A expresses dna that has been derived from another species. 2. dna that has been altered to contain genes, or portions of genes, from different organisms is known as . 3. a , which is found naturally in bacteria, cuts dna at a specific nucleotide sequence. 4. is the use or alteration of organisms, cells, or biological molecules to produce food, drugs, or other goods. 5. is a technique used to quickly synthesize billions of copies of a specific segment of dna. 6. in a process known as , bacteria take up pieces of dna from their surroundings.

Plants that reproduce through self-fertilization and produce offspring that are identical to the parents are referred to as true-breeding.

Plants that reproduce through self-fertilization and produce offspring that are identical to the parents are referred to as true-breeding. This means that the plants have certain traits that are consistently passed down to their offspring.

An example of true-breeding plants is when a red-flowered plant always produces red-flowered offspring. These plants are genetically identical to the parent and are homozygous for that specific trait (such as flower color).

This concept is important in genetics and helps scientists understand patterns of inheritance and traits in populations.

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Infiltration is the process by which surface water becomes groundwater, involving the seeping of water into the soil and rocks, eventually recharging the groundwater stores beneath the Earth's surface.

The process by which surface water becomes groundwater is called infiltration. This process involves the seeping of water on the ground surface into the soil and rocks. The water then moves through the pores and spaces in the soil or rock, thereby recharging the groundwater stores that lie beneath the Earth's surface. This entire process plays a significant role in the water cycle.

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Answer:

The correct answer is option D, continue to expand and cool

Explanation:

The concept of expanding universe was first time discovered by Einstein's theory . The solutions obtained through his relativity theory has red shifting of light when they come from distant objects travelling all through the expanding universe. Further in 1929, it was proved by Edwin Hubble that universe is expanding when he plotted the curve between the red shift against the relative distance.  

Form this it was further linked that  due to expansion of universe there can be effect of red shift in the spectrum of the light as the wavelength would have become longer than earlier  which would lead to decrease in temperature associated with spectrum and thus the universe keep on cooling continuously as it expands continuously.  

Answer:

The correct answer would be B.  cell membranes.

Fluid mosaic model is one of the models which explains the structure of functional cell membrane.

It explains cell membrane as the mosaic structure made up of components like phospholipid, proteins, cholesterol, and carbohydrates which provide the cell membrane a fluid nature.

Phospholipids are the prime component of the lipid bilayer. Proteins are embedded in the lipid bilayer structure and serve different functions like cell signaling.

The source of bacteria in the culture tube in model 1 is from a swab of a desktop. Moreover, there are four variants in the E. coli culture from the initial swab and the variants of E.coli found on the dish grown with triclosan are evolution and selection.

Final answer:

The bacteria in a culture tube model often come from a specimen from the body, with the number of genetic variants determined by colony morphology on a streak plate. After 3 hours, a culture of 1000 E. coli with a 30-minute generation time would grow to around 64,000 bacteria. Detailed drawings or images of streak plates help in observing microbial growth and identifying distinct colony morphologies.

Explanation:

The source of the bacteria in the culture tube in model 1 is typically obtained from a specimen swabbed from a region of the body, such as the skin, and transferred to a culture medium. The number of genetic variants of E. coli in the culture from the initial swab can be determined by observing the different types of colonies that form on a streak plate. These colonies display various aspects of colony morphology such as shape, size, color, and texture, which can help identify different bacterial strains.

When starting with a culture of 1000 E. coli bacteria with a generation time of 30 minutes, one would expect the number of bacteria to increase exponentially as each bacterium divides. After 3 hours, which is 6 generation times (3 hours / 0.5 hour per generation = 6 generations), the number of bacteria would be expected to increase by a factor of 26, or 64 times, resulting in a total population of around 64,000 bacteria (1000 initial bacteria × 26).

During a microbiology lab exercise, students are often instructed to make detailed drawings or take images of their plates, describe the colonial morphology, and use streak-plate techniques to isolate and obtain pure cultures. Streak plating helps dilute the sample to achieve isolated colonies, where each colony usually represents the growth of one bacterial cell. This method allows the oldest section of the streak plate to generally have the most growth, while the newest streaked section has the least.

