Answer:
Firstly they are too big to pass through the natural pores of the cell membrane the way water molecules do through aquaporins. Secondly, they would not pass through the hydrophobic layer of the cell membrane because the sodium ions are charged. This is because the hydrophobic layer does not interact positively with charged molecules/ions. Additionally, because sodium ions would be traveling up the concentration gradient into the cell, there is need for active transport. The channels proteins are able to harness energy from ATP to actively transport the sodium ions into the cell.
Final answer:
Sodium ions require sodium channels to enter or exit cells because they can't diffuse through the hydrophobic cell membrane due to their charge. Sodium channels facilitate the movement of Na+ ions without the cell using energy; this is important for nerve signals, muscle contraction, and ion balance.
Explanation:
Sodium ions (Na+) require special structures known as sodium channels to move into and out of cells. These channels are necessary because sodium ions are charged particles and cannot diffuse through the hydrophobic (nonpolar) interior of the cell membrane. The lipid bilayer of the membrane acts as a barrier to charged substances, which means that ions like sodium cannot cross it without help.
Sodium channels are protein complexes that span the membrane, creating a pathway that allows Na+ ions to move down their concentration gradient, facilitated by the structure of the channel without the cell expending energy, a process known as facilitated diffusion. This movement is crucial for various cellular functions, including the generation of electrical signals in nerve cells, muscle contraction, and maintaining the overall ion balance within the cell.
The sodium-potassium ATPase is another crucial membrane protein that uses energy to move potassium ions (K+) into the cell while pumping sodium ions (Na+) out, creating an electrochemical gradient. Potassium channels, which are open most of the time, allow K+ to diffuse out of the cell to maintain the gradient. The difference in ion concentration on either side of the membrane is essential for many cell functions.
What would most likely happen in the ecosystem if the water became polluted by unhealthy chemicals?
Answer:
Most life would cease to exist
Explanation:
Answer:
The fish in the water would die and the fish that we fish for would make use sick ,ect....
Induced pluripotent stem cells are cells for adults that of been reprogrammed to imitate embryonic stem cells. why might induced pluripotent stem cells be a valuable tool in science and medicine?
First, by their nature, pluripotent stem cells can potentially be used to create any cell or tissue the body might need to counter a wide range of diseases, from diabetes to spinal cord injury, to childhood leukemia, to heart disease.
Second, pluripotent stem cells can potentially be customized to provide a perfect genetic match for any patient. This means that patients could receive transplants of tissue and cells without tissue matching and tissue rejection problems, and without the need to take powerful immune-suppressing drugs for the rest of their lives. Although this vision hasn’t yet been achieved, researchers at Boston Children’s Hospital have successfully treated mouse models of human disease using this strategy and hope that the same can be done with patients.
Third, pluripotent stem cells make excellent laboratory models for studying how a disease unfolds, which helps scientists pinpoint and track the very earliest disease-causing events in cells. Immune deficiencies, Type 1 diabetes, muscular dystrophy, and myriad other disorders are rooted in fetal development. In the lab, researchers can recapture these early originsobserving where the first muscle cell comes from, or the first blood cell, and how this differs when the patient has a genetic disease. Using this information, doctors may be able to intervene and correct the genetic defect before the disease advances.
Each type of pluripotent stem cell has different characteristics that make it useful in different ways, and each has different lessons to teach.
Induced pluripotent cells offer a unique chance to model human disease and are already being used to make new discoveries about premature aging, congenital heart disease, cancer, and more. Because they’re made from a person’s own cells, they can potentially be manipulated to fix the disease-causing defect and then used to create healthy cells for transplant that won’t be rejected by the immune system. Many people also see cells as a positive alternative to pluripotent stem cells from embryos or eggs.
