Answer:
The correct answer will be option-D
Explanation:
The morphological species concept is the concept which defines the species based on the morphological characters.
The species which can be grouped or organised on the basis of the morphological traits including the anatomy of the organisms arr called morphospecies and the concept is known as a morphological concept.
In the given question, since there is no information available for the collected grasshoppers, therefore, the biologist will classify the grasshopper species by studying the morphological characters of the species.
Thus, option-D is the correct answer.
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What kind of bonding occurs between carbon atoms, allowing carbon to form stable molecules?
A. Single, double, and triple covalent bonds
B. Single, double, and triple ionic bonds
C. Single, double, and triple hydrogen bonds
D. Single, double, and triple metallic bonds
Answer:
The real correct answer would be a.
Explanation:
Covalent bonding occurs between Carbon atoms allowing Carbon to form stable molecules.
Single, double, and triple covalent bonding occurs between carbon atom, allowing carbon to form stable molecules. Thus, the correct option is A.
What is Covalent bonding?A covalent bond is the bond which consists of the mutual sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms of same element or different element. These electrons are simultaneously attracted by the two atomic nuclei. A covalent bond forms between two atoms when the difference between the electronegativities of two atoms is too small for an electron transfer to take place to form ions.
Carbon can form up to four covalent bonds. Covalent bonds are the chemical bonds that form between nonmetal atoms. In a covalent bond, two atoms share a pair of electrons between them. By forming four covalent bonds, carbon shares four pairs of electrons with other atoms, thus filling its outer energy level and achieving stability.
Therefore, the correct option is A.
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How would genetic variation be affected if, during meiosis I, maternal chromosomes always lined up together on one side of the metaphase plate and paternal chromosomes always lined up on the other side?
Answer: There will be no genetic variability in the gametes produced.
Explanation:
Meiosis is a type of cell division to form gametes, which are haploid cells and genetically distinct from the cell that gave them their origin.
During the interphases of meiosis I, each chromosome is duplicated. And after that, during prophase I, the phenomenon of crossing over occurs which is the exchange of genetic material between male and female chromosomes.
In metaphase I, the homologous pairs of chromosomes align on the equatorial plate; and during anaphase I the spindle fibers pull them away and toward each pole of the cell. At the end, in telophase I, the chromosomes are enclosed in nuclei and the nuclear membrane is formed.
If the maternal chromosomes are aligned on one side and the paternal ones on the other, without crossing over having occurred, then the new formed gametes will have the same maternal or paternal genetic material according to which chromosomes they receive. This means that there will be no genetic variability in the gametes produced.
Of the answer choices, what is the most likely reason that paracrine signaling does not activate the cell that is producing the signaling molecule? The cell's receptors have a mutation. The neighboring cells are too far away. The concentration of the signaling molecule is not high enough. The cell does not have the proper receptor.
Answer:
The correct answer is The cells do not have proper receptor.
Explanation:
During paracrine signaling a signaling molecules are generated from one cell.The generated signaling molecule then binds to the receptor of neighboring cell to carry specific signal from donor cell to the acceptor cell.
But the signaling molecules will not bind to the cell that is producing it because that producing cell do not contain proper receptor to bind that signaling molecule.
The binding of signaling molecule to the receptor of its producing cell occur during autocrine signaling.
Final answer:
The most likely reason paracrine signaling does not activate the signaling cell is that the cell lacks suitable receptors for that signal, ensuring signals are directed to and activate neighboring cells instead.
Explanation:
The most likely reason that paracrine signaling does not activate the cell producing the signaling molecule is that the cell does not have the proper receptor for that signal. Paracrine signals are those that are released by cells and act on adjacent nearby cells. For the signaling to be effective, the receiving cells must have appropriate receptors specific to the signaling molecules. Since the cell producing the signal is releasing it for neighbouring cells, it typically lacks receptors to respond to that specific signal or the receptors that are present don't bind to the cell's own signaling molecules as effectively. This specialization of cells ensures that signals are directed and that cells can coordinate behaviors in a localized manner without being activated by the signals they produce themselves.
