A 1.24g sample of a hydrocarbon, when completely burned in an excess of O2 yields 4.04g Co2 and 1.24g H20. Draw plausible structure for the hydrocarbon molecule

Answer:

The easiest way to make these solutions is preparing serial dilutions with dilution factor of 10.

Explanation:

In chemistry, a dilution is the way to reducing the concentration of a chemical adding more solvent.

To prepare the first 0,100 M NaCl from 1,00 M NaCl:

You must take an aliquot of 25,0 mL of 1,00 M NaCl and dilute until 250,0 mL.  Thus, the concentration will decrease ten times until the expected concentration. The dilution factor is 10.

To prepare the second 0,0100 M of NaCl:

From 0,100 M NaCl take an aliquot of 25 mL an dilute until 250,0 mL. Thus, the concentration will decrease ten times.

So, to prepare each solution you must take the last one and dilute it in a dilution factor of 10.

I hope it helps!

Answer:

The volume you need to transfer from the stock solution is 0.145 l

Explanation:

Since the number of moles of lactose in the volume of stock solution that you transfer will be the same as the number of moles of lactose in the final solution, you can use this expression:

number of moles in volume to transfer = number of moles in the final solution

Since number of moles = concentration * volume (if the concentration is expressed in molarity), then:

Ci * Vi = Cf * Vf

where:

Ci = concentration of the stock solution.

Vi = volume of the stock solution to be transferred.

Cf = concentration of the final solution

Vf = volume of the final solution

Then, replacing with the data:

518 mM * Vi = 16.7 mM * 4.5 l

Vi = 16.7 mM * 4.5 l / 518 mM

Vi = 0.145 l or 145 ml

Notice that any concentration unit can be used, as long as the units of the concentration of the stock and final solution are the same.

Answer:

The density of the metal is 21.675 g/mL.

The volume of metal with mass of 64.9 grams is 2.994 mL.

Explanation:

Density is defined as mass present in unit volume of the substance.

[tex]Density=\frac{Mass}{Volume}[/tex]

Mass of unknown metal = m = 427.0 g

Volume of the unknown metal = v = 19.7 mL

Density of the unknown metal = d

[tex]d=\frac{m}{v}=\frac{427.0 g}{19.7 mL}=21.675 g/mL[/tex]

Mass of the same unknown metal = M = 64.9 g

Volume of same unknown metal with mass M = V

Density of the metal  = d = 21.675 g/mL

[tex]21.675 g/ mL=\frac{64.9 g}{V}[/tex]

V = 2.994 mL

Answer:

The balanced equation for the complete oxidation reaction uses 2 moles of butane and 13 moles of Oxygen.

Explanation:

The oxidation of butane is shown in the following picture. As it is a complete combustion, the products of this reaction are carbon dioxide and water.

Butane (C₄H₁₀) combusts in the presence of oxygen (O₂) to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O). The balanced reaction is: 2C₄H₁₀(g) + 13O₂(g) -> 8CO₂(g) + 10H₂O(g). This is a combustion reaction, which is exothermic and releases heat and light.

The question is asking for the balanced combustion reaction of butane, which is burned as a lighter fluid in disposable lighters. In the presence of sufficient oxygen, butane (C₄H₁₀) combusts to produce carbon dioxide (CO₂) and water (H₂O). The reaction can be represented and balanced as follows:

2C₄H₁₀(g) + 13O₂(g) -> 8CO₂(g) + 10H₂O(g)

This reaction is an example of a combustion reaction, where a hydrocarbon, like butane, burns in the air to produce carbon dioxide and water. It's also an exothermic reaction, releasing energy in the form of heat and light, which is what makes butane useful as a lighter fluid.

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Answer:

b) Counter current

Explanation:

In mechanical, chemical, nuclear and other systems, it happens that heat must be transferred from one place to another or from one fluid to another. Heat exchangers are the devices that allow you to perform this task  the types of exchangers are presented  of heat as a function of flow: parallel flow; counterflow; cross flow.

Among the main reasons why exchangers are used

Heat are as follows:

• Heat a cold fluid using a fluid with a higher temperature.

• Reduce the temperature of a fluid by means of a fluid with a lower temperature.