Embryonic stem cells are the gold standard for the biological concept of pluripotency. Scientists are working with ES cells to learn more about what endows a cell with pluripotency and to discover safer, better ways to created cells. Each type of cell is important for different reasons:
cells made from donated early embryos are irreplaceable tools for understanding the earliest stages of human development and how specific tissues form. Because they’re not customized to individual patients, their value is mainly in research.
cells made through nuclear transfer, like cells, offer the opportunity to create customized, rejection-proof cells and tissues for transplantation. ntES cells are thought to be the most genetically pristine source for creating genetically-matched cells, so may provide a faster and safer route to the clinic.
ES cells made through parthenogenesis (pES cells) also offer the opportunity to create customized, rejection-proof cells. Though less genetically pristine than ntES cells, they are less technically cumbersome to produce. Through genetic typing, they could potentially be banked to create a selection of off-the-shelf cell-based treatments.
hope this helps got it from a text book
Answer:
Any human cell can be developed by using Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
Explanation:
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells referred to as iPSC are essential for both science and medicine because any kind of human cells can be developed from these Pluripotent Stem Cells. These developed cell can be used for research work, therapeutic purposes and in medication industry as well.
Some of the common diseases that can be treated by using these Pluripotent Stem Cells are -
diabetes,
Blood cancer
leukemia
neurological disorders etc
What happens when a substance undergoes a physical change
Answer:
HERES ALL THE TEST ANSWERS
Explanation:
Physical Properties
1-What happens when a substance undergoes a physical change?
answer-Some physical properties change, but the substance keeps its identity.
2-What is an example of a physical change?
answer-ice forming and then melting back into water
3-When liquid gold becomes a solid, its particles get closer together. Which best describes what happened to the gold?
answer-the rearrangement of particles in a physical change
4-Eugene describes the physical property of a material as “sweet and floral.” What physical property of the material is Eugene most likely observing?
answer-odor
5-Which can occur during physical change?
answer-The particles can arrange in different ways.
6-If there is 8 g of a substance before a physical change, how much will there be afterwards?
answer- 8 grams
7-Which statement about the physical change of liquid water boiling into steam is true?
answer-the heat added represents an energy change
8-Fifteen grams of a liquid plastic are frozen in a physical change that increases the volume. What can be known about the plastic after the change?
answer- it will still weigh 15 grams
9-Which statement best compares and contrasts two physical properties of matter?
answer-Boiling points and melting points are similar because they both involve the change in a state of a material, but they are different because boiling point involves a change from a liquid to a gas and melting point involves a change from a solid to a liquid.
10-Serena is mixing a material into a beaker filled with a liquid. She notices that the material seems to disappear into the liquid. What physical property of the material is Serena most likely observing?
answer-solubility
When a substance undergoes a physical change, its chemical composition remains the same, and there is no formation of new substances.
A physical change is a process in which the physical properties of a substance are altered, but its chemical composition remains unchanged. In other words, the substance does not undergo a chemical reaction, and no new substances are formed. Instead, the changes observed are related to the state of matter or the physical properties of the substance.
Examples of physical changes include changes in state (such as melting, freezing, boiling, or condensing), changes in shape or size (like cutting, crushing, or bending), and changes in appearance (such as dissolving, mixing, or separating). These changes are usually reversible, and the substance can often be restored to its original state by reversing the process.
One characteristic of physical changes is that they do not involve the breaking or forming of chemical bonds between atoms or molecules. The individual particles of the substance (atoms, ions, or molecules) remain the same before and after the change. For example, when ice melts into liquid water, the water molecules remain H₂O molecules throughout the process.
In contrast, chemical changes (also known as chemical reactions) involve the rearrangement of atoms and the formation of new substances with different chemical properties. In a chemical change, the original substances are consumed, and entirely new substances are produced.
Understanding the difference between physical changes and chemical changes is essential in various scientific fields, including chemistry and materials science. It helps scientists distinguish between alterations in the physical appearance of a substance and fundamental changes in its chemical nature.
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The complete question is:
What happens when a substance undergoes a physical change?
