Answer: C
Explanation:
Study island
Answer:C) Which type of light bulb burns the longest?
Explanation:The prettiness of light bulb cannot be directly measured. The question "Which type of light bulb is preferred by moms?" and the question about catching light bulbs are not related to scientific concepts about light or light bulbs. The best scientific question is, "Which type of light bulb burns the longest?"
Think about the following items: a candle flame, a balloon floating in the air, and bubbles blown from a bubble wand. Describe characteristics that could indicate life in these items, and characteristics that show they are not alive.
Answer:
The living things are characterized by seven factors which includes movement, metabolism, respiration, sensitivity, growth, Excretion, nutrition and reproduction. The characteristics which indicates life in given items are as follows:
1. A candle flame: When we light the candle, the size of the flame is small and it grows as the wax melts.
2. Balloon floating in the air: As the balloon is floating it shows movement.
3. Bubbles blown from a bubble wand: It shows growth as well as movement.
The characteristic that shows that they are not alive include none of the three items performs excretion, metabolism and they are not made up of cell.
Though a candle flame, a balloon, and bubbles show some life characteristics like response to environment and growth, they lack the essential traits of life like reproduction, evolution, homeostasis, and the presence of cell structure. Therefore, these objects are not considered alive.
Explanation:When considering the items in question: a candle flame, a floating balloon, and bubbles blown from a wand, it's important to understand the key characteristics of life: order, sensitivity or response to the environment, reproduction, adaptation, growth and development, regulation/homeostasis, energy processing, and evolution. All these attributes together define life.
An evident characteristic representing life in these items could be the response to stimuli or the environment. For instance, a candle flame flickers responding to the air currents, a balloon floats as it is filled with helium, showing adaptation to the surrounding air density, and bubbles show growth as they are blown larger from the wand. These are aspects of sensitivity to environment and growth.
However, the noted objects are nonliving as they lack the majority of life's crucial traits. They don't reproduce, evolve over time, or maintain homeostasis on their own. Neither do they have cell structure - a fundamental trait of life. Hence, these objects are not considered alive despite their adaptability and responses to changes in the environment.
Learn more about Characteristics of Life here:https://brainly.com/question/32868787
#SPJ3
In which biome would you be most likely to enjoy leaves changing color in the fall?
Answer:
Temperature Forest
Explanation:
s a researcher in a protein lab, you analyze two different proteins for their shape and the amino acids they contain. Your results show that the two proteins have exactly the same numbers and types of amino acids, but they have different shapes. What is the best explanation for these results?
Answer:
The two proteins may have exactly the same numbers and types of amino acids but the sequence of the amino acids along their polypeptide chain may be different and that is reason enough for them to have different shapes. Amino acids side groups differ in polarity, charges, shape, and size and will determine how the polypeptide folds at local regions within the protein - based on interactions with other local regions within the same chain - or with another chain of a tertiary protein. This is due to the fact that the interactions between amino acid side groups of a polypeptide influence, for example, the number and positions of hydrogen and disulfide bonds within the protein.
Final answer:
The difference in shape between two proteins with identical amino acid types can be attributed to the sequence of the amino acids. This sequence determines the three-dimensional structure, thus affecting the protein's function as shape is closely linked to function.
Explanation:
The two proteins with the same numbers and types of amino acids but different shapes can be explained by the concept that the sequence of amino acids determines a protein's final shape. Proteins fold into complex three-dimensional structures as a result of the interactions between their constituent amino acids. This principle is fundamental in understanding that even though two proteins may have the same types of amino acids, the order in which these amino acids are linked – their sequence – dictates how the protein folds and what shape it ultimately assumes. It's also worth noting that even a single change in amino acid sequence can result in a significantly different folding pattern, leading to a different protein shape and thus different function. Shape determines function; therefore, proteins with different shapes will have different functions, even if they're made from the same set of amino acids.
acoording to the cell theory what do these four organisms have in common
Answer: they are made of one or more cells
Explanation:
I took a test on this a week ago
10 POINTS
______ are easier to work with than reality and can be manipulated.
A. Computers
B. Experiments
C. Observations
D. Models
Hi friend. Here is your answer:
A.Computers
Hope it helps you! :)
For sediment to be transformed into rock, which set of processes must take place?
