
Under most conditions, the supply of energy by catabolic pathways is regulated by the demand for energy by anabolic pathways. Considering the role of ATP formation and hydrolysis in energy coupling of anabolic and catabolic pathways, which of the following statements is most likely to be true?
Answer:
High levels of ADP act as an allosteric activator of catabolic pathways
Explanation:
The correct statement is that high levels of ADP act as an allosteric activator of catabolic pathways.
Which statement is incorrect regarding the genetic diversity of livestock?
a. The use of only the most productive breeds improves genetic diversity.
b. Livestock come from very few species.
c. The genetic diversity of livestock has declined during the past century.
d. Different breeds are adapted to different climatic conditions.
e. Different breeds are adapted to different diseases.
Answer:
A. The use of only the most productive breeds improves genetic diversity.
A fraction of the original green frog population survives to reproduce and generate a new population. If the survivors of the original population survived by chance, then this event is an example of:_____
Answer:
A fraction of the original green frog population survives to reproduce and generate a new population. If the survivors of the original population survived by chance, then this event is an example of genetic drift.
Explanation:
Genetic drift is the change in allelle frequencies in a population due to chance events, more likely to occur in small populations.Frequency of traits changes in a population due to chance events (random change). Unlike natural selection, which favors beneficial traits, genetic drift is random and can cause an increase in traits that are beneficial, detrimental, or neutral.
Hence,A fraction of the original green frog population survives to reproduce and generate a new population. If the survivors of the original population survived by chance, then this event is an example of genetic drift.
Can a plant reproduce without another plant involved? Does the rock cycle have a beginning? What are two ways carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere?
Answer:
Yes, a plant can reproduce without another plant involved.
No, there is no beginning of rock cycle.
Two ways in which carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere are burning of fossil fuels such as petrol and coal etc and respiration process.
Explanation:
This type of reproduction occurs in non seed bearing plants such as ferns and mosses etc. These plants reproduce by the formation of spores. Spore formation is a type of asexual reproduction in which only one plant is involved. In cellular respiration, glucose molecule is broken down and energy is released with carbon dioxide gas. Fossil fuels are also responsible for the emission of carbon dioxide gas after burning in vehicles and industries.
Is the lumen of an artery, capillary or vein, large or small? Why?
Answer:
Arteries have thick walls composed of three distinct layers (tunica) Veins have thin walls but typically have wider lumen (lumen size may vary depending on specific artery or vein) Capillaries are very small and will not be easily detected under the same magnification as arteries and veins.
Explanation:
Final answer:
The size of the lumen varies among arteries, capillaries, and veins, designed according to their roles in the circulatory system. Arteries have smaller lumens to maintain blood pressure, while capillaries' tiny lumens facilitate exchange between blood and tissues, and veins have larger lumens for low-pressure return of blood to the heart.
Explanation:
The size of the lumen varies among arteries, capillaries, and veins based on their structure and function within the circulatory system. Arteries, being closer to the heart and receiving blood at a higher pressure, have thicker walls and consequently smaller lumens compared to veins. This smaller lumen helps maintain the pressure of blood flowing through the system. In contrast, veins have larger lumens and thinner walls, accommodating for the lower pressure of blood returning to the heart. Capillaries, the smallest and most numerous of the blood vessels, have the smallest lumens, with diameters just wide enough to allow single erythrocytes (red blood cells) to pass through. This size facilitates the exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.
Arterioles, a type of small artery leading into capillaries, are termed resistance vessels due to their small lumen sizes slowing down blood flow, hence playing a critical role in regulating blood pressure. Veins, with their larger lumens, serve as reservoirs that return blood to the heart under lower pressure. Overall, the variation in lumen size across these vessels is crucial for the efficient functioning of the circulatory system, each serving a unique purpose tailored to its role in blood circulation.
What is the atp yield for one mole of glucose oxidized by the pathway that uses the non-phosphorylating gapdh?
Answer:
Only 4 molecules of ATP are produced during non phosphorylation process.
Explanation:
Oxidative phosphorylation is a process which produces most of ATP that is produced during cellular respiration. Glycolysis produces 2 ATP molecules. Citric acid cycle produces 2 ATP molecules while during non-phosphorylation, only four ATP are produced which occurs in the absence of oxygen during anaerobic respiration.
