A 135 g sample of carbon disulfide requires 43.2 kj of heat to vaporize completely. what is the enthalpy of vaporization for carbon disulfide?
a. 1.77 kj/mol
b. 24.4 kj/mol
c. 76.2 kj/mol
d. 0.320 kj/mol
e. 3.13 kj/mol

For the reaction a(g) + 2b(l) = 4c(g) + d(g), the equilibrium constant expression using partial pressures, Kp, is Kp = (Pc)^4 (Pd) / (Pa).

To write the equilibrium-constant expression, Kp, for the reaction a(g) + 2b(l) = 4c(g) + d(g), we apply the principles of equilibrium for gases. Kp is an equilibrium constant calculated from partial pressures of gas-phase reactants and products at equilibrium. The liquids are not included in the Kp expression since their activities are considered constants under standard conditions and do not affect the equilibrium of gases.

The general form of an equilibrium constant expression for a reaction is Kp = (Pc)c (Pd)d / (Pa)a (Pb)b, where P represents the partial pressure of each gas, the lower-case letters right below the P are the chemical species, and the upper-case letters indicate the stoichiometric coefficients from the balanced equation.

Using the reaction given, we write the Kp expression as follows:

Kp = (Pc)4 (Pd) / (Pa)

Note that in our Kp expression, we do not include B since it is in the liquid state.

Final answer:

To determine the actual yield of ammonia gas, convert the mass of nitrogen gas to moles, calculate the theoretical yield using stoichiometry, and then apply the percent yield. The actual yield for a 68.2% percent yield from 2.00 kg of nitrogen is 1658.41 g NH3.

Explanation:

To calculate the actual yield of ammonia gas (NH3) production from nitrogen (N2) and hydrogen (H2) gases when given the percent yield and mass of nitrogen gas, we'll first need to convert the mass of nitrogen to moles, then calculate the theoretical yield of ammonia based on stoichiometry, and finally use the percent yield to find the actual yield.

Step-by-step Calculation:

Calculate moles of nitrogen: Molecular weight of N2 is 28.02 g/mol. 2.00 kg of N2 is 2000 g. Moles = 2000 g / 28.02 g/mol = 71.38 mol N2.

Using the balanced chemical equation (N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3), we see the stoichiometry is 1:2 for nitrogen to ammonia. So, moles of NH3 = 2 moles NH3/mole N2 × 71.38 mol N2 = 142.76 mol NH3.

Convert moles of NH3 to grams: Molecular weight of NH3 is 17.03 g/mol. The theoretical yield in grams = 142.76 mol NH3 × 17.03 g/mol = 2431.89 g NH3.

Calculate actual yield using the percent yield: Actual Yield = Percent Yield / 100 × Theoretical Yield = 68.2% / 100 × 2431.89 g = 1658.41 g NH3.

Therefore, the actual yield of ammonia when starting with 2.00 kg of nitrogen gas and a percent yield of 68.2% is 1658.41 g.

Answer;

-past temperatures

The ratio of oxygen-16 and oxygen-18 isotopes in plankton fossils in deep-sea sediments can be used to determine past temperatures.

Explanation;

-O-16 will evaporate more readily than O-18 since it is lighter, therefore; during a warm period, the relative amount of O-18 will increase in the ocean waters since more of the O-16 is evaporating.

-Hence, looking at the ratio of O16 to O18 in the past can give clues about global temperatures.

To find the number of atoms in 0.530 g of P2O5, you calculate the number of moles by dividing by the molar mass and then multiply by Avogadro's number, resulting in approximately 2.25 × 1021 atoms.

To determine the number of atoms in 0.530 g of P2O5, we need to calculate the number of moles and then multiply by Avogadro's number (6.022 × 1023 atoms/mol). The molecular weight of P2O5 is found by adding the atomic weights of its constituent atoms: 2P (2 × 30.973761 amu/atom) + 5O (5 × 15.9994 amu/atom), which gives us approximately 141.94 amu. Since molar mass is the mass of one mole of a substance, we can say P2O5 has a molar mass of about 141.94 g/mol.