Which factors are used to differentiate climate regions? Check all that apply. rainfall plant life animal life temperature wind
Answer:
rainfall
temperature
Explanation:
To differentiate climate regions, factors such as rainfall, temperature, wind, along with plant and animal life should be considered. Abiotic factors, including elevation, latitude, and wind systems, significantly influence the climate, which in turn affects the distribution of biomes. Variation in these elements results in diverse climates across different geographic areas.
Explanation:Factors used to differentiate climate regions include rainfall, temperature, wind, as well as plant life and animal life. These are crucial elements that define the weather patterns and overall climate of a region. Climate is the statistical summary of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind, rainfall, and other meteorological measurements in a given region over long periods. Climate factors like rainfall, temperature, and wind are abiotic factors that significantly influence the distribution of biomes in various regions.
Different abiotic factors, especially temperature and precipitation, account for the variations in climate across various biomes. Factors such as elevation, latitude, wind systems, ocean currents, the position on a continent, and mountain barriers also play pivotal roles in influencing a region's climate. For example, high elevations typically have cooler temperatures and wind systems can bring about various weather patterns, leading to different climates in adjacent regions.
Which of the following do a frog, worm, and pine tree have in common? A. They are all eukaryotic organisms that have nuclei in their cells. B They are all prokaryotic organisms that have free DNA in their cells. C They are all autotrophic organisms and make their own food. D They are all heterotrophic organisms that use organic carbon for growth.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
All the organisms listed are considered higher organisms because they are made of eukaryotic cells. The major difference between a eukaryotic cell and a prokaryotic cell is that the former has a nuclear membrane that surrouds the nucleus of the cell. Eukaryotic cell's organelles are also membrane-bound unlike in prokaryotes. Of the three (3) only pine tree is an autotroph while the other two are heterotrophs.
Brian's aunt has cats. When Brian recently visited her, he started sneezing badly and believes that it was because he is allergic to cats. What would be the next step for Brian to form a hypothesis?
Brian should conduct an experiment to test his hypothesis.
Explanation:The next step for Brian to form a hypothesis would be to conduct an experiment. For example, he could visit another friend who has cats and see if he starts sneezing again. If he does, it would support his hypothesis that he is allergic to cats. If he doesn't sneeze, it would disprove the hypothesis.
12
Which is not a product of photosynthesis?
nitrogen
glucose
water
oxygen
Answer: Nitrogen
Explanation: Through photosynthesis, plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Nitrogen is not a product.
What city is located at 17 degrees south, 36 degrees east?
Surfer's Town
White's Beach
Rock City
Red Bank
Answer: Red bank
Explanation:
Red bank is the city that are located at the 17 degree south and 36 degree towards east. The red bank is one of the city that get its unique name by the red soil of nave-sink river in the eighteen century. The red bank city are founded by the new jersey legislative and was for all time set off from the Shrews-bury Township.
Now, the red bank city become famous for the arts and the entertainment with the 2 main professional theaters, various restaurants. The many financial and investment companies providing various jobs, business and homes ti red bank city.
In a controlled experiment what ter m is used to describe the many factors that might be different between the experiment and control group
control group, variables, independent variables, the term can change based on if you are talking about in terms of the experiment or in terms of the control group
Answer:
Variable is a term which is used to describe the many factors that might be difference between the experiment and the control group.
Explanation:
A factor is termed as variable when a value of a thing keeps on changing continuously prospect of time throughout the experiment. It is the opposite of constant factor. Variables are very important for determination of result of a experiment because the value which is needs to be changed should be done very carefully as it could alter the result of the experiment. It is the duty of observer to keep up a continuous eye on the factor.
10 POINTS
A scientific theory must stand up to all scientific testing.
True
Or
False
Answer: false
Explanation: the reason is a scientific theory is not proven. Like the big bang is a scientific theory.
True, a scientific theory must stand up to all scientific testing.