Answer:
Step 1: weathering of pre-existing rocks Step 2: Transport the weathering rocks Step 3: Desposition of the rocks Step 4: Compaction Step 5: Cementation for the sediment to form a rock.
Explanation:
Answer:
For sediments to be converted into rocks, initially a rock body or a source rock must be weathered as a result of which these broken materials are produced. This broken rock fragments are then transported from one place to another by the agents such as wind, water and ice. This materials are deposited at a different place where they are subjected to compaction and lithification, resulting in the formation of a clastic sedimentary rock.
The word 'clastic' refers to the broken rock fragments.
For example, shale, sandstone, conglomerate and breccia.
Question 1
In a research study of medication, group A is given medication and group B is given a sugar pill. Which type of group is B?
experimental group
control group
Explanation:
group b. is called the control group. it is important to compare the 2 groups for any similarities. this determines if the medications in group a are working like intended. to keep track of side effects w/group a..
Final answer:
In the described medication study, group B is given a sugar pill and serves as the control group. This group sets a baseline for comparison against the effects of the medication provided to the experimental group.
Explanation:
In a research study of medication where group A is given the actual medication and group B is given a sugar pill (placebo), group B would be classified as the control group. The control group receives a placebo to set a baseline for comparing the effects of the medication given to the experimental group. This methodology ensures that any effects observed can be attributed to the medication itself, rather than other factors such as psychological effects of thinking one is receiving treatment.
"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that _____
Answer:
Energy cannot be destroyed or created, it is instead transferred.
"Conservation of energy" refers to the fact that energy can neither be created nor destroyed.
What does that mean?This means that energy is always renewing itself.This means that energy is inexhaustible.The principle of conservation of energy is present in Newton's first law and refers to the fact that energy, as a generalized concept, cannot be completely depleted, cannot be created from anything, but is in a constant process of renewal and transformation.
Learn more about the law of conservation of energy:
https://brainly.com/question/14867641
#SPJ6
Do animal and plant organisms have the same life processes?
Answer:
All living things must produce offspring like themselves in order for their species to survive. This is the process known as reproduction. Plants produce seeds that give rise to new plants of the same species. Animals lay eggs or have babies.
Explanation:
Plants and animals both go through the same basic life processes, such as breathing, growth, nourishment, transportation, reproduction, and excretion.
What is basic life process?The processes necessary for an organism to survive and that mold its propensities for interacting with its environment are referred to as life processes.
The persistence and evolution of living forms include numerous chemical reactions and other events, which are the building blocks of biological processes.
Any time a life process is modified in terms of frequency, rate, or extent, it is said to be under regulation. An organism's internal life processes can serve as bioindicators as well.
There are numerous ways to control life processes, such as altering the expression of genes, altering proteins, or interacting with proteins or substrate molecules.
Therefore, animal and plant organisms have the same life processes.
Learn more about Life processes here:
https://brainly.com/question/12523536
#SPJ2
A skateboarder begins going down a ramp with an initial velocity of 1.0 m/s. After 3 seconds, her speed
has increased to a final velocity of 4.0 m/s. Calculate her acceleration.
Answer:
1.0 m/s
Explanation:
Final answer:
To calculate the skateboarder's acceleration, use the formula [tex]a = (v_f - v_i) / t[/tex]. The skateboarder's acceleration is found to be 1.0 m/s² over 3 seconds.
Explanation:
The subject of this question is Physics, specifically within the context of kinematics, which is the study of motion without considering the causes of motion (like forces). To calculate the acceleration of the skateboarder, we can use the formula for constant acceleration:
[tex]a = (v_f - v_i) / t[/tex]
where a is the acceleration, [tex]v_f[/tex] is the final velocity,[tex]v_i[/tex]is the initial velocity, and t is the time over which the acceleration occurs. In this problem, the initial velocity (v_i) is given as 1.0 m/s, the final velocity [tex](v_f)[/tex] is 4.0 m/s, and the time (t) is 3 seconds. Plugging these values into the formula gives:
a = (4.0 m/s - 1.0 m/s) / 3 s = 3.0 m/s / 3 s = 1.0 m/s²
Therefore, the skateboarder's acceleration is 1.0 m/s².
Explain why chemists
refer to the joining of monosaccharides molecules to form disaccharides as a "dehydration
synthesis" reaction. (aka: condensation reaction).