• Bring the fluid to the boiling point using a fluid with a higher temperature.

• Condense a fluid in a gaseous state by means of a cold fluid

A backflow occurs when the two fluids flow in the same direction but in  opposite way. Each of the fluids enters the exchanger through different ends Since the fluid with less  temperature goes backflow from the heat exchanger at the end where the fluid enters with higher temperature,  the temperature of the coldest fluid will approach the temperature of the inlet fluid.

This type of exchanger  turns out to be more efficient than the other two types mentioned above. In contract with the exchanger  parallel flow heat, the counterflow exchanger may have the highest temperature in the cold fluid and the  lower temperature in the hot fluid after heat transfer in the exchanger.

Be careful with turbulent that it is not a type of exchanger but a system in which a fluid is found.

Explanation:

It is given that diameter of the pipe is 10 cm which is also equal to [tex]10 \times 10^{-2}m[/tex].

Velocity of water = 5 m/s

(a)   Formula to calculate volumetric flow rate is as follows.

                       Q = Area of the pipe (A) × Velocity of water (V)

                           = [tex]\frac{\pi}{4} \times 10 \times 10^{-2} \times 5 m^{3}/sec[/tex]

                           = 0.039 [/tex]m^{3}/sec[/tex]

                           = [tex]\frac{0.039 m^{3}/sec \times 60 sec}{1 min}[/tex]

                           = 2.36 [tex]m^{3} min^{-1}[/tex]

Hence, the volumetric flow rate is 2.36 [tex]m^{3} min^{-1}[/tex].

(b)    Formula to calculate mass flow rate is as follows.

                      [tex]Q \times \rho[/tex]

                     = [tex]2.36 m^{3} min^{-1} \times 1000 kg m^{-3}[/tex]

                     = 2356.19 kg/min

Therefore, the mass flow rate is 2356.19 kg/min.

Answer:

a.

P = 3 , N = 4

b.

P = 8 , N = 8

c.

P = 90 , N = 142

d.

P = 94 , N = 145

Explanation:

Mass number  = Number of protons + Number of neutrons

Also,

Atomic number = Number of protons

Li - 7

Given, Mass number of Lithium = 7

For lithium, atomic number = 3

So,

Number of protons = 3

Number of neutrons = Mass number - Number of protons = 7 - 3 = 4

O - 16

Given, Mass number of oxygen = 16

For oxygen, atomic number = 8

So,

Number of protons = 8

Number of neutrons = Mass number - Number of protons = 16 - 8 = 8

Th - 232

Given, Mass number of Thorium = 232

For Thorium, atomic number = 90

So,

Number of protons = 90

Number of neutrons = Mass number - Number of protons = 232 - 90 = 142

Pu - 239

Given, Mass number of Plutonium = 239

For Plutonium, atomic number = 94

So,

Number of protons = 94

Number of neutrons = Mass number - Number of protons = 239 - 94 = 145

Explanation:

1 Pascal = 1 N/m²

To convert Pa to lbf/ft²

So, the conversion of N to pound force (lbf) is shown below as:

1 N = 0.224809 pound force (lbf)

The conversion of m² to ft² is shown below:

1 m² = 10.7639 ft²

So,

[tex]1\ Pa=\frac {1\ N}{1\ m^2}=\frac {0.224809\ lbf}{10.7639\ ft^2}

1 Pa = 0.02089 lbf / ft²

Hence proved.

Answer:

The answer is 0.005097 mL.

Explanation:

Significant figures : The figures in a number which express the value of the magnitude of a quantity to a specific degree of an accuracy is known as significant digits.

Given :

[tex]x=\frac{(1.145 x 109 g/mol)\times (0.0035 mol)}{(8.57 x 10 g/mL)}[/tex]

[tex]x=\frac{0.4368 g}{8.57\times 10 g/mL}=0.005097053 mL[/tex]

[tex]x=0.005097053 mL\approx 0.005097 mL[/tex]

Answer: This therapy is available for 15 days.