In contrast, autocrine signaling involves cells that have receptors for the signals they produce, and thus, they can indeed activate themselves. However, in paracrine signaling, the signals move through the extracellular matrix and elicit quick responses. To ensure the response is localized, these signaling molecules are quickly degraded or removed, thereby preventing their activation of the producing cell and establishing a concentration gradient for efficient diffusion when released again.
Kathy downloaded a few photos of local organic farms from Flickr's Creative Commons (CC) pool. She follows the rules of the photographer's specific CC license and uses them in her digital video about sustainable agriculture. That's OK.True / False.
Answer:
True.
Explanation:
As Kathy downloaded the photos from the Creative Common of Flickr and is following the rules of the photographer's specific CC license, she can use the photos for her digital video about sustainable agriculture. If she was not following the photographer's rules, she could have legal problems.
Furosemide is a loop diuretic drug that inhibits the pump responsible for active reabsorption of Na and Cl in the nephron loop. Predict the effect of furosemide on the quantity of urine produced.
Choose the best answer.
a.There will be no urine produced.
b.There will be a small amount of urine produced.
c.There will be a large amount of urine produced.
d.There will be no change in the amount of urine produced.
Final answer:
Furosemide is a loop diuretic that inhibits Na+ and Cl- reabsorption in the nephron loop, leading to a decrease in water reabsorption and thus a larger amount of urine produced.
Explanation:
The drug in question, furosemide, is a loop diuretic that targets the nephron, specifically the ascending limb of the loop of Henle, which is crucial for the reabsorption of sodium (Na+) and chloride (Cl-) ions. This reabsorption is important for the concentration of urine, as it allows for water to be reabsorbed in subsequent parts of the nephron. When furosemide inhibits this process, it prevents Na+ and Cl- reabsorption, which in turn leads to less water being reabsorbed. This results in more water remaining in the urinary system, thus increasing the volume of urine produced. Therefore, the predicted effect of furosemide on the quantity of urine produced is that there will be a large amount of urine produced.
In what dura mater fold is the superior sagittal sinus located?
Answer: The superior saggital sinus is located in the falx cerebri.
Explanation:
The superior sagittal sinus also called superior longitudinal Linus is found in the human head, it is an unpaired area located in the falx cerebri. It drain blood from the lateral region of anterior cerebral hemispheres to the confluence of the sinuses.
In humans, red-green color blindness is determined by an X-linked recessive allele (a), whereas eye color is determined by an autosomal gene, where brown (B) is dominant over blue (b). a. What gametes can be formed with respect to these genes by a heterozygous, brown-eyed, color-blind male? b. If a blue-eyed mother with normal vision has a brown-eyed, color-blind son and a blue- eyed, color-blind daughter, what are the genotypes of both parents and children? If the dominant allele A is negeceary fos oarino.
Answer:
1. XaY,BB and XaY,Bb
2. Father: XaY,Bb
Mother: XAXa,bb
Son: XaY,Bb
Daughter: XaXa,bb
Explanation:
1. Gender: Male --> XY, Color-blind male: XaY, Brown-eyed: BB or Bb. Combine the aforementioned, the gametes can be formed with respect to these genes by a heterozygous, brown-eyed, color-blind male are: XaY,BB and XaY,Bb
2. MOTHER: Blue-eyed female with normal vision : XAXA,bb or XAXa,bb
SON: brown-eyed male, color-blind: XaY,BB or XaY,Bb
DAUGHTER: blue- eyed female, color-blind: XaXa,bb
From the genotype of the son, we can assume that the father must has brown eyes: BB or Bb. Besides, the daughter has blue eyes. Thus, the daughter received the autosomal gene "b" from her parents. At the conclusion, the father eyes color genes is Bb. We can assume that Father genre can be XAY,Bb or XaY,Bb.
Both of son and daughter are color-blind. Thus, Mother genotypes should have Xa. Finally, Mother Genotypes is: XAXa,bb.