Final answer:
The joining of monosaccharides to form disaccharides is called dehydration synthesis because it involves the removal of a water molecule as a new glycosidic bond forms between the sugar molecules.
Explanation:
Chemists refer to the joining of monosaccharides molecules to form disaccharides as "dehydration synthesis" or a "condensation reaction" because during this process, a molecule of water (H₂O) is released. This happens when the hydroxyl group (-OH) of one monosaccharide combines with the hydrogen atom (H) of another, resulting in the formation of a covalent bond known as a glycosidic bond or glycosidic linkage. These bonds can be alpha or beta type, which differ in the orientation of the OH group on the first glucose's carbon-1, affecting the shape and properties of the resulting disaccharide. This reaction is also known as a condensation reaction because it involves the synthesis of a larger molecule from smaller subunits.
Final answer:
A dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction is how chemists describe the formation of disaccharides from monosaccharides, where water is eliminated, and a glycosidic bond is formed.
Explanation:
Chemists refer to the joining of monosaccharides to form disaccharides as a dehydration synthesis or condensation reaction because this process involves the removal of water (H₂O). During this reaction, the hydroxyl (OH) group from one monosaccharide combines with a hydrogen (H) from another monosaccharide, which results in the release of a water molecule and the formation of a covalent bond known as a glycosidic bond. Glycosidic bonds, essential in the structure of disaccharides, can be either alpha or beta, determining the molecule's shape and properties. For instance, the disaccharide lactose is formed from the monosaccharides glucose and galactose, while sucrose is formed from glucose and fructose.
What is true about the lagging strand during DNA replication?
A.
It is synthesized before the leading strand.
B.
It has the same sequence as the leading strand.
C.
It is synthesized in the 5′ to 3′ direction.
D.
It contains Okazaki fragments.
It is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction.
Answer:
D. It contains Okazaki fragments.
Explanation:
DNA polymerase only synthesizes a new DNA strand in the 5 ’→ 3’ direction. On the one hand, the new tape can be made continuously, from the outside to the inside (from the open end to the bottom of the fork), on the other side the synthesis must be done from the inside to the outside. That is why the tape made in this way is called discontinuous tape or lagging atrand.
This lagging strand is initially formed by fragments of DNA, known as Okazaki fragments. Every time a sufficiently long stretch of single stranded DNA is available, the synthesis of a new Okazaki fragment begins, from the inside of the fork to the outside.
Which of the following statements does not explain what a geneticist, someone who specializes in genetics, does?
A) performs experiments on pea plants to determine how self- and cross-pollination occur
B) studies a family's history to identify who carries the trait for a genetic disorder C)identifies new genetic disorders
D) researches ways scientists can better track trait inheritance
The incorrect statement about what a geneticist does is A) performs experiments on pea plants to determine how self- and cross-pollination occur, as this describes Gregor Mendel's historical work, not a typical activity of modern geneticists.
The statement that does not explain what a geneticist does is: A) performs experiments on pea plants to determine how self- and cross-pollination occur. This task was specifically performed by Gregor Mendel in the 19th century and forms the historical basis of the field of genetics. Modern geneticists conduct a wide range of activities that include studying familial histories for genetic disorders, identifying new genetic disorders, and researching how traits are inherited, but they do not typically engage in mendelian pea plant experiments as a primary activity.
Geneticists specialize in the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics. They conduct experiments and investigations that may build upon Mendel's principles, but do not often replicate his historic pea plant experiments unless for educational purposes. Instead, their work tends to utilize advanced techniques and technologies to understand complex genetic interactions and their implications on health and disease.
Which of the following hereditary conditions is characterized by excessive sebum production?
Acne
Heart disease
Sickle cell anemia
Type 1 diabetes
Answer:
Sorry this is a late response but I got Acne im not sure if its right though as I was looking for the answer and then the guy didnt give the right answer. gl!
Explanation:
Answer:
acne
Explanation:
took the test
the possibility of down syndrome increases as the mother's age increases because
The probability of the chance for getting the Down's syndrome is high as the maternal age increases because of the age related discomfort abilities.
Explanation:When problem arises in the cell division of the chromosome number 21, it leads to a syndrome called as Down's syndrome. If both partners involved in reproduction process are healthy and fit, the zygote formation happens in a positive manner.