Explanation:

We are given:

Oral solution dosage = 75 mg/5 mL

To calculate the volume of oral situation for single dose per, we use unitary method:

The volume required for 75 mg of solution is 5 mL

So, the volume required for 300 mg of solution will be = [tex]\frac{5mL}{75mg}\times 300mg=20mL[/tex]

The total volume of the ranitidine bottle = 300 mL

To calculate the number of days, we divide the total volume of the bottle by the volume of dose taken per night, we get:

[tex]\text{Number of days}=\frac{\text{Total volume}}{\text{Volume of dose taken per night}}=\frac{300mL}{20mL}=15[/tex]

Hence, this therapy is available for 15 days.

Explanation:

Aldonic Acid:

Aldonic acids are suger acids.

General formula of aldonic acid = [tex]HOOC-(CHOH)_n-CH_2OH[/tex]

Aldonic acids are obtained by the oxidation of aldehydic group of suger.

So, aldonic acids have hydroxyl group at one terminal and carboxylic group at another terminal.

Gluconic acid is an example of aldonic acid.

Uronic Acid:

It is also a type of suger acid having carbonyl functional group at one terminal and carboxylic group at other terminal.

It is obtained by oxidation of hydroxyl group of the sugar.

Aldaric Acid:

Aldaric acid is also a type of sugar acid having carboxylic acid functional group at both the ends.

Both the hydroxyl group and aldehydic group are oxidized to form class of compound, called aldaric acid.

Final answer:

To determine the volume of a 1:5000 w/v solution that can be made from 125 mL of a 0.2% w/v solution of benzalkonium chloride, we calculate the mass of the solute in the initial solution and divide it by the concentration of the desired dilute solution, giving us 1250 mL.

Explanation:

To calculate the target volume of a 1:5000 w/v solution from a 0.2% w/v solution of benzalkonium chloride, we first need to understand the concentration terms. A 0.2% w/v solution means 0.2 g of solute is present in every 100 mL of solution. For a 1:5000 w/v solution, there is 1 g of solute in 5000 mL of solution, or essentially y, 0.0002 g/mL (1 g / 5000 mL).

We then figure out how much benzalkonium chloride is in the initial 125 mL of the 0.2% solution. Since 0.2% w/v is equivalent to 0.2 g/100 mL, we have 0.2 g in 100 mL, hence in 125 mL, we'll have 0.25 g (since 125 mL is 1.25 times 100 mL).

To work out how much of the 1:5000 solution we can make with 0.25 g, we use the concentration of the 1:5000 solution, which is 0.0002 g/mL. Dividing the total available mass of solute (0.25 g) by the concentration (0.0002 g/mL), we get 1250 mL. Thus, the answer is a. 1250 mL.

Answer:

In the second step, the chemist must measure 8.3 ml of concentrated acid

Explanation:

The concentration of the final solution can be obtained using the pH value:

pH = -log[H] = 0.60

[H] = 10^(-0.60) = 0.25 M

Then, the final concentration of HCl will be 0.25 M because HCl is a monoprotic acid, which means that HCl only has one hydrolyzable proton. Therefore: [HCl] = [H].

The number of moles of HCl in the final solution will be equal to the number of moles present in the volume taken from the stock solution:

n° of moles in the volume taken from stock solution = n° moles in the final solution.

The number of moles can be calculated as follows:

number of moles = concentration * volume

Then:

Ci * Vi = Cf * Vf

where

Ci = concentration of the stock solution

Vi = volume taken from the stock solution

Cf = concentration of the final solution

Vf = volume of the final solution

Replacing with the data, we can obtain Vi:

6.0 M * Vi = 0.25 M * 200.0 ml

Vi = 8.3 ml

Answer:

I think it would be:

NaCO3 (s)-->Na2O (s) + CO2 (g)

The balanced chemical equation when Sodium carbonate heated to produces sodium oxide and carbon dioxide is as,

[tex]Na_{2} CO_{3} (s)[/tex] → [tex]Na_{2} O (s) + CO_{2} (g)[/tex]

The above reaction is thermal decomposition reaction.