This part of the peripheral nervous system controls smooth muscle
Answer: The autonomic nervous system controls smooth muscle of the viscera (internal organs) and glands. This picture shows the general organization of the autonomic nervous system. The preganglionic neuron is located in either the brain or the spinal cord. This preganglionic neuron projects to an autonomic ganglion.
Explanation: I found it on google luv x
A population of 15 birds inhabits a fairly new island. Ten of the birds are dark brown and five of them are light brown. By chance, two of the dark brown birds and three of the light brown birds die before producing any offspring. All of the birds in the next generation are dark brown. This change in phenotypic frequency can be attributed to _____. quilet
Answer:
Genetic drift
Explanation:
In the given question, out of ten dark-colored birds, 2 dies and out of five light-colored birds 3 dies. This produces only the dark-colored birds in the next generation but no light colored birds.
From this, we can observe that the gene pool of the small population has changed due to chance event or random event.
Since in the given situation, the small population of birds is taken into account in which the gene pool has changed due to a random event is known as the Genetic drift.
The genetic drift is the phenomenon which is associated with the shift or drift in the gene pool therefore is the answer.
The change in the bird population's phenotype, with all offspring being dark brown, can be attributed to genetic drift following the random death of light brown birds.
Genetic drift is an example of how allele frequencies in a small population can change drastically due to random events, which in this case is the death of the light brown birds before they could produce offspring. Because the light brown allele is lost due to chance, the remaining dark brown allele becomes fixed in the subsequent generation.
Genetic drift is particularly potent in small populations, where random events can have a large effect on the genetic makeup of future generations. This differs from directional selection, which occurs when environmental changes favor one phenotype over another, leading to a shift in allele frequencies based on those selective pressures, as was seen in the peppered moth example due to industrial pollution.
Mutations are always
a. Good
b. Bad
c. Neutral
d. Natural occurrences
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Mutations can be good, bad, or neutral so the answer must be d, that they occur naturally. In any given environment many mutations can occur, but the mutation's effect on an ecosystem or being can vary. Mutation happen to people, diseases, animals, and even plants.
Mutations can be either good, bad, or neutral, and are always naturally occurring. Good mutations provide an evolutionary advantage, bad ones can cause diseases, and neutral ones have no significant impact on the organism's survival.
Explanation:Mutations are often thought of in negative terms, but they can be good, bad, or neutral. They are also unquestionably natural occurrences. For example, certain mutations may offer an evolutionary advantage, thus fitting into the 'good' category. Other mutations can lead to life-threatening diseases, classifying them as 'bad'. Many mutations are 'neutral', meaning they do not significantly impact the organism's survival. Regardless of their effects, they are natural processes occurring at the genetic level.
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some one please help!! I am looking for a good short definition if possible:) What is a front?
Answer:
The boundary between two air masses that have different temperatures or humidity. In the mid-latitude areas of the Earth, where warm tropical air meets cooler polar air, the systems of fronts define the weather and often cause precipitation to form.
Explanation:
Scientific definition for front
Answer:
A weather front is a boundary separating two masses of air of different densities
Explanation:
____is the term applied when one gene interferes with the expression of another
Answer:
Epistasis
Explanation:
Sorry it its wrong
Explain what is likely to happen if a solution of pond water becomes too acidic or too basic.
Answer:
it kills fishes due to the lack of oxygen
and promotes the growth of algae
Explanation:
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Final answer:
When pond water is too acidic or too basic, it harms aquatic life, disrupts ecosystems, and can cause human discomfort. Acidic environments affect reproductive cycles and dissolve calcium carbonate structures, while basic environments can irritate skin and eyes. pH balance is crucial for healthy aquatic systems.
Explanation:
If a solution of pond water becomes too acidic or too basic, it can have detrimental effects on the ecosystem. Acidic water, with a pH less than 7, can disrupt the reproduction of aquatic animals and lead to the dissolution of calcium carbonate structures such as those in clams, snails, and corals. Ecosystems suffer from decreased populations of sensitive species and potential food chain disruptions. Moreover, acid deposition from rain can introduce toxins, affecting fish and insect populations. On the other hand, water that is too basic, with a pH greater than 7, can also pose problems for aquatic life and irritate human skin and eyes, as is sometimes noticed after swimming in a pool with improper pH levels.