Now, to find moles, we divide the given mass by the molar mass:
0.530 g / 141.94 g/mol = 0.00373 mol.
Next, we multiply the moles by Avogadro's number to get the total atoms:
0.00373 mol × 6.022 × 1023 atoms/mol = 2.25 × 1021 atoms.

The given reaction of metallic sodium with sulphur involves two electrons which are lost  from two sodium atoms and gained by the sulphur atom. Thus sodium atom oxidizes from 0 to +1 and sulphur reduces from 0 to -1.

A redox reaction involves oxidation of one reactant species and reduction of other species. The species which loss or donate electrons are oxidized to higher oxidation states whereas, the species which gain one or more electrons are reduced to lower oxidation states.

Metals are electron rich and will lose electrons easily to a non-metal during chemical bonding. Here the valency of sulphur is two thus it needs to gain 2 electrons. One sodium donate one electrons and thus two sodium atoms are needed to react with sulphur.

The oxidation reaction here is :

[tex]\rm 2 Na \rightarrow 2Na^{+} + 2 e^{-}[/tex]

Reduction of sulphur is written as:

[tex]\rm S + 2e ^{-} \rightarrow S^{2-}[/tex]

Therefore, the number of electrons involved in this oxidation -reduction reaction is 2.

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To convert atoms of magnesium to moles, divide the given number of atoms by Avogadro's number. For 1.2×10^24 atoms it results in 1.99 moles of magnesium.

To convert 1.2×1024 atoms of magnesium into moles, we use Avogadro's number, which is 6.022×1023 atoms per mole. This conversion factor allows us to change the number of atoms into moles since one mole of any substance contains Avogadro's number of atoms, ions, or molecules.

Therefore, 1.2×1024 atoms of magnesium is equal to 1.99 moles of magnesium.

The number of moles of tin needed to react with 8.4 moles of hydrogen fluoride are 4.2 Moles. It can be founded with the help of limiting reagent concept.

The limiting reactant (or limiting reagent) is the reactant that gets consumed first in a chemical reaction and therefore limits how much product can be formed.

Given Balance Chemical Equation ;

                                Sn (s)  +  2 HF (g)   →    SnF₂ (s)  +  H₂ (g)

According to Equation,

                      2 Moles of HF requires  =  1 Mole of Sn

Therefore,

                8.4 Moles of HF will require  =  X Moles of Sn

Solving for X,

                           X  =  (8.4 mol × 1 mol) ÷ 2 mol

                           X  =  4.2 Moles of Sn

Hence, The number of moles of tin needed to react with 8.4 moles of hydrogen fluoride are 4.2 Moles.

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Answer:

C  

Low frequency                                     High frequency

Long wavelength                                 Short wavelength

Low radiant energy                              High radiant energy

Explanation:  

I took the k-12 4.04 quiz, let me know if I am wrong.

The electromagnetic spectrum is the distribution of electromagnetic radiation. The third image's low frequency, wavelength, and radiant energy are correctly labeled.

An electromagnetic wave spectrum is the distribution of electromagnetic radiations based on frequency and wavelength. In electromagnetic radiation, energy is given by Planck's constant and frequency.

Also, the relation between the frequency and the wavelength is given as,

[tex]\nu = \rm \dfrac{c}{\lambda}[/tex]

From these relations, it can be said that the frequency is directly proportional to energy, and is inversely proportional to the wavelength.

Therefore, if on the left side low frequency, low radiant energy, and long-wavelength are present then, on the right side opposite will be observed.

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When 48.6 g of water vaporizes at its boiling point (100.0 °C), the change in the entropy is 0.292 kJ/K.

First, we will calculate the change in the enthalpy (ΔH) when 48.6 g of water vaporizes considering the following relationships.

[tex]\Delta H = 48.06 g \times \frac{1mol}{18.02g} \times \frac{40.7kJ}{mol} = 109kJ[/tex]

Then, we will convert 100.0 °C (T) to Kelvin using the following expression.

[tex]T = K = \° C + 273.15 = 100.0\° C + 273.15 = 373.2 K[/tex]

Finally, we will calculate the change in the entropy (ΔS) for this process using the following expression.