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Answer: The volume of solution is [tex]8.03\times 10^5mL[/tex]

Explanation:

The relationship between specific gravity and density of a substance is given as:

[tex]\text{Specific gravity}=\frac{\text{Density of a substance}}{\text{Density of water}}[/tex]

Specific gravity of sulfuric acid solution = 1.22

Density of water = 1.00 g/mL

Putting values in above equation we get:

[tex]1.22=\frac{\text{Density of sulfuric acid solution}}{1.00g/mL}\\\\\text{Density of sulfuric acid solution}=(1.22\times 1.00g/mL)=1.22g/mL[/tex]

We are given:

25% (m/m) sulfuric acid solution. This means that 25 g of sulfuric acid is present in 100 g of solution

Conversion factor:  1 kg = 1000 g

Mass of solution having 254 kg or 245000 g of sulfuric acid is calculated by using unitary method:

If 25 grams of sulfuric acid is present in 100 g of solution.

So, 245000 grams of sulfuric acid will be present in = [tex]\frac{100}{25}\times 245000=980000g[/tex]

To calculate volume of a substance, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Density of substance}=\frac{\text{Mass of substance}}{\text{Volume of substance}}[/tex]

Density of solution = 1.22 g/mL

Mass of Solution = 980000 g

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]1.22g/mL=\frac{980000g}{\text{Volume of solution}}\\\\\text{Volume of solution}=\frac{980000g}{1.22g/mL}=8.03\times 10^5mL[/tex]

Hence, the volume of solution is [tex]8.03\times 10^5mL[/tex]

Answer : The moles of oxygen gas lost are 2.88 mole

Explanation :

According to the Avogadro's Law, the volume is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas at constant pressure and temperature.

[tex]V\propto n[/tex]   (At constant temperature and pressure)

or,

[tex]\frac{V_1}{V_2}=\frac{n_1}{n_2}[/tex]

where,

[tex]V_1[/tex] = initial volume of oxygen gas = 12.6 L

[tex]V_2[/tex] = final volume of oxygen gas = 12.1 L

[tex]n_1[/tex] = initial moles of oxygen gas = 3.0 mole

[tex]n_2[/tex] = final moles of oxygen gas = ?

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get the final moles of oxygen gas.

[tex]\frac{12.6L}{12.1L}=\frac{3.0mole}{n_2}[/tex]

[tex]n_2=2.88mole[/tex]

Therefore, the moles of oxygen gas lost are 2.88 mole

Answer: 20.1 kg.

Explanation:

To calculate mass of a substance, we use the equation:

[tex]\text{Density of substance}=\frac{\text{Mass of substance}}{\text{Volume of substance}}[/tex]

We are given:

Density of gasoline = [tex]0.737kg/L[/tex]

Volume of gasoline = [tex]7.2gallons=7.2\times 3.785L=27.252L[/tex]     (Conversion factor: [tex]1gal=3.785L[/tex] )

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]0.737kg/L=\frac{\text{Mass of gasoline}}{27.252L}\\\\\text{Mass of gasoline}=20.084kg[/tex]

The rule apply for multiplication and division is :

The least precise number present after the decimal point determines the number of significant figures in the answer, thus the answer musty have three significant digits.

Hence, the mass added is 20.1 kg.

Answer: The molar solubility of carbon dioxide gas is 0.002 M

Explanation:

Henry's law states that the amount of gas dissolved or molar solubility of gas is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the liquid.

To calculate the molar solubility, we use the equation given by Henry's law, which is:

[tex]C_{CO_2}=K_H\times p_{liquid}[/tex]

where,

[tex]K_H[/tex] = Henry's constant = [tex]3.7\times 10^{-2}mol/L.atm[/tex]

[tex]p_{CO_2}[/tex] = partial pressure of carbonated drink = 0.51atm

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]C_{CO_2}=3.7\times 10^{-2}mol/L.atm\times 0.51atm\\\\C_{CO_2}=1.887\times 10^{-2}mol/L=0.002M[/tex]

Hence, the molar solubility of carbon dioxide gas is 0.002 M

Answer:

0.019 mol/L

Explanation:

Given data

According to Henry's law, the solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure.