Additionally, significant shifts in water pH can result in eutrophication and algal blooms, which deplete oxygen in the water and can lead to large fish kills. Overall, maintaining a balanced pH level is crucial for the health of aquatic ecosystems and the organisms living within them. Learning about the impact of pH on water quality underscores the importance of monitoring and managing water resources to protect these environments.
Which fraction represents 25% of the offspring in a genetic cross?
Ο 1/4
Ο 3/4
Ο 1/2
Ο 4/2
Answer:
1/4
Explanation:
1/4 (one fourth) is the same as 25%.
Example:
if you have four quarters, you have one US dollar. If you spend 75 cents, then you have 25 cents left. That 25 cents is 25% of 1 dollar
The fraction representing 25% of the offspring in a genetic cross is ¼. Hence, the first option is the correct option. The genetic crossing takes place between two parents.
What is genetic cross?
A genetic cross takes place between two parents. Each parent produces the gametes. These gametes make up the genes for the offspring. An example is a cross between two heterozygous tall plants.
The tall character is represented by T. The dwarf character is represented by t. T is dominant over small t. A homozygous tall plant is represented by TT. A heterozygous tall plant is represented by Tt. A dwarf plant is represented by tt
After the crossing of heterozygous Tt plants, ¼ TT ,½ Tt ,¼ tt plants are observed. Hence, 50% of plants are heterozygous tall ( Tt) ,25% of plants homozygous tall ( TT) , and 25% plants are homozygous dwarf ( tt) . The genetic cross is explained in the image.
Hence, the correct answer is ¼ represents 25% of the offspring in a genetic cross. First option is the correct answer.
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After an rna molecule is transcribed from a eukaryotic gene. True or False
Answer:
After an RNA molecule is transcribed from a eukaryotic gene. True
Explanation:
In a cell, the flow of information goes from DNA to RNA to protein. After an RNA molecule is transcribed from a eukaryotic gene, portions called introns are removed and the remaining exons are spliced together to produce an mRNA molecule with a continuous coding sequence. In a eukaryotic cell, translation occurs in the cytoplasm. A ribozyme, for example, is a biological catalyst made of RNA.
In order to be classified in the same species, a group of organisms must be able to A. interbreed and produce fertile offspring. B. live in a common area. C. eat similar foods and possess a similar diet. D. express the exact same genes and phenotypic traits.
Answer:
In order to be classified in the same species, a group of organisms must be able to A. interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Explanation:
A group of organisms living in a common area is not enough to be classified in the same species. Eating similiar foods and possessing a similar diet either. Biologocial concepts distinguishes two species based on the degree of genetic exchange between their gene pools. In order to be classified in the same species, a group of organisms must be able to interbreed and produce fertile offspring. Two very closely related species that have diverged from each other quite recently shared a common ancestor recently in evolutionary time. They will persist only as distinct biological species if they have reproductive isolation from one another.
Answer: interbreed and produce fertile offspring
Explanation: Because it make's sens is common knowledge :-)
This type of organism can be anywhere from the size of my fist to 3 times as large as I am. They can walk or run. They have either 2 or 4 legs and have to hunt for their food. I observed its cells under the microscope. Each of the cells had a very large, darkened circle inside of it as well as other small structures that had lines around them.
Answer:
Belongs to Animalia kingdom
Explanation:
In the given question, the options are not provided but it can be assumed that the examiner is asking about the kingdom of the organism which shows these traits.
The provided characteristics are:
1. size- from a fist to 3 times larger than humans
2. can run or walk- that is they show movement
3. walk with- 2 to 4 legs
4. hunt food- are mostly heterotrophic
5. cell has a dark circle- nucleus
6. small structures around the nucleus- organelles
These characteristics are shown by the organism belonging to the Animalia kingdom.
Thus, the Animalia kingdom is the correct answer.
Match each leaf modification to its corresponding purpose.
Answer:
here is the answer
Explanation:
A survey reveals that 25 percent of a population of 1,000 individuals have attached earlobes (are homozygous recessive for the trait). For the following questions, assume that the population fits the parameters of the Hardy-Weinburg law.