As per the condition given, if the maternal age increases, the possibility for the fetus to get affected with Down's syndrome because as the age increases, the body related activity starts to reduce. The chance for an elder woman to conceive a kid with Down's disorder increment with age on the grounds that more aged eggs have a more serious danger of inappropriate chromosome division.
E lements are _____.
Answer:
A chemical element is a type of atom with the same number of protons in their atomic nuclei.
Explanation:
For an example, the atomic number of Chlorine is 17, and there is 17 protons in Chlorine.
If you have any questions feel free to ask in the comments.
The substances which cannot be separated are called elements.
Explanation:An element is a type of particle having a similar number of protons in their nuclear cores. For instance, the nuclear number of oxygen is 8, so the component oxygen comprises all iotas which have 8 protons.
One hundred eighteen elements have been recognized: the initial 94 happen normally on Earth, and the rest 24 are manufactured ones. There are 80 components that have at any rate one stable isotope and 38 that have solely radionuclide, which rot after some time into different components.
Which of these best represents a fatty-acid molecule?
Answer:
its answer A
Explanation:
A fatty acid molecule is a long chain of hydrocarbons with a carboxyl group. They can be saturated (single bonds only, 'saturated' with hydrogen) or unsaturated (contains at least one double bond). These fatty acids form a key part of fat molecules like triglycerides, bonding with glycerol through an ester bond.
Explanation:A fatty acid molecule is best represented as a molecule that consists of a long chain of hydrocarbons to which a carboxyl group is attached. This long hydrocarbon chain ranges from 4-36 carbons, with 12-18 carbons being the most common. The fatty acid is hydrophobic due to its long hydrocarbon chain. There are two types of fatty acids, saturated fatty acids that contain only single bonds and have the greatest number of hydrogen atoms possible, making them 'saturated' with hydrogen; and unsaturated fatty acids that have at least one double bond and therefore fewer hydrogen atoms.
Fatty acids are a crucial part of a fat molecule, such as a triglyceride, which additionally consists of glycerol. Here, the fatty acids are bonded to the glycerol molecule's carbons via an ester bond through an oxygen atom, releasing three water molecules during this bond formation.
A common example of a fatty acid is palmitic acid, a saturated fatty acid derived from the palm tree. Another example is alpha-linolenic acid which is an omega-3 fatty acid that possesses three cis double bonds and a curved shape.
Learn more about Fatty Acid here:https://brainly.com/question/13528495
#SPJ3
Why is the demand for environmental scientists and specialists expected to increase? (Site 1
Answer:
The demand of natural researchers and specialist would elevate on account of the need to screen the quality of the environment, to examine the effect of human activities on land and water ecosystems, and to create techniques for reestablishing environments.
Explanation:
What's more, natural researchers will be expected to enable planners to create and develop buildings, transportation halls, and utilities that ensure water assets and reflect productive and gainful land use.
There will be extra interest for new ecological researchers to supplant the individuals who resign, advance to the executive positions, or change professions.
2. What does it mean for a molecule to diffuse down a concentration gradient?
A molecule diffuses down its concentration gradient by moving from one region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration.
The diffusion of a molecules down the concentration gradient means the movement of molecules takes place from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration.
What is Concentration gradient?Concentration gradient is the difference in the concentration of a molecule between two regions. Concentration gradient is the force which is responsible for the movement of molecules through the cell.
Transport through cell membrane takes place by two mechanism: Passive and Active. In passive transport, the energy is not required as the movement of molecules occurs down the concentration gradient. The molecules moves from the region of higher concentration to the region of lower concentration through the membrane, thus energetically favorable.
Learn more about Concentration gradient here:
https://brainly.com/question/13050811
#SPJ2
Which job title describes a person with a career in natural resources
Answer:
Natural resource professional are those individuals who involves themselves in the career of natural resources. They ensure to grow as much crop as possible and make it available to the people.
They not only involve themselves in producing agricultural goods but also ensure to look after and conserve and protect the water bodies, soil, wildlife, forests etc.
They can also work in conserving the natural resources available. They help in managing and policy development for the sustainable use of resources so that it is available to future generations.