C = k × P

C = (3.7 × 10⁻² mol/L . atm) × 0.51 atm

C = 0.019 mol/L

Answer:

5x10^3 L

Explanation:

Charle's Law states that the volume of a fixed amount of gas maintained at constant pressure is directly proportional to the absolute temperature of the gas, for a constant amount of gas we can write:

[tex]\frac{V1}{T1}=\frac{V2}{T2}[/tex]

As the pressure of the balloon doesn't change, we can use Charle's Law to solve the problem. Firs we change the given temperatures to absolute temperature units ( °K), using the following relations:

°K=273,15+°C

Therefore:

V1=4.6 x 10^3 L, T1=273,15+31=304,15°K

V2=?,                   T2=273,15+56=329,15°K

[tex]V2=\frac{V1T2}{T1}=\frac{4.6*10^3*329,15}{304,15}=4978,1L=5*10^3L[/tex]

The new volume of the balloon is 5x10^3 L.

The volume of a helium-filled balloon at 56°C under constant pressure can be calculated using Charles's Law by converting temperatures to Kelvins and using the volume-temperature direct proportionality relationship.

The subject of this question involves the relationship between volume and temperature of a gas under constant pressure, described by Charles's Law. This law states that the volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to its temperature (in Kelvins) when pressure is held constant. To use Charles's Law for calculating the new volume of a balloon, first, convert the temperatures from Celsius to Kelvins (K = °C + 273.15). The initial temperature is 31°C, which is 304.15K, and the final temperature is 56°C, which is 329.15K.

Apply Charles's Law using the formula V1/T1 = V2/T2. Let V1 be the initial volume (4.6 x 10³ L), T1 be the initial temperature (304.15K), V2 be the final volume, and T2 be the final temperature (329.15K). Solving for V2 gives:

V2 = (V1 x T2) / T1 = (4.6 x 10³ L x 329.15K) / 304.15K

Calculating this will give us the new volume V2 which we express in scientific notation.

Answer: The mass of proton is [tex]1.67\times 10^{-33}Gg[/tex]

Explanation:

Proton is one of the sub-atomic particle which is present in the nucleus of the atom.

We know that:

Mass of proton = [tex]1.67\times 10^{-27}kg[/tex]

To convert this into Giga grams, we use the conversion factor:

[tex]1Gg=1\times 10^6kg[/tex]

Converting the given value into Giga grams, we get:

[tex]\Rightarrow 1.67\times 10^{-27}kg\times \frac{1Gg}{1\times 10^6kg}=1.67\times 10^{-33}Gg[/tex]

Hence, the mass of proton is [tex]1.67\times 10^{-33}Gg[/tex]

Answer: The correct answer is Option  d.

Explanation:

To calculate the molarity of base, we use the equation given by neutralization reaction:

[tex]n_1M_1V_1=n_2M_2V_2[/tex]

where,

[tex]n_1,M_1\text{ and }V_1[/tex] are the n-factor, molarity and volume of acid which is [tex]H_2SO_4[/tex]

[tex]n_2,M_2\text{ and }V_2[/tex] are the n-factor, molarity and volume of base which is KOH

We are given:

[tex]n_1=2\\M_1=0.543M\\V_1=72.1mL\\n_2=1\\M_2=?M\\V_2=39.0mL[/tex]

Putting values in above equation, we get:

[tex]2\times 0.543\times 72.1=1\times M_2\times 39.0\\\\M_2=2.01M[/tex]

Hence, the correct answer is Option d.

The concentration of the base is 2.01 M

A neutralization reaction is a reaction that occurs between an acid and a base to yield salt and water only;

This reaction occurs as follows; H2SO4 + 2KOH ----->K2SO4 + H2O

From the titration formula;

concentration of acid CA =  0.543 M

volume of acid VA = 72.1 mL

concentration of baseCB = ?

volume of base VB= 39.0 mL

Number of moles of acid = 1

Number of moles of base = 2

Given that;

CAVA/CBVB = NA/NB

CAVANB = CBVBNA

CB = 0.543 M * 72.1 mL * 2/39.0 mL * 1

CB = 2.01 M

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Answer:

In the third tube, the concentration is 0.16 ug/mL

Explanation:

In the first step, the solution is diluted by 5. Then, the concentration will be

20 ug/mL / 5 = 4 ug/mL

Then, in the second step this 4 ug / ml solution is diluted by a factor of five again:

4 ug /ml / 5 = 0.8 ug/mL

This solution is then diluted again by 5 and the concentration in the third tube will be then:

0.8 ug/mL / 5 = 0.16 ug/mL

Another way to calculate this is to divide the original concentration by the dilution factor ( 5 in this case) elevated to the number of dilutions. In this case:

Concentration in the third tube = 20 ug/mL / 5³ = 0.16 ug/mL

Answer:

n = 1.48 mol/s

Explanation:

ideal gas:

⇒ n = PV/RT

∴ T = 1.60 E2 °C = 160°C = 433 K

∴ R = 0.082 atm.L/K.mol

∴ P = 49.3 psig * ( atm/ 14.6959psig ) = 3.35 atm

∴ V = 940 L/min

⇒ n =  (( 3.35 )*( 940 )) / (( 0.082 )*( 433 ))

⇒ n = 88.813 mol/min * ( min / 60s )

⇒ n = 1.48 mol/s

Explanation:

Relation between molarity and molar mass is as follows.

             Molarity = [tex]\frac{mass}{\text{molar mass}} \times \frac{1000}{V (in ml)}[/tex]

It is given that mass is 1 mg/ml which is also equal to [tex]10^{-3}[/tex] g.

Molecular mass = 58 Da = 58 g/mol

Volume = 1 ml

Therefore, calculate molarity as follows.

         Molarity = [tex]\frac{mass}{\text{molar mass}} \times \frac{1000}{V (in ml)}[/tex]

                       = [tex]\frac{10^{-3}g}{58 g/mol} \times \frac{1000}{1 ml}[/tex]  

                       = 0.0172 molar

It is known that 1 molar equals 1000 millimolar.

So,               0.0172 molar = [tex]0.0172 molar \times \frac{1000 millimolar}{1 molar}[/tex]

                                          = 17.2 millimolar

Thus, we can conclude that the concentration of given solution is 17.2 millimolar.

Answer:

The correct option is: A. H₂SO₄

Explanation:

Acid is a charged or a neutral molecule that is a proton donor and electron pair acceptors.

Acids can be classified into monoprotic acids and polyprotic acids.

Monoprotic acids are the acids that can release only one proton on dissociation.

Whereas, polyprotic acids are the acids that can release more than one proton on dissociation.

Diprotic acid is a type of polyprotic acid that can release two protons on dissociation. Example: H₂SO₄

A diprotic acid is an acid that contains two ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule. Among the provided options, H2SO4 or sulfuric acid is such a diprotic acid. It ionizes in two stages, forming sulfates and hydrogen sulfates.

The question asks about which of the given substances is a diprotic acid. Diprotic acids are those that contain two ionizable hydrogen atoms per molecule, which can release two protons or hydrogen ions. The ionization (release of protons) occurs in two steps: the first ionization generally takes place to a greater extent than the second.

By examining the chemical formulas of the options provided, we can identify H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid) as a diprotic acid. The ionization process works as following:

A significant attribute of diprotic acids like sulfuric acid is that they form both sulfates (e.g., Na2SO4) and hydrogen sulfates (e.g., NaHSO4).

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Answer:

A. The liquid propane in a gas grill burns in a flame.

Explanation:

Chemical changes is the change which occur when the substance combines with the another to form a completely new substance.

Considering Options B, C and D, the identity of each specie is not changed but the state is changed and thus, these are physical changes.

On the other hand, Option A, when propane is being burnt in the flame , it changes to gas and its identity is lost. Thus, is a chemical change.

The correct answer to the student's question is A, as the burning of liquid propane in a gas grill is a chemical process that results in the formation of new substances, which is the definition of a chemical change.

The student's question pertains to identifying a chemical process from a list of options. To differentiate between physical and chemical changes, we recall that a physical change is a change in the state or form of a substance without changing its chemical composition, whereas a chemical change results in the formation of one or more new substances with different properties.

Therefore, the correct answer to the question is option A, where the burning of liquid propane in a gas grill is a chemical process resulting in new substances.

Answer:

Maximum number of bonds each of the elements can form:

C: 4 bonds, H: 1 bonds, O: 2 bonds, N: 3 bonds, B: 3 bonds, S: 4 bonds.