Because both children are color-blind, the father genre is: XaY,Bb, brown eyes and color-blind male
Mother (XAXa,bb) × Father (XaY,Bb)
Son 1: (XAY,Bb) clear vision and brown eyesSon 2: (XAY,bb) clear vision and blue eyesSon 3: (XaY,Bb) color blindness and brown eyesSon 4: (XaY,bb) color blindness and blue eyesDaughter 1: (XAXa,Bb) clear vision and brown eyesDaughter 2: (XAXa,bb) clear vision and blue eyes Daughter 3: (XaXa,Bb) color blindness and brown eyesDaughter 4: (XaXa,bb) color blindness and blue eyesFinal answer:
A heterozygous, brown-eyed, color-blind male can produce gametes with two possible combinations: XaB and XaB. If a blue-eyed mother with normal vision has a brown-eyed, color-blind son and a blue-eyed, color-blind daughter, the mother must be a carrier for color blindness, and the son and daughter inherited the recessive colorblind allele from their parents.
Explanation:
In humans, red-green color blindness is determined by an X-linked recessive allele (a), whereas eye color is determined by an autosomal gene. A heterozygous, brown-eyed, color-blind male can produce gametes with two possible combinations: XaB and XaB. The XaB gamete is color-blind and has brown eye color, while the XaB gamete is color-blind and has blue eye color.
If a blue-eyed mother with normal vision has a brown-eyed, color-blind son and a blue-eyed, color-blind daughter, the genotypes of both parents and children can be deduced. The mother must be a carrier for color blindness, with the genotype XaX. The son inherited the X chromosome with the recessive colorblind allele (Xa) from the mother, and the daughter inherited the X chromosome with the recessive colorblind allele (Xa) from the father.
Name two pathogenic bacteria from each of the oxygen requirement groupings, their gram stain reaction and the diseases they cause
Mendel's law of segregation allows one to predict what can happen in a genetic cross. A Punnett square can be used to make this prediction. Look at the Punnett square below.
The use of Punnett square in Mendel’s law helps in predicting the phenotype and genotypes from genetic crosses of offspring.
Explanation:
The study of trait inheritance in pea plants is performed by Gregor Mendel. He developed a model of pair of genes that specify the traits. There are different alleles of genes in a population of living organisms. His law of segregation states that one of the two copies of gene that is present in a specific organism gets distributed to gametes produced by it.
The F2 generation of gene is represented by Punnett model and by counting the squares of this model the genotype and the phenotype ratio can be predicted.
Proteins destined for the following locations are sorted in the trans-Golgi:
a. lysosome, plasma membrane, secretion
b. endoplasmic reticulum, lysosome, mitochondria
c. nucleus, secretion, plasma membrane
d. lysosome, plasma membrane, peroxisome
e. smooth endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, secretion, lysosome
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Golgi apparatus is an organelle in eukaryotic cells that stores and modifies (might include addition of sugar groups) proteins and lipids for certain functions and prepare them for transport to other parts of the cell.
In the Endoplasmic reticulum, proteins fold into into their correct shape. Some of them are transported to the Golgi apparatus in membrane vesicles. Some proteins need to do their jobs in the Golgi (they are said to be Golgi-resident). They are transported from the golgi appratus to their final destinations through a secretory pathway. It involves sorting proteins into different kinds of transport vesicles, which emanate from the trans Golgi network and deliver their contents to the appropriate cellular locations.
Proteins that are membrane embedded are conveyed to the plasma membrane (integral membrane proteins) by constitutive secretion. Proteins can divert from constitutive secretion pathway and be targeted towards other destinations such as lysosomes (as lysosomal proteins) and regulated secretion from cells (to the cell exterior).
Proteins destined for the lysosome, plasma membrane, and secretion are sorted in the trans-Golgi network. This part of the Golgi apparatus acts as a crossroads for protein traffic, sending proteins to their correct destinations.
Explanation:The answer to the question is Proteins destined for locations such as the lysosome, plasma membrane, and for secretion are sorted in the trans-Golgi network. The trans-Golgi network (TGN) is the part of the Golgi apparatus involved in sorting proteins to their correct destinations. It effectively acts as a crossroads for protein traffic, sending proteins to the right places based on specific sorting signals contained within the proteins themselves.
For example, proteins that will end up in the lysosome (which serves as the cell's waste disposal and recycling center) have a specific marker that the TGN recognizes. The TGN then sends these proteins to the lysosome. Likewise, proteins destined for the plasma membrane (which controls what enters and leaves the cell) and those destined for secretion (sent out of the cell to perform various functions) are recognized by the TGN and sent to their respective locations.