If p equals the frequency of the dominant allele and q equals the frequency of the recessive allele, which of the following terms represents the frequency of the individuals who show the dominant phenotype?
a. pxp
b. qxq
c. 2pq
d. pxp +2pq
e. pxp + qxq
Answer:
d. pxp +2pq
Explanation:
The formula for genotype frequency for a population in Hardy-Weinburg equilibrium is as under:
p² + 2pq + q² = 1
where, p = dominant allele
q = recessive allele
Here,
p² represents frequency of homozygous dominant genotype
2pq represents frequency of heterozygous genotype
q² represents frequency of homozygous recessive genotype
Also, although the genotypes p² & 2pq are different from each other yet phenotypically they both will collectively produce dominant trait i.e. free ear lobes not attached earlobes. So the term "p² + 2pq or pxp + 2pq" represents the frequency of the individuals who show the dominant phenotype in this particular population. Dominant phenotype will comprise 75% of the population.
Instinct theories of aggression would have the most difficulty accounting for 1.biochemical influences on aggression. 2.silent and social aggression in animals.3.unprovoked outbursts of aggression. 4.wide variations of aggressiveness from culture to culture.
Answer:
4.wide variations of aggressiveness from culture to culture.
Explanation:
According to instinct theory of aggression, aggression is an innate trait and people are born with varying levels of it. It is a result of biological drive for protecting ourselves from danger and is instinctual.
Instinct theory focuses more on the innate property of aggression thus it has most difficulty in explaining the effect of culture and environment on it. People in different cultures show different levels of aggression which can not be explained just on biochemical or genetic terms. Even two identical twins born and brought up in different culture might exhibit different levels of aggression.
Final answer:
Instinct theories of aggression struggle most with explaining the wide variations of aggressiveness from culture to culture, as these theories often overlook the profound impact of cultural and environmental factors on aggressive behavior.
Explanation:
The instinct theories of aggression would have the most difficulty accounting for wide variations of aggressiveness from culture to culture. Instinct theories often suggest aggression is a natural and inherent response, potentially overlooking the significant impact of cultural, social, and environmental factors. For example, while some cultures may value aggression and view it as a sign of strength or leadership, others may encourage peaceful resolution and cooperation, leading to lower levels of aggression. This cultural variability challenges the universality proposed by instinct theories. Additionally, the role of cultural norms, education, and societal expectations in shaping aggressive behavior indicates that aggression is not solely the product of innate tendencies but is significantly influenced by learned behaviors and cultural context.
In humans, babies that are born too small often lack the reserves to thrive, and babies that are too large are prone to difficult births.
Since babies at the extremes are less likely to survive, evolutionary pressures favor moderately-sized babies.
What type of selection is this an example of?
A. Artificial Selection
B. Directional Selection
C. Stabilizing Selection
D. Disruptive Selection
Explanation:
Stabilizing selection is a type of natural selection which favors intermediate genotype but eliminate extreme genotypes (inferior and superior)
Stabilizing selection is not a common phenomenon in the history of evolution of earth, so it is not a main reason of species diversity on earth
In the given example of humans, babies that are born too small lack the reserve to thrive (inferior genotype) and babies that are too large are prone to difficult births (superior genotype) whereas moderately-sized babies are favored (intermediate genotype) so this clearly reflects stabilizing selection
Jacob and Monod were intellectually primed to draw the conclusions they did concerning regulation of the lac operon. In part, this was due to their fascination with mechanisms of enzyme regulation. They knew that the activity of some enzymes is regulated when their reaction product binds to the enzyme, changing its shape and therefore its activity. This knowledge allowed them to easily make the intellectual leap to propose _____.A) the existence of the CAP binding siteB) allosteric regulation of the repressorC) positive regulation of the lac operonD) the existence of the operatorE) co-transcribed and co-regulated genes of bacterial operons
Answer:
Jacob and Monod were intellectually primed to draw the conclusions they did concerning regulation of the lac operon. In part, this was due to their fascination with mechanisms of enzyme regulation. They knew that the activity of some enzymes is regulated when their reaction product binds to the enzyme, changing its shape and therefore its activity. This knowledge allowed them to easily make the intellectual leap to propose B) allosteric regulation of the repressor
Explanation:
When we talk about the mechanisms of enzyme regulation, we refer to allosteric regulation of the repressor. The Allosteric control of transcriptional regulatory proteins allows organisms to react to changes in environmental and metabolic conditions. Also, it is s a thermodynamic phenomenon. When it binds one molecule, the affinity with which a protein binds to a second molecule is altered.