Answer: environmental scientist
Explanation:
Why does adenine always pair with thymine and guanine always pair with cytosine? What two factors determine the base pairing rule?
a, b, c, or d?
certain hydrogen bonds are formed so that A goes with T and G with C
which events caused the oceans to form
Answer:
About 3.8 billion years ago, the water condensed into rain which filled the basins that are now our oceans. According to this theory, the ocean formed from the escape of water vapor and other gases from the molten rocks of the Earth to the atmosphere surrounding the cooling planet.
What would you call one of those small, hand-held rakes used for gardening?
Answer:
do you mean a watering pot/can?
If three times a number increased by 4, the result is -8
Answer:
The original number is -4.
Explanation:
Let the original number be n.
Next, three times the number is equal to 3n.
Then, increased by 4 means 4 is added.
Hence, three times a number increased by 4 equals -8 is written in the equation form as shown below.
=> 3n + 4 = -8
=> 3n = -8 + (-4)
Since the number, 4, goes on the other side of the equal sign, the number positive 4 changes its sign and becomes negative 4, as shown above.
=> 3n = -8 -4
=> 3n = -12
=> n = -12/3
=> n = -4
Checking the above solution.
Three times the number is equal to 3 * (-4) = -12.
The above product when increased by 4 gives the equation as shown.
-12 + 4 = -8.
The result is -8.
This result is same as the result mentioned in the given question, -8.
Hence, the answer that -4 is the original number is correct.
Why does the rate of cellular respiration decrease quickly at temperatures higher than 40°C? Enzymes that perform cellular respiration denature. Glucose becomes much less soluble in the blood. Mitochondria transition to the anaerobic respiration process. Perspiration interferes with the cells’ ability to metabolize lipids.
Answer: Enzymes that perform cellular respiration denature.
Explanation:
Cellular respiration is a process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy in the form of ATP. This process requires the involvement of several enzymes that catalyze the various biochemical reactions involved in cellular respiration. Enzymes are highly specific in their function and are sensitive to changes in temperature and pH.
At higher temperatures above 40°C, the enzymes involved in cellular respiration become denatured, which means that the three-dimensional structure of the enzyme is disrupted. This leads to the loss of its catalytic activity, and the process of cellular respiration cannot proceed at the same rate as before.
Denaturation occurs because the heat breaks the weak bonds that hold the protein structure together, causing the enzyme to lose its shape and function. Once the enzyme is denatured, it cannot catalyze the chemical reactions of cellular respiration effectively, and the rate of cellular respiration decreases quickly.
Therefore, it is important for cells to maintain a relatively constant temperature to ensure that the enzymes involved in cellular respiration can function optimally.
Final answer:
Enzymes that perform cellular respiration denature at temperatures above 40°C, leading to decreased cellular respiration rates. High temperatures cause enzymes to lose their shape and functionality, resulting in inefficient ATP production and a shift to less efficient energy production processes like fermentation.
Explanation:
The rate of cellular respiration decreases quickly at temperatures higher than 40°C primarily because the enzymes that drive the many reactions involved in this process begin to denature. Enzymes are proteins that speed up biochemical reactions, and they have a specific shape important for their function. High temperatures can disrupt the three-dimensional structure of these enzymes, resulting in the loss of their active site and therefore their activity. When these enzymes denature, the efficiency of cellular respiration drops and the cell cannot produce ATP as effectively.
It is also observed that at higher temperatures, such as above 37°C in yeast cells, there is a shift from respiration to partial fermentation. This shift occurs because the increased temperature leads to a decrease in the specific activities of enzymes, constraining metabolism, and when total protein concentration reaches its limit, which cannot increase enzyme activity further, glycolysis becomes more efficient for ATP production despite yielding less ATP per mole of glucose compared to respiration.
While cells can tolerate slight increases in temperature to a certain extent, extreme temperatures, particularly above a threshold of around 40-45°C, can be lethal as enzymes stop functioning correctly. At these elevated temperatures, other physiological changes can also occur, such as altered solubility of gases in blood, which could affect oxygen availability but this is less immediate compared to enzyme denaturation, which has a direct impact on cellular respiration rates.
The combined gradient that affects ions like potassium and their potential to diffuse across the cell membrane
is described as _________?
A. passive
B. extracellular
C. electrochemical
Describe what happens when a keynote species is removed from an ecosystem
Answer:
Removal of keynote species from an eco-system can lead to the existence of the system in danger.