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Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) and one-seeded juniper (J. monosperma) have overlapping ranges. Pollen grains (which contain sperm cells) from one species are unable to germinate and make pollen tubes on female ovules (which contain egg cells) of the other species These two juniper species are kept separate by:______
a. temporal isolation
b. habitat isolation
c. behavioral isolation
d. gametic isolation
Final answer:
Rocky Mountain juniper and one-seeded juniper are kept separate by gametic isolation, preventing their pollen and ovules from successfully interacting and fertilizing.
Explanation:
The Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorum) and one-seeded juniper (J. monosperma) are kept separate by a process known as gametic isolation. This type of reproductive isolation occurs when pollen grains from one species (which contain the sperm cells) are not able to germinate and create pollen tubes on the female ovules (which contain the egg cells) of another species. Since these two juniper species have pollen and ovules that do not interact successfully to allow fertilization, they are unable to produce viable offspring together. This mechanism prevents the gene pools of the two species from mixing, thereby maintaining them as separate species despite their overlapping ranges.
Sexual dysfunction is a phenomenon that
a. could result in a lack of sexual satisfaction.
b. is rare for partners in long-term relationships.
c. could occur to low sexual desire.
d. does not relate to sexual performance.
Answer:
a. could result in a lack of sexual satisfaction is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Sexual dysfunction is a phenomenon that could result in a lack of sexual satisfaction.
Normally sexual response cycle includes excitation, plateau, satisfaction, and resolution.
sexual dysfunction is more common at the of forty although it can also affect at any age.
Sexual dysfunction commonly is divided into four kinds:
Desire disorders — occur due to a reduction in sexual desire.Arousal disorders —in this case, a person does not get excited while doing sex.Orgasm disorders —is the inability of the woman to reach an orgasm. Pain disorders — while doing the intercourse pain occur.sexual dysfunction causes because of the following reason
heart diseaseif blood pressure is highdue to obesityDiabetesneurological disordersYesterday you asked your friend Ray for a couple of aspirin tablets to relieve your headache. Ray has been taking a psychology course and informs you that, in behavioral terms, aspirin is a ________ reinforcer.
Answer:
The correct answer is a negative reinforcer.
Explanation:
In psychology there is a type of procedure called reinforcements. This means that there are situations in which certain behavior is established or eliminated, waiting for a response because of doing it.
There are two types of reinforcements: positive reinforcements and negative reinforcements.
The positive reinforcement establishes that by means of a certain type of behavior, a positive response will be expected, therefore the behavior will be repeated again to have that response again.
An example of this would be when you teach your dog to sit, and in return you give him a croquette. The first time he did it, the dog saw that he received a delicious croquette in exchange for his action, so he is likely to do it again in order to win a croquette again.
A negative reinforcement, on the other hand, is one that eliminates a certain type of negative condition, waiting for the response to this to continue. As is the example of taking an aspirin. If a person takes an aspirin to relieve his headache, it is likely that every time his head hurts he will take one too. And this is not a positive or recommended behavior, unless a doctor prescribes it.
Allele A has 235 codons. Allele a (an alternative allele of the same gene) has 233 codons. When comparing the protein encoded by allele A to that encoded by allele a, protein A must be:______
Explanation:
A must be two amino acids longer -each codon encodes one amino acid.
Sequences of DNA make up genes which can have different forms called alleles. DNA is transcribed into mRNA and later translated into amino acids which are linked together by rRNA to form proteins.
Further Explanation:
The nucleic acids are comprised of smaller units called nucleotides and function as storage for the body’s genetic information. These monomers include ribonucleic acid (RNA) or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). They differ from other macromolecules since they don’t provide the body with energy. They exist solely to encode and protein synthesis.
Basic makeup: C, H, O, P... life on Earth is Carbon based nucleotides contain 5-carbon sugars, and nitrogen; the bases may contain single to double bond rings
All the genetic information within the eukaryotic cell is stored within the nucleus as helical DNA. This DNA is tightly wound around histones as chromosomes. Codons are three nucleotide bases encoding an amino acid or signal at the beginning or end of protein synthesis.
RNA codons determine certain amino acids so the order in which the bases occur within in the codon sequence designates which amino acid is to be made bus with the four RNA nucleotides (Adenine, Cysteine and Uracil) Up to 64 codons (with 3 as stop codons) determine amino acid synthesis. The stop codons ( UAG UGA UAA) terminate amino acid/ protein synthesis while the start codon AUG begins protein synthesis.