[tex]\Delta S = \frac{\Delta H }{T} = \frac{109kJ}{373.2K} = 0.292kJ/K[/tex]

When 48.6 g of water vaporizes at its boiling point (100.0 °C), the change in the entropy is 0.292 kJ/K.

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The molecule 2,2-dimethyl-4-propyloctane has five secondary carbons which are those bonded to two other carbon atoms.

The hydrocarbon 2,2-dimethyl-4-propyloctane belongs to the class of alkanes, characterized by single bonds between carbon atoms. This molecule consists of an 8-carbon chain (octane), with three side branches: two methyl groups (-CH3) on the second carbon and a propyl group (-CH2-CH2-CH3) on the fourth carbon. When identifying secondary carbons, which are carbon atoms bonded to two other carbon atoms, it becomes evident that 2,2-dimethyl-4-propyloctane contains five secondary carbons.

The two carbons on either end of the main chain don't fit the criteria of secondary carbons as they are bonded to only one other carbon atom. The five secondary carbons are as follows: two from the main chain (excluding the ends); two found at the ends of the propyl branch; and one where the methyl branches connect to the main chain.

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Final answer:

The internal energy (u) of one mole of air at 35°C is approximately 6400 J when calculated using the ideal gas law and assuming air is a diatomic gas.

Explanation:

The internal energy (u) of one mole of air on a very hot summer day, which is 35°C, can be estimated using the ideal gas law and the concept of heat capacity at constant volume (Cv). To find the internal energy, we must convert the given temperature to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the Celsius temperature, which gives us 308.15 K (35°C + 273.15). Air is typically considered to be a diatomic molecule, particularly for dry air, which mainly consists of nitrogen and oxygen molecules. The approximate molar heat capacity at constant volume (Cv) for a diatomic gas like air is about 5R/2, where R is the universal gas constant (8.314 J/(mol·K)). Therefore, the internal energy (U) of one mole of air at this temperature is U = Cv × T = (5/2) × R × T. Plugging in the numbers, we get U = (5/2) × (8.314 J/(mol·K)) × (308.15 K). This would yield an internal energy of approximately 6412.5 J, which can be rounded to 6400 J to two significant figures.

The rock and roll station at [tex]107.0 MHz[/tex] has higher energy photons with approximately [tex]\(7.09 \times 10^{-26}\) joules[/tex]

The opera station at [tex]90.5 MHz[/tex] has lower energy photons with approximately [tex]\(5.99 \times 10^{-26}\) joules.[/tex]

To determine which radio station's signal has longer wavelengths and which has higher energy, we need to use the relationships between frequency, wavelength, and energy for electromagnetic waves.

1. Wavelength

The wavelength (\(\lambda\)) of a wave is related to its frequency ([tex]\(f\)[/tex]) and the speed of light ([tex]\(c\)[/tex]) by the equation:

[tex]\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \][/tex]

Where:

[tex]\(c\)[/tex] is the speed of light ([tex]\(3 \times 10^8\) meters per second[/tex]).

[tex]\(f\)[/tex] is the frequency of the wave.

Opera Station ([tex]90.5 MHz[/tex])

Frequency: [tex]\(90.5 \times 10^6\) Hz[/tex]

[tex]\[ \lambda_{\text{opera}} = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{90.5 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz}} = \frac{3 \times 10^8}{90.5 \times 10^6} = 3.31 \, \text{meters} \][/tex]

Rock and Roll Station ([tex]107.0 MHz[/tex])

Frequency: [tex]\(107.0 \times 10^6\) Hz[/tex]

[tex]\[ \lambda_{\text{rock}} = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \, \text{m/s}}{107.0 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz}} = \frac{3 \times 10^8}{107.0 \times 10^6} = 2.80 \, \text{meters} \][/tex]

The opera station at [tex]90.5 MHz[/tex] has a longer wavelength of approximately [tex]3.31 meters[/tex].