Explanation:
There are certain keynote species in the eco-system which has an important role to play in the survival of other species. The removal of these species can put the eco-system in danger. The keynote species helps to maintain the ecosystem by keeping it in harmony.
An ecosystem may cease to exist or can be taken over by a completely different kind of species by breaking the direction of the system if one of its keynote species is removed.
Keynote species can be divided into three groups by scientists-
(i) Predators: helps in controlling the population of the prey species by affecting the numbers of plants and animals in the food web, like- tiger sharks
(ii) Ecosystem engineers: an organism that creates or demolishes a club of species, like- beaver and
(iii) Mutualists: The interaction of two or more species for their own benefit, such as- bees.
Krypton is named after the Greek word that means “secret.” Which explains why krypton was most likely given this name? Krypton is a halogen, so it is a secret element because it is always part of a compound and is difficult to find by itself. Krypton is a halogen, so it should be kept secret because it is so reactive and toxic. Krypton is a noble gas, so it was difficult for chemists to find it, as though it was a secret. Krypton is a noble gas, so it secretly bonds with every type of element without showing it.
Answer:
Krypton is a noble gas, so it was difficult for chemists to find it, as though it was a secret
Explanation:
Krypton is a noble gas and this demand it has full orbital electron shells (2.8.18.8 or [Ar].3d¹⁰.4s².4p⁶). They, therefore, do not have an affinity for gaining or losing an electron hence rarely react with other elements. They were therefore hard to discover by early chemists because there were no known compounds of this gas and other noble gases. This is why the name ‘hidden’.
Answer:
Explanation:
on edgenuty its c
Which physical change is represented by the diagram below?
Answer:
The answer to your question is deposition
Explanation:
In the picture we can see that molecules are moving fast and after a process they move slower, they change from a gas to a solid state.
a) condensation this answer is wrong because condensation is transformation of vapor into gas and does not happen in this picture.
b) deposition this is the correct answer
c) evaporation matter changes from liquid to gas, then this answer is wrong.
d) sublimation matter changes from solid to gas in the picture happens the opposite.
Deposition physical change is represented by the diagram below. Hence the correct option is b.
The diagram illustrates a scenario where 200 g of water is poured into a beaker, and the choice of deposition aligns with the process depicted. Deposition is the transformation of a substance from a gas directly to a solid without passing through the liquid phase. In this context, as the water vapor is poured into the beaker, it undergoes deposition and changes directly into a solid state, forming ice in the beaker. This interpretation is consistent with the physical change described in the diagram, where the water undergoes a phase transition without first becoming a liquid.
This scenario contrasts with more common phase changes, such as evaporation or condensation, where a substance transitions between the liquid and gas phases. Deposition skips the liquid phase altogether, and the water vapor converts directly into solid ice particles. This portrayal in the diagram captures a distinctive aspect of phase transitions, highlighting the diversity of physical changes that can occur in different conditions and contexts. The comprehension of deposition in this scenario adds depth to our understanding of the intricacies of phase changes and the versatile behaviors of matter. Hence the correct option is b.
For more questions on Deposition
https://brainly.com/question/28927402
#SPJ2
What are the 3 different shapes, or structures, or carbon base molecules?
The three different shapes of carbon-based molecules are linear chains, cyclic structures, and combinations of both, with geometry influenced by types of carbon-to-carbon bonds and molecular arrangement.
Explanation:The three different shapes or structures of carbon-based molecules are linear chains, cyclic (ring) structures, and combinations of both. These structures can be seen in various hydrocarbon compounds. For instance, methane (CH4) has a tetrahedral geometry with four hydrogen atoms equidistant from one another, creating a three-dimensional structure critical for the molecule's function. When it comes to the types of carbon-to-carbon bonds, single bonds allow rotation along the bond axis, leading to flexible structures; double bonds result in a planar configuration (as in ethene), and triple bonds create a linear configuration (as in ethyne).
Additionally, the carbon atoms in diamond form a three-dimensional network with each carbon atom connected to four others in a tetrahedral structure. In graphite, carbon atoms form layers of hexagonally connected sheets, with each layer having weak interactions with adjacent layers. Different molecular geometries such as linear, bent, trigonal pyramidal, trigonal planar, and T-shaped also affect molecular shape, as seen with various molecules and polyatomic ions comprising a central atom bonded to two or three other atoms.