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Which of the following is NOT a goal of biomechanics?
a) to understand how the basic laws of physics affect human motion and the structure and function of the human body
b) to understand the interaction between the human user and the mechanics of equipment or devices
c) to improve performance and well-being to solve particular problems with the motion and structure of the human body
d) to understand the relationship between mechanical laws and movement techniques of specific movements to improve the outcome or effectiveness of movements
Answer: b) to understand the interaction between the human user and the mechanics of equipment or devices
Explanation:
To understand the interaction between the human user and the mechanics of equipment or devices is NOT a goal of biomechanics.
Biomechanics by definition in dictionaries is the branch of biophysics that deals with the mechanics of the human or animal body; especially concerned with muscles and the skeleton.To study the mechanics of a living body it is necessary to understand the forces exerted by muscles and gravity on the skeletal structure, as well as the mechanics of a part or function of a living body, for example the heart or of locomotion.
The answer is d) to understand the relationship between mechanical laws and movement techniques of specific movements to improve the outcome or effectiveness of movements.
Explanation:The correct answer is d) to understand the relationship between mechanical laws and movement techniques of specific movements to improve the outcome or effectiveness of movements. The field of biomechanics aims to understand the mechanical principles behind human movement and the structure and function of the human body. It involves analyzing the physics of motion, the interaction between humans and equipment, and identifying solutions to improve performance and well-being. However, it does not focus solely on the relationship between mechanical laws and movement techniques of specific movements.
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Although testosterone and related anabolic steroids clearly increase muscle mass during puberty, it has been more difficult to determine scientifically whether adult men with normal testosterone can get much stronger from extra steroids, partly because:
Answer & Explanation
The use of extra anabolic steroids has been termed ''unethical''. Therefore, the research would be unethical to subject participants to extra doses of different steroids.
In sports, the use of anabolic steroids in order to boost personal performance is regarded as doping and anabolic steroids are listed as banned substances.
Answer is it will be unethical to expose participants to high doses of multiple steroids
We know a lot more about animals and plants than Darwin did, and still, not a single case is known to me of a complex organ that could not have been formed by numerous successive, slight modifications. I do not believe that such a case will ever be found. If it is I shall cease to believe in Darwinism.
A) True
B) False
The given statement is True.
Explanation:
The Charles Darwin developed the theory called Darwinism theory of evolution. The theory states that all the species of the organisms arises and developed through the small, inherited variations in the organisms that increase the individual ability to complete the survive and reproduce.
The individual species are not having identical traits that are passed from the generation to generation. The offspring are born that can survive, only the survive of the completion for resources will reproduce; he describes how the species can change in shape and character through the selective breeding.
Dr. Cho wants to know if differences in the growth rate of fish are based on genetics or the environment. He buys two fish. Fish 1 is fed everyday, while fish 2 is fed every other day. At the end of a month, fish 1 is nearly 15 percent larger than fish 2. Considering the fish have a nearly identical genetic makeup, what can Dr. Cho conclude?A) Environmental changes can account for all the differences in growth rate.B) Genetic influences must account for a majority of the differences in growth rate.C) Environmental conditions were more favorable for fish 2.D) Differences in growth rate cannot be determined by his simple experiment.
Answer:
Option A
Explanation:
The difference in amount of food consumed is considered an environmental factor and it has an effect on the growth rate as seen in the question.
Bettina describes herself as a lesbian and is in a long-term relationship with another woman, whom she recently married. The best biological explanation for Bettina's sexual orientation is that there (select one):
a. was greater exposure to androgens while she was in the womb.
b. was an insufficient level of estrogen released during puberty.
c. is an extra Y sex chromosome in her DNA.
d. is inadequate functioning of her ovaries.
Answer:
Was greater exposure to androgens while she was in the womb.
Option: (b)
Explanation:
The greater exposure to testosterone hormone causes to develop the women into the masculine characters. In case of Bettina, as she is attracted towards to women this shows her greater exposure to androgen while she was in the womb. The high testosterone hormone may also cause the development of facial hairs, man characteristics nature and turns girls into lesbian by the emotional attachment towards the girls.The diet of many birds consists of hard seeds that need to be broken up for digestion. What part of the bird digestive system that is not found in many other vertebrates probably is responsible for this function?