The rock and roll station at [tex]107.0 MHz[/tex] has a shorter wavelength of approximately [tex]2.80 meters[/tex]

2. Energy

The energy ([tex]\(E\)[/tex]) of a photon is related to its frequency ([tex]\(f\)[/tex]) by the equation:

[tex]\[ E = h f \][/tex]

Where:

[tex]\(h\)[/tex] is Planck's constant ([tex]\(6.626 \times 10^{-34}\) Joule seconds[/tex]).

[tex]\(f\)[/tex] is the frequency of the wave.

Opera Station ([tex]90.5 MHz[/tex])

[tex]\[ E_{\text{opera}} = 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js} \times 90.5 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz} = 5.99 \times 10^{-26} \, \text{J} \][/tex]

Rock and Roll Station ([tex]107.0 MHz[/tex])

[tex]\[ E_{\text{rock}} = 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \, \text{Js} \times 107.0 \times 10^6 \, \text{Hz} = 7.09 \times 10^{-26} \, \text{J} \][/tex]

Answer:

Geiger counter and scintillation counter

Explanation:

The Geiger counter was invented by Hans Geiger in 1908 to measure the levels of radiation in bodies and the environment, so it is one of the indispensable equipment for the inspector to detect radiation leaks in a nuclear power plant. It contains a tube with argon, which ionizes by being crossed by alpha and beta particles of radiation, closing the electric circuit and triggering the counter.

Similarly, a scintillation detector is an apparatus used to detect ionizing radiation. When something in the environment has been reached by radiation, this detector emits a small ray of light, indicating the radiation contamination.

Answer:

A. Geiger counter and scintillation counter

Explanation:

Answer:

Two nonmetals with the same electronegativity will form a non polar covalent bond.

Explanation:

The type of bond between atoms is classified in 3 big groups:

Apart from that, depending on the electronegativity difference, the covalent bonds are clasified in polar and non polar:

- Polar covalent bond: the difference of electronegativity is important but less than an ionic bond (between 0 and 2).

- Non polar covalent bond: this occurs when the atoms forming bonds have the same electronegativity.

So, analyzing the statement, if we have two nonmetals it is a covalent bond, and if the two nonmetals atoms have the same electronegativity the bond will be non polar.

The amount of the excess reactant remaining after the limiting reactant is consumed can be found by subtracting the amount used in the reaction from the initial amount, using stoichiometry to calculate these values.

To determine the amount of the excess reactant remaining after the limiting reactant is completely consumed, you will need to perform some calculations. First, it is necessary to determine which reactant is the limiting one. This can be done by comparing their mole ratios in the balanced chemical equation. Then, you should calculate the amount of product that the limiting reactant can make.

Next, you can use the stoichiometry of the reaction to figure out how much of the excess reactant was needed to react with the limiting reactant. Subtract this from the total amount of the excess reactant present at the start to get the amount remaining, expressed in grams. Remember that your answer should be reported to two significant figures.

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Answer :  The total number of molecules in 0.5 mole of sample of He gas are, [tex]3.011\times 10^{23}[/tex]

Explanation : Given,

Moles of sample of He gas = 0.5 mole

As we know that,

1 mole of gas contains [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of molecules of gas

As, 1 mole of He gas contains [tex]6.022\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of molecules of He gas

So, 0.5 mole of He gas contains [tex]0.5\times (6.022\times 10^{23})=3.011\times 10^{23}[/tex] number of molecules of He gas

Therefore, the total number of molecules in 0.5 mole of sample of He gas are, [tex]3.011\times 10^{23}[/tex]

When a strong monoprotic acid is Titrated with a weak base at 25° ;

A monoprotic acid donates only a single proton in a titration experiment therefore at the equivalence point in an experiment involving the reaction between the strong monoprotic acid with a weak base, all the base ions will react, while the strong acid will have some unreacted ions  ( H⁺) left in the solution.

The unreactive protons of the strong monoprotic acid present in the solution will make the solution acidic therefore the pH of the solution will be less than 7 at the equivalence point.

Hence we can conclude that when a strong monoprotic acid is titrated with a weak base at 25°, the pH will be less than 7 at the equivalence point.