A scientific theory must be consistently testable and stand up to all scientific testing, demonstrating its falsifiability. The self-correcting nature of science allows for the evolution of hypotheses into reliable theories, and consensus or frontier science is determined by the acceptance of ideas within the scientific community.
This any naturally occurring substance that is considered valuable on earth
Examples air,water,rocks,and minerals
What is the term
Answer:
Natural Resource
Explanation:
Answer:
Natural Resource
Explanation:
Natural resources are the elements of nature used by societies for the development of economic activities, mainly for the production of raw materials used in the manufacture of the most diverse products or for the generation of energy, among countless other importance. Thus, we have as an example of natural resources forests, soil, water, minerals, winds, sunlight and countless other cases.
In summary, we can say that natural resources are any natural substance considered valuable on Earth
What type of transport does not require energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane?
A)active
B)bilayer
C)passive
D)concentration gradient
Answer:
Passive transport is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane and does not require energy
Explanation:
The type of transport that does not require energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane is known as Passive transport. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.
What is Passive transport?Passive transport may be dfeined as a type of transport that significantly takes place across the plasma membrane. This type of transport does not require any external energy in form of ATP.
This type of transport generally involves the movement of a solute from a region of high electrochemical potential on one side of the cell membrane to a region of lower electrochemical potential on the opposite side.
Passive transport typically depends on the second law of thermodynamics to drive the movement of substances across cell membranes.
Therefore, the type of transport that does not require energy to move molecules across the plasma membrane is known as Passive transport. Thus, the correct option for this question is C.
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Why does melting take place beneath the axis of a mid ocean ridge? (Help!)
Answer: As the mantle starts to ascend beneath the mid-ocean ridge, very little rock lies on the surface of it. So in replacement, large pressure changes take place, as it is then lead to melting. The melt is much less dense than solid. Which also rises along the surface which is where it will play it's big part in forming the oceanic crust.
I hope that this helps you!
In what type of mine would a rock burst most likely happen?
an above-ground biomining site using mine waste
a large longwall mine
an open-pit mine with a large tailing pond
a strip mine near a water supply
Answer:
A large longwall mine.
Explanation:
A rock burst is a dangerous hazard in which a violent fracture takes place in the rocks. A rock burst sounds like an explosion. It occurs spontaneously in deep mines and overburdened tunnels. The rock burst depends on the size of the excavation and the depth of the excavation or mining operation.
In longwall mining, a rock bust is more likely to happen because it is an underground method of coal excavation from tabular deposits.
A large longwall mine is most likely to experience a rock burst due to the mining method and stress on the surrounding rock mass.
Explanation:A rock burst is a sudden and violent failure of a rock mass in a mine, resulting in the release of a significant amount of energy. It usually occurs in deep underground mines. Among the options given, a large longwall mine is most likely to experience rock bursts.
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Help I’m not sure if this is right
Answer:
B. Inconsistencies in the data call for further investigation
Answer:
Explanation:
2-3
Describe two different methods that can be used to assist in solving crimes and missing-person cases. Explain the benefits of each.
Answer:
Explanation:
The DNA fingerprinting technique and development and comparison of physical fingerprints can be the methods used for the purpose of solving crimes and identification of missing person.
The DNA fingerprinting can be done from the physical evidences such as blood, sweat, hair, tissues, teeth and other material obtain at crime scene. These can be compared with the suspects, victim and missing persons so as to establish their identity.
The physical fingerprints can be developed on the scene of crime and compared with the requested specimen from suspect, victim and the missing person or in case of impersonation to establish the desired identity.
This is about methods of getting evidence from a crime scene.
The 2 major methods and their benefits are explained below.
There are two major methods used and they are;DNA Fingerprinting Technique
Physical Fingerprinting
1) The DNA fingerprinting is carried out by the use of human physical evidences gotten at the crime scene such as hair, blood, sweat, teeth e.t.c. What this method does is to carry out genetic tests on these things to find out if they can be compared with that of the person or persons they are seeking to identify in relation with the crime scene.