Explanation:

The elements C, O, S and N follows the octet rule which establishes that every atom must have eight valence electrons to be stable. Thus, Carbon has 4 valence electrons, so could link 4 atoms. Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons, so could link 3 atoms. Oxygen and Sulfur have 6 valence electrons, so could link 2 atoms. Hydrogen and Boron are exceptions to the octet rule, therefore, the first one only needs 2 valence electron to be stable and the second one only needs 6 valence electron to be stable.

Final answer:

The number of covalent bonds an element can form generally corresponds with its group on the periodic table and its need to complete an octet, except for hydrogen which needs only two electrons. Group 4A elements like carbon form four bonds, Group 5A like nitrogen three, and Group 6A like oxygen and sulfur two. Boron typically forms three bonds but can form compounds or ions to achieve stability.

Explanation:

The number of covalent bonds an element can form is often related to its group number on the periodic table and its need to complete an octet of valence electrons. For example:

Carbon (C) is in group 4A, has four valence electrons, and tends to form four covalent bonds.

Hydrogen (H) needs two electrons for a full outer shell, so it forms one covalent bond.

Oxygen (O) is in group 6A with six valence electrons and forms two covalent bonds.

Nitrogen (N) is in group 5A, has five valence electrons, and forms three covalent bonds.

Boron (B) usually forms three covalent bonds, leaving it with six valence electrons.

Sulfur (S) is able to form two covalent bonds like oxygen, due to its position in group 6A.

Elements such as boron are unique in their bonding behaviors, often forming compounds or ions in order to achieve a more stable configuration, such as in the borohydride anion (BH4-). Transition elements and inner transition elements, with their d and f electrons, don't always follow the octet rule and can have variable bonding capacities.

Answer: Concentration of the chemist's sodium chloride solution is 34.4 mol/L.

Explanation:

Molarity of a solution is defined as the number of moles of solute dissolved per Liter of the solution.

[tex]Molarity=\frac{n\times 1000}{V_s}[/tex]

where,

n= moles of solute

[tex]V_s[/tex] = volume of solution in ml

Given : moles of [tex]NaCl[/tex] = 6.89

volume of solution = 200 ml

Putting in the values we get:

[tex]Molarity=\frac{6.89\times 1000}{200}=34.4mol/L[/tex]

Thus the concentration of the chemist's sodium chloride solution is 34.4 mol/L.

Answer:

The unit of A must be 'atm', and the units of B and C must be 'atmxK'.

If a system is at steady state it means the properties do not vary over time.

Explanation:

The units of pressure must be atm, bar, Pa or mmHg. If we use the atm unit the result of the equation should be the pressure in 'atm'. Thus, the unit of A must be 'atm', and the units of B and C must be 'atmxK'. So, If we replace the equation with the temperatures (T) in Kelvin (K) the result will be in 'atm'.

[tex]P (atm) = A(atm) + \frac{B(atm.K)}{T(K)} + \frac{C(atm.K)}{T(K)}[/tex]

Problem 2: If a system is at steady state it means the properties do not vary over time. This is the definition of a steady state. Also, every particular steady state will define their own properties but each steady state will no vary their properties over time.

Answer:

Quantum mechanical atomic model.

Explanation:

The first model of electronic configuration was given by Bohr's model.

The most accurate model of electronic configuration is the quantum mechanical atomic model.

Bohr's model has various limitations:

1. It does not explain the Zeeman effect and stark effect.

2. It is not valid for multi-electron system.

3. Heisenberg uncertainty principle is not followed by this model

The quantum mechanical atomic model explains all the four quantum numbers for the electronic configuration of an atom in the periodic table.

The quantum mechanical atomic model considered the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.

Answer:

Quantum mechanical atomic model.

Explanation:

The atom model given by quantum mechanics is the most modern, precise and complex, based on the mathematical form of the atomic structure.

Quantum theory states that matter has properties associated with waves, which is why the atom model was based on this theory. The so-called “Uncertainty Principle” states that the electron has no exact position in the electrosphere, no definite speed and direction. This is why the Bohr atom, with electrons spinning in circular orbits, is surpassed by the quantum model.