Answer:
Proventriculum and gizzard
Explanation:
In birds, the stomach is divided into two compartments: the proventriculum and the gizzard. These structures are less distinct in carnivorous species, and well-prominent in grain and seed-feeding species.
The proventriculum is a structure located between the lower esophagus and the gizzard. It is covered by a glanular mucous layer with secretory function and is therefore responsible for the secretion of enzymes and hydrochloric acid for digestion.
The gizzard is considered a muscular stomach, responsible for crushing and macerating food (as in chewing). It has a highly developed and strong musculature, resistant to the action of hydrochloric acid.
Huong has moved from China to the United States. While she dresses and acts like her American friends, she still has retained much of her cultural heritage and attends traditional Chinese dance classes on the weekends. This is an example of ___________.a. assimilation.
b. integration.
c. separation.
d. marginalization.
Answer:
b. Integration.
Explanation:
Huong acting and dressing as her American friends and attending traditional Chinese dance classes on the weekends is an example of integration because she is incorporating things from two different cultures to her life and living with them in harmony.
Which factor has a positive effect on the quality of sleep?A. Sleeping in a quiet environment.B. Sleeping hours that synchronize with the circadian rhythm.C. Spending additional time in stage II of the sleep cycle.D. Sleeping in a dark environment
Answer:
A. Sleeping in a quiet environment
Explanation:
As it's free from stress
European starlings and Eastern bluebirds both nest in naturally occurring cavities. In areas where both species occur, starlings often evict bluebirds from their nesting holes and raise their own young there. This is an example of:
Answer:
Competition
Explanation:
The organisms living in a particular ecosystem constantly interact with each other and these interactions are of different types:1. Mutualism
2. commensalism
3. predation
4. competition
5. parasitism
In a situation where there are limited resources are available and the species present in the ecosystem want to utilize the similarly limited resources and thus, do not want to compromise this leads to competitive interaction.In the case of competition one of the species tries to eliminate the other species and the fittest wins.In the given case it can be seen that both the starling and the bluebird occupy cavities and hence, compete with each other, however, the bluebirds are evicted by the starlings and hence, this is an example of competition.Which division detects stimuli of the general senses and special senses?
Answer:
Somatic Sensory division
Explanation:
Somatic Sensory division detects stimuli of the general senses and special senses.
Somatic Sensory division is part of peripheral nervous system, it runs from sensory organs to Central nervous system. This sensory division collects information from touch, pressure, feel, pain ,vision, teste and crries them to Central nervous System.
The sensory division of the nervous system detects stimuli for both general and special senses. General senses like touch are distributed throughout the body and do not have specialized organs, whereas special senses such as sight and hearing involve specific organs like the eyes and ears.
Explanation:The Sensory Division and Stimuli Detection:
The division that detects stimuli of the general senses and special senses is known as the sensory division. This division of the nervous system is tasked with carrying messages from sense organs, such as the eyes and ears, and internal organs to the central nervous system (CNS). The general senses, which include sensations like touch, temperature, pain, proprioception (body movement), and kinesthesia (body movement), do not have specialized sense organs and are distributed throughout the body. The special senses, which include sight, hearing, balance, taste, and smell, have specific organs associated with them: the eyes for vision, the ears for hearing and balance, the tongue for taste, and the nasal passages for smell.
The eyes are the specialized sense organs for sight, gathering visual information and converting it into nerve impulses that the brain can understand. Likewise, the ears are the sensory organs for hearing, with the inner ear also playing a critical role in maintaining balance. Tactile stimuli related to touch are detected by mechanoreceptors found in the skin and tissues, which provide feedback about our environment.
Which of the following could be absorbed by cells lining the digestive tract? View Available Hint(s) Which of the following could be absorbed by cells lining the digestive tract? starches amino acids proteins DNA
Answer:
The correct answer is amino acids.
Explanation:
When food is consumed it contains nutrients in the form of polymers like starch, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids(DNA). These polymers can not be absorbed directly by the body because of their complexity and larger structures.