Transcription:
1. Transcription is the copying of a
(section of DNA).
Transcription is the biological process of copying DNA into RNA, where an enzyme called RNA polymerase synthesizes a complementary RNA strand from a DNA template.
Transcription is a fundamental biological process where genetic information encoded by DNA is transferred to RNA. In this process, known as DNA-dependent RNA synthesis, RNA polymerase creates a complementary RNA sequence from a template strand of DNA. Only one of the two strands of DNA is used during transcription, which is divided into three main stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. The RNA that is synthesized may carry the genetic information out of the nucleus to facilitate protein synthesis during a process called translation.
During transcription, uracil is substituted for thymine when RNA nucleotides pair with the DNA template strand. This is because RNA uses uracil instead of thymine, which is found in DNA. The outcome is a primary transcript of RNA that serves as the coding sequence for protein construction at the ribosome.
The independent variable in this experiment was and the dependent variable was
Answer:
the independent variable is the experiment was MOLECULE SIZE, and the dependent variable was ABILITY TO DIFFUSE.
Explanation:
Question 1 (1 point)
The diagram shows a bean plant growing in soil.
Which labels best complete the diagram?
Answer:
X: Positive gravitropism
Y: Negative gravitropism
Explanation:
i just did the quiz and got it correct
Answer: my boy syeddit is
How do the levels of thermal energy and speed differ between low- and high-friction surfaces?
Answer:
high friction surfaces have more movement which creates more heat on the surface, which means that there will be more thermal energy on a high-friction surface than on a low-friction surface.
Explanation:
Angiotensin II is a potent ____________ that helps regulate blood pressure. Angiotensinogen, is an inactive hormone synthesized and released continuously from the ____________ . Its activation, which occurs within the ____________ , is initiated by the enzyme renin. Renin is released from the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the ____________ in response to either (1) ____________ blood pressure (as detected by decreased stretch of ____________ within granular cells, or by decreased NaCl detected by ____________ within macula densa cells); or (2) stimulation by the ____________ division. The sequential action of renin and angiote
Answer:
Angiotensin II is a potein VASOCONSTRICTOR that helps regulate blood pressure. Angiotensinogen, is an inactive hormone synthesized and released continuously from the LIVER. Its activation, which occurs within the BLOOD, is initiated by the enzyme renin. Renin is released from the juxtaglomerular apparatus of the KIDNEYS in response to either (1) LOW blood pressure (as detected by decreased stretch of BARORECEPTORS within granular cells, or by decreased NaCl detected by CHEMORECEPTORS within macula densa cells); or (2) stimulation by the SYMPATHETIC division. The sequential action of renin and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) causes the formation of angiotensin II (the active form of the hormone).
Explanation:
Angiotensin is a peptide hormones that regulate blood pressure by causing increase in blood pressure through vasoconstriction. It is a part of the renin- angiotensin system that regulate the internal pressure of the blood. It is stimulated when the level of blood pressure reduces or there is an decrease in the sodium chloride in the blood. It effects is to vasoconstrict the blood vessels thereby increasing the blood pressure in the vessels. Angiotensinogen is the inactive hormone synthesized by the liver and upon activation through baroreceptors or chemoreceptors, the liver releases angiotensinogen into the blood stream to be ctivated by the enzyme secreted from the kidney's juxtaglumerular apparatusand then activated to teh angiotensinogen I, angiotensinoI is then activated into angiotensin II by the angiotensin II by the angiotensin converting enzyme. Angiotensin also causes the increase in the aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex to promote the retention of sodium by the kidneys, this also helps to increaee the blood pressure. Various receptors helps in signalling the body to a reduced blood pressure level. This includes the baroreceptors which are pressure receptors and detect changes in pressure of the blood; chemorecptors which are chemical receptors that detect the change in the concentration of sodium and chloride ion in the blood. All this function together with the sympathetic division of the CNS to help the body regulates its change in blood pressure in a given time.
What is another common use of the food produced by plants?
Answer:
Food that produced by plants is common to be used for making products.
Final answer:
Plants are used for medicinal purposes, such as quinine for malaria, and for producing alcoholic beverages through fermentation. They also provide raw materials for industries and have cultural significance.