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Final answer:

In a titration of a monoprotic strong acid with a weak base, the pH will be less than 7 at the equivalence point because the conjugate acid of the weak base will slightly ionize, rendering the solution acidic at this point.

Explanation:

When titrating a monoprotic strong acid with a weak base at 25°C, the pH at the equivalence point will be less than 7. This is because the reaction at the equivalence point produces the conjugate acid of the weak base, which slightly ionizes in solution, contributing to an acidic pH. As outlined in resources such as LibreTexts, the equivalence point's pH depends on the strength of the acid and base involved in the titration. In the case of a strong acid with a weak base, the solution will be acidic because the weak base is not strong enough to fully neutralize the strong acid. Therefore, the correct answer to the question is a. pH will be less than 7 at the equivalence point. It is also important to note that the number of moles of base and acid required to reach the equivalence point depends solely on their stoichiometry and not on their strength, meaning one mole of acid will react with one mole of base to reach the equivalence point.

Answer is: the freezing point of the solution of glucose is -1.26°C and boiling point is 100.353°C.
m(H₂O) = 455 g ÷ 1000 g/kg = 0.455 kg.
m(C₆H₁₂O₆) = 55.8 g. 

n(C₆H₁₂O₆) = m(C₆H₁₂O₆)÷ M(C₆H₁₂O₆).
n(C₆H₁₂O₆) = 55.8 g ÷ 180.16 g/mol.
n(C₆H₁₂O₆) = 0.31 mol.
b(solution) = n(C₆H₁₂O₆) ÷ m(H₂O).
b(solution) = 0.31 mol ÷ 0.455 kg.
b(solution) = 0.68 mol/kg.
ΔTf = b(solution) · Kf(H₂O).
ΔTf = 0.68 mol/kg · 1.86°C·kg/mol.

ΔTf = 1.26°C.
Tf = 0°C - 1.26°C = -1.26°C.

ΔTb = b(solution) · Kb(H₂O).

ΔTb = 0.68 mol/kg · 0.52°C·kg/mol.

ΔTb = 0.353°C.

Tb = 100°C + 0.353°C.

The boiling point of the solution is 100.35 °c.

We know that;

ΔT = K m i

ΔT = freezing point depression

K = freezing constant

m = molality

i = Van't Hoff factor

Hence;

ΔT =  1.86°c kg/mol × 55.8 g/180 g/mol × 1/0.455 × 1

ΔT = 1.27 °c

Freezing point = 0 - 1.27 °c = - 1.27 °c

For boiling point;

ΔT = K m i

ΔT = 0.512 o c kg × 55.8 g/180 g/mol × 1/0.455 × 1

ΔT = 0.35 °c

Boiling point = 100 +  0.35 °c = 100.35 °c

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To find the  moles equivalent to 2.50x10²⁰ atoms of Fe, you divide the given number of atoms by Avogadro's number (6.022x10²³ atoms/mole). This yields approximately 0.415 moles of Fe.

To calculate the number of moles equivalent to 2.50x10²⁰ atoms of Fe (Iron), you can use Avogadro's number, which is 6.022x10²³ atoms/mole. Let's divide the given no. with Avogadro's number. Let's do the computation:

2.50x10²⁰ atoms Fe * (1 mol Fe / 6.022x10²³ atoms Fe) = ~0.415 moles of Fe

This means that 2.50x10²⁰ atoms of Fe is equivalent to 0.415 moles. Avogadro's number is a fundamental constant in chemistry and is used to convert between the atomic scale and macroscopic scale.

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2.50x10^20 atoms of Fe are equivalent to approximately 4.15x10^-4 moles. This is calculated by dividing the number of atoms by Avogadro's number (6.022x10^23 atoms per mole).

To calculate how many moles are equivalent to 2.50x10^20 atoms of Fe, we use Avogadro's number, which states that one mole of any substance contains 6.022x10^23 elementary entities (like atoms). Therefore, to convert the number of atoms to moles, we divide the number of atoms by Avogadro's number.

In this case, (2.50x10^20) / (6.022x10^23), which equals approximately 4.15x10^-4 moles of Fe.

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