Therefore they must be broken down into smaller forms by digestive enzymes. After digestion, they are broken into smaller and simpler forms like amino acids, glucose, fatty acids, etc. Then these simpler forms are absorbed through the digestive tract in the body.
So as amino acid is the simpler form of proteins so it can be absorbed by cells lining the digestive tract.
Channel proteins are selective. Each channel protein has a structure that permits only a particular type of ion or small molecule to pass through it. To what does the term gated channel refer?
Answer & explanation:
Channel proteins are specific types of proteins that have aqueous channels along their molecules and are associated with substance transport.
These proteins act passively because they are part of the passive transport of cells, since there is no energy expenditure to internalize the substances, they enter the protein channels requiring a favorable concentration gradient for this process to occur.
Channel proteins may have gated or non-gated channels.
Non-gated channels spend most of their time open allowing ions to move with no restrictions; Gated channels allow regulation of the movement of molecules between the fluid intracellular and extracellular. These channels remain closed until they receive a specific chemical or electrical signal.The main function of the inflammatory response is to
A) initiate the production of antibodies.
B) remove contaminating microorganisms and initiate repair of damaged tissues.
C) initiate T cell-mediated immune responses.
D) initiate the production of killer cells
Answer:
B) remove contaminating microorganisms and initiate repair of damaged tissues.
Explanation:
Schematically we can divide the inflammation into five stages:
1- Release of mediators. They are molecules, most of them, of elementary structure that are released or
synthesized by the mast cell under the action of certain stimuli.
2- Effect of mediators. Once released, these molecules produce vascular alterations and effects
Chemotactics that favor the arrival of molecules and immune cells to the inflammatory focus.
3- Arrival of molecules and immune cells to the inflammatory focus. They come mostly from the blood, but
also from the areas surrounding the focus.
4- Regulation of the inflammatory process. Like most of the immune responses, the inflammatory phenomenon
It also integrates a series of inhibitory mechanisms aimed at finalizing or balancing the process.
5- Repair. Phase consisting of phenomena that will determine the total or partial repair of tissues
damaged by the aggressor or by the inflammatory response itself.
If the extracellular fluid has an excess of sodium ions, a. sodium ions move into cells b. intracellular fluid moves to the outside of cells c. phosphate and calcium ions are eliminated in feces d. blood levels of arsenic and oxalate increase
Answer:
b. intracellular fluid moves to the outside of cells
Explanation:
The presence of an excess of sodium ions in the extracellular fluid would make it hypertonic with respect to the intracellular fluid. The concentration gradient would drive the intracellular fluid towards the outside of the cell to balance the concentration of the fluids on either side. The passive movement of fluids occurs across the cells and is driven by the concentration gradient only. The biological membranes are permeable for fluid movement such as the movement of water across it.
Which of the following is not found in bacteria? Which of the following is not found in bacteria? control of chromatin remodeling transcriptional control control of chromatin remodeling, RNA splicing, and transcription control of both RNA splicing and chromatin remodeling control of RNA splicing
Answer:
Control of both RNA splicing and chromatin remodeling control of RNA splicing.
Explanation:
RNA is present as genetic material but in case of some viruses only. RNA contains the nitrogenous base ( adenine, guanine, uracil and cytosine), oxyribose sugar and phosphate group.
The bacteria do not have well developed nucleus so no chromatin remodification occurs in case of bacteria. Bacteria is devoid of introns and contains only exons in its RNA structure. The splicing process is not required in case of bacteria.
Thus, the correct answer is option (4).
Diphtheria is caused by bacteria that have been infected by a bacteriophage. This bacteriophage is a lysogenic phage and contains the genes to produce the diphtheria toxin, which inhibits protein synthesis. Which of the following is the correct term for the phage while its genetic material is integrated into the bacterial chromosome?
a. The genetic material is called a viroid
b. The genetic material is called a prophage and the change in the host cell's properties is called lysogenic conversion
c. The genetic material is called a transposon and the change in the host cell's properties is called competence
d. The genetic material is called a prion
Answer:
The correct answer is b) The genetic material is called a prophage and the change in the host cell's properties is called lysogenic conversion
Explanation:
The term prophage is used to describe the genetic material of a bacteriophage which has been incorporated in the genome of infected bacteria. The resulting changes within the host´s properties are called lysogenic conversion. At this state the bacterial cell is still intact.