Answer:
Extinction
Explanation:
In classical conditioning, the term extinction refers to the disappearance of a previously learned behavior.
Extinction usually happens when the behavior stops being reinforced or the individual goes through a process of 'unlearning' the behavior by starting making new associations until the original behavior does not longer appears.
In this example, Jimmy got bitten by one dog and he started being scared of dogs, thus, this is a learned behavior that he has. However, he was exposed to dogs in safe settings and his fear has faded now: Jimmy went through a process in which he 'unlearned' the behavior of fear and now this fear has faded.
Therefore we can conclude that this is an example of Extinction.
Although 15-year-old Darnell does not yet make many independent decisions, he is relying more on himself and less on his parents for support and guidance. Darnell is developing the __________ component of adolescent autonomy
A) behavioral
B) cognitive
C) emotional
D) ethical
Answer:
C). Emotional
Explanation:
Darnell decisions are base on emotion.
Answer:
Emotional
Explanation:
DARNELL is developing the Emotional component of adolescent autonomy because he is beginning to develop the component of adolescent whereby they rely more on their emotions to make decisions for themselves rather than on other people's judgement and emotions like that of his parents. when Adolescents are approaching their young adulthood they develop strong emotions and tend to want to make more independent decisions and also relying on themselves and less on others like their parents
psychodynamic family cognitive group humanistic behavioral to heal family relationships to help clients eliminate harmful thought patterns and replace them with positive ones to help clients become aware of unconscious conflicts and defense mechanisms to help clients replace harmful behaviors with beneficial ones to help clients fulfill their potential for personal growth to provide support while also improving social skills in a cost-effective manner
Answers and explanation below.
The correct answers are:
Psychodinamic therapy is intended to make conscious the unconscious. To let the pacient become aware of his/her own reppresions and accept them.
So it is paired with: To help clients become aware of unconscious conflicts.
Family therapy is intended to aid people in the relationships with their family teaching them about boundaries, empathy, mindfulness and family management.
So it is paired with: To heal family relationships.
Cognitive therapy helps indivuals to modify certain thought patterns that causes them dysfunctional feelings and behaviors.
So it is paired with: To help clients eliminate harmful thought patterns and replace them with positive ones.
Group therapy aims to provide a sense of social support to individuals in order for them to feel part of a non-judgemental social group and also they tend to be therapies on the cheapier side.
So it is paired with: To provide support while also improving social skills in a cost-effective manner.
Humanistic therapy is aimed at people that want to find meaning in their life or may have an existential crisis. It helps people fin their true purpose in life and fulfill their potential.
So it is paired with: To helps clients fulfull their potential for personal growth.
Behavior therapy goal is to modify the clients behavior that may be detrimental to them with healthier ones.
So it is paired with: to help clients replace harmful behaviors with beneficial ones.
________ is the theory that most people hate to watch others suffer, so the ultimate goal of their help is not to aid the person in need for their own sake, but to reduce the helper's own distress.
Answer:
negative-state relief model
Explanation:
According to the negative-state relief model human beings have an inborn need to reduce or avoid any situation that causes a person's mood to become negative. A person might