Explanation:
Aside from being a staple in our diet, plants serve a multitude of purposes in human life. One common use of the food produced by plants is for medicinal purposes. For instance, quinine, which is extracted from cinchona trees, has been used to treat conditions like malaria and to reduce fever and alleviate pain. Additionally, fermentation of plant sugars and starches is a traditional method used to create various alcoholic beverages, such as wine and beer. Moreover, plants are also vital for providing raw materials like timber, fibers, and oils for various industries, and for cultural and ceremonial uses in many societies.
Eukaryotic chromosomes:______
a. may occur as chromatin.
b. contain histones responsible for packaging DNA to fit into a small space.
c. consist of both DNA and protein.
d. all of the choices are correct.
e. only A and B are correct.
Answer:
I think it is: C
Consist of both DNA and Protein
Explanation:
The reason why i say C is because Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of a DNA-protein complex that is organized in a compact manner which permits the large amount of DNA to be stored in the nucleus of the cell. The subunit designation of the chromosome is chromatin. The fundamental unit of chromatin is the nucleosome.
Eukaryotic chromosomes can occur as chromatin, contain histones for DNA packaging, and consist of both DNA and protein; therefore, all the choices are correct.
Eukaryotic chromosomes fulfill all of the listed characteristics, thus all of the choices are correct. They may occur as chromatin, which is DNA wrapped around histone proteins, creating a structure conducive to both the condensation necessary for cell division and the accessibility required for gene expression. Eukaryotic chromosomes contain histones that are responsible for packaging DNA into a small space, a necessity given the large amount of genetic material within each cell. Additionally, they consist of both DNA and protein, including the histone proteins that are vital for the structural organization of the chromosome.
The trait of medium-sized leaves in iris is determined by the genetic condition PP′. Plants with large leaves are PP, whereas plants with small leaves are P′P′. A cross is made between two plants each with medium-sized leaves. If they produce 80 seedlings, what would be the expected phenotypes, and in what numbers would they be expected?
Answer:
20 large size leaves plants
40 medium sized leaves plants
20 small sized leaves.
Explanation:
PP = large leaves
P'P' = small leaves
PP' = medium leaves
PP' was crossed with another PP' plant:
PP' x PP'
progeny = PP, 2PP', and P'P'
PP = 1/4 x 80 = 20 large size leaves plants
PP' = 1/2 x 80 = 40 medium sized leaves plants
P'P' = 1/4 x 80 = 20 small sized leaves.
Hence the phenotypes would be:
20 large size leaves plants
40 medium sized leaves plants
20 small sized leaves.
In a cross between two iris plants both with medium-sized leaves, the expected phenotypes of the 80 seedlings would be approximately: 20 with large leaves, 40 with medium leaves, and 20 with small leaves.
Explanation:This question revolves around the principles of Mendelian genetics and Punnett square analysis. When two plants with medium-sized leaves (genotype PP') are crossed, a Punnett square reveals that the possible genotypes of the offspring can be PP, PP', or P'P'. The genotypic ratio will be 1:2:1, respectively, meaning for every four offspring, one is expected to be PP (large leaves), two are expected to be PP' (medium leaves), and one is expected to be P'P' (small leaves). If 80 seedlings are produced, applying the genotypic ratio we can expect about 20 seedlings to have large leaves (PP), 40 to have medium leaves (PP'), and 20 to have small leaves (P'P').
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Researchers studied mice embryos to determine whether the cells of the ear bones originated from the same embryonic cells as the cells that form the jaw in other vertebrates. Why would the researchers use mice instead of opossums or humans? Do the results from mice tell you something about your own ears? Why or why not?
The researchers will use mice instead of opossums or humans to determine whether the cells of the ear bones originated from the same embryonic cells as the cells that form the jaw in other vertebrates because in this type of experiment, organisms that are ideal are the ones that have a short life span, easy to be researched on and easy to mantain.
It will be very tedious and demanding to use opossums and humans in this type of practical experiment because,it is against the culture and norms guilding human living and existence to use humans as model organisms,opossums as well are very bad model organisms because unlike the mice,opossums are long lived and it will be very difficult to raise and maintain an opossum in a laboratory.
Humans and mice are both mammals just that human is a higher mammal but they share similar features in terms of pattern of development,though there is a clear difference during their early development,so because of the common ancestry shared by the mice and humans,the result of the experiment on the mice with share a close similarity with the pattern that is expected in humans.