Final answer:

The pharynx is the structure that serves both respiratory and digestive functions by conducting air for breathing and allowing food passage for digestion.

Explanation:

The structure that has both respiratory and digestive functions is the pharynx. This tube-like structure conducts air between the nasal cavity and larynx for the respiratory system, and it permits the passage of swallowed food from the oral cavity to the esophagus for the digestive system. The importance of the pharynx in facilitating both air movement for respiration and the safe passage of food and liquid for digestion exemplifies its dual functionality.

Regarding the order of structures encountered by air entering the body, they are as follows: nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and then alveoli. The cardiovascular system is essential to the respiratory system because it circulates blood, allowing for the transfer of gases; oxygen is picked up by the blood in the lungs and carbon dioxide is expelled.

Dynamic equilibrium receptors are located in the semicircular canals of the inner ear. They keep track of our balance by sensing head rotations in three planes or axes and guiding our body to react accordingly.

The Dynamic equilibrium receptors, also known as vestibular receptors, are located in the semicircular canals of the inner ear. These receptors help maintain our body's balance by sensing rotational movements of the head.

Essentially, when you move your head, the fluid in these canals shifts, stimulating the dynamic equilibrium receptors and signaling the brain about the movement and the direction it has occurred.

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Hemoglobin is an iron-containing protein in red blood cells that can bind up to four oxygen molecules, facilitating their transport from the lungs to our body's tissues. The binding of oxygen to hemoglobin forms a bright red molecule called oxyhemoglobin. Hemoglobin's ability to bind and carry oxygen is crucial for our body's functioning.

Hemoglobin is a crucial iron-containing protein found in red blood cells, or erythrocytes. It is composed of four subunits: two alpha and two beta, each surrounding a heme group. The heme group, containing iron, is the site where oxygen binds. Each hemoglobin protein can bind up to four oxygen molecules, facilitating their transport from the lungs to the body's various tissues.

Through the reversible reaction Hb + O₂ → HbO₂, the end product, oxyhemoglobin (HbO₂), is created when oxygen binds to hemoglobin. Oxyhemoglobin is a bright red-colored molecule, giving oxygenated blood its distinct color. Overall, it is the capacity of hemoglobin to bind and carry oxygen that ensures our body's tissues receive the oxygen they need to function.

The binding of oxygen to hemoglobin can be influenced by multiple factors and conditions, including disease states which can affect the attachment and detachment rate of oxygen from hemoglobin.

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The answer is sympatric speciation. This kind of speciation occurs within  a population whose individuals live freely across the habitat and are not separated by any geographical feature. Speciation occurs due to behavioral isolation such as in this case, sexual selection.  

move his left arms, hands and fingers (loss of fine movements and strength of some body parts)

The frontal lobe is the part of the brain which is located at the front of the skull above the eyes. The right frontal lobe is associated with awareness of emotions and non-verbal abilities. Patients with right frontal lobe damage exhibit loss of fine movements and strength of the arms, hands and fingers which is due to the disturbance of motor function.

The pylorus is the region of the stomach that adjoins the small intestine and is controlled by the pyloric sphincter.

The area of the stomach that adjoins the small intestine is known as the pylorus. The pylorus is a funnel-shaped region that connects the stomach to the duodenum, which is the first part of the small intestine. There are two parts to the pylorus: the wider pyloric antrum, which connects to the body of the stomach, and the narrower pyloric canal, which leads into the duodenum. Located at the pyloric canal is the pyloric sphincter, a ring of smooth muscle that controls the emptying of stomach contents into the small intestine.

In medicine, metagenomics is significant in maintaining human health by understanding the metagenomics of the gut microbiome. In agriculture, understanding the microbiome in the soil is significant in improving crop production. In the generation of biofuels, metagenomics is important in identifying microbial communities that can turn organic matter into fuels.