The main benefit of this method is that it can be used to create genetic profiles for suspected offenders as well as storing these results indefinitely to aid in future investigations.
2) The physical fingerprinting is used to link one crime scene of someone to another one crime scene of same person. This is good because no two persons can have the same fingerprint.
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What level of organization that is a group of tissues working together?
Answer:
Organs
Explanation:
Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function. An organ is a structure that is composed of at least two or more tissue types and performs a specific set of functions for the body. Many organs working together to accomplish a common purpose is called an organ system.
Which of these is the study of interactions among organisms and their environment including its living and nonliving parts?
A ecology
B economics
C geology
D sociology
Ecology is the study of interactions among organisms and their environment including its living and nonliving parts.
Answer: A. Ecology
Explanation:
Ecology is the investigation of how living beings associate with each other and with their physical condition. The conveyance and bounty of living beings on Earth is moulded by both biotic, living-life form related, and abiotic, nonliving or physical, factors.
Ecology is learned at numerous levels, including creature, populace, network, biological system, and biosphere. Water accessibility is a case of an abiotic, or nonliving, factor that can influence dispersion of creatures.
Accessibility of supplements given by different life forms is a case of a biotic, living-creature related, factor that can impact appropriation.
Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with each other and their environment, inclusive of both living and nonliving components. Other subjects like economics, geology, and sociology might touch on interactions, but not specifically within biological ecosystems.
Explanation:The study of interactions among organisms and their environment, which includes both living and nonliving components is known as ecology. This field examines how individual organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems interact with one another and their environment. It's important to note that while economics, geology, and sociology may involve some study of how entities interact, these are not primarily focused on interactions within the natural environment or among organisms, making ecology the most suitable answer to your question.
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Are atoms positive, negative, or neutral in charge? Explain.
Atoms are neutral in charge because the number of protons (positive) equals the number of electrons (negative), balancing each other out. However, the neutrality can change if an atom gains or loses electrons, turning into an ion.
Explanation:Atoms are neutral in charge. Each atom consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons carry a positive charge and electrons carry a negative charge, while neutrons are neutral and have no charge. An atom is neutral because the number of protons (positive charges) is equal to the number of electrons (negative charges), balancing each other out. The neutrality of an atom can change, if it gains or loses electrons, becoming an ion. But overall, an isolated atom is neutral in charge.
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What did scientists study to develop the geologic time scale?
Answer:
Why do geologists use the geologic time scale?
Because of the time span of Earth's past is so great, geologist use geologic time scale to show Earth's history.
What is the geologic time scale?
The geologic time scale is a record of the geologic events and the evolution of life forms as shown in the fossil record.
How do scientists develop the geologic time scale?
Scientists first developed the geologic time scale by studying rock layers and index fossils worldwide. With this information,scientists placed Earth's rocks in order by relative age. Later, radioactive dating helped determine the absolute age of the divisions in the geologic time scale.
What do the divisions of geologic time scale depend on?
The divisions of the geologic time scale depend on events in the history of life on Earth.
Hope these help, :)
Answer:
fossils
Explanation:
they used rocks which are fossils
Which of the following are affected by the order of amino acids in a protein? Select all that apply.
A proteins shape
A proteins structure
A proteins function
PLEASE HELP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
The structure and function are affected by the amino acids order in a protein.
Explanation:The succession of a protein is controlled by the DNA of the genes that encode the protein. An adjustment in the gene's DNA arrangement may prompt an adjustment in the amino acid grouping of the protein. In any event, changing only one amino acid in a protein's grouping can influence the protein's general structure and capacity.
For example, a solitary amino acid change is related to sickle cell frailty, an acquired infection that influences red platelets. In sickle cell frailty, one of the polypeptide ties makes hemoglobin, the protein that conveys oxygen in the blood has a slight succession change. The glutamic acid that is regularly the 6th amino acid of the hemoglobin β chain is supplanted by a valine.
Answer:
****I put the answer janehill33 gave and I got the question incorrect. Therefore I thought that I would come and share the correct answer! People please stop giving the wrong answer.
The answer is Shape, Structure, and Function,
Explanation:
A protein's three-dimensional shape and the way its different amino acids are positioned within that shape make up its structure. A protein's structure depends on the order of amino acids in its chain. This is because as a protein folds, the amino acids interact with each other and with nearby molecules in the cell.
Each type of amino acid has unique properties and interacts with molecules in a different way. These interactions determine the final shape of the protein. For example, some types of amino acids stick together, which causes the protein's amino acid chain to bend or loop. Other types of amino acids are repelled by nearby water molecules. This causes parts of the protein to fold inward.
what causes surface tension in water?
Hi, I have homework in science subject can you please please help me and give the answer
Answer:
Mass : a measurement that reflects the amount of matter in an object .
Weight : a measure of the effect of gravitational pull on matter .
both : does not reflect gravitational pull on matter
shientists are consistantly learning more and more about fossils because
Answer:
Scientists are constantly learning more about fossils to understand the evolution of earth and other living species.
Explanation:
It helps to study the structure of the organisms that are already extinct. Fossils are the conserved remains or traces of animals, plants, and other organisms that exist no more.
Fossils are the significant proof for evolution as it demonstrate that organism on earth was unique from the organism found on earth today. It is also used to study the tectonic history.
Every time energy is transferred between organisms in a food web, some of the energy is lost as heat.
Please select the best answer from the choices provided
OT
OF
Answer: The answer is True
Explanation:
Which material forms the organic portion of soil
Lipids are important to living things for all of the following reasons, EXCEPT that they are
Select one:
a. used for insulation in Arctic animals.
b. used for long-term energy storage in hibernating animals.
c. needed to form cell membranes.
d. chained together to form proteins.
Answer:
D
Explanation:
Proteins are not made of lipids chained together but rather of amino acids chained together. Lipids are made of fatty acid chains joined to various molecules - like glycerol and phosphate that make phospholipids - Phospholipids make up the cell membrane of most cells. Fats are deposited under the dermis of the skin for insulation and this layer is thicker in animals that live in the cold regions. During starvation, these fats are taken from their reserves and broken down to provide energy for the body.
There are nine total phyla within the animal kingdom
Answer:
Animalia is a kingdom which has different phyla. There are thirty six phyla in animal kingdom but nine are the major ones and they are – Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata and Chordata.
Explanation:
The organisms are classified on the basis of complexity. The complexity increases with increase in the mentioned phyla.
Humans are the most complex organism that perform several functions. The least evolved phyla is porifera and the most evolved phyla is chordata.
Harrison wanted to find out what soil works best for growing roses. He grew them in potting soil, clay, sand, and soil he found outside his yard. After one week, he measured their height and how many leaves they had. What are the independent variable, dependent variable, control, and constants?
Final answer:
The independent variable in Harrison's experiment is the type of soil, the dependent variables are the height and number of leaves of the roses, and the control is a separate group of roses grown in a standardized soil. The constants include factors like water, sunlight, temperature, and planting conditions.
Explanation:
The independent variable in Harrison's experiment is the type of soil (potting soil, clay, sand, and soil found outside his yard), as this is the factor that is being changed or manipulated. The dependent variables are the height and number of leaves of the roses, as these are the variables that are measured and are expected to be influenced by the type of soil. The control in this experiment would be a separate group of roses that are grown in a standardized soil that is known to be suitable for rose growth.
The constants in Harrison's experiment would be factors that are kept the same across all groups of roses, such as the amount of water, sunlight, temperature, and planting conditions. These constants ensure that any differences observed in the dependent variables can be attributed to the independent variable (type of soil) and not other factors.
These four elements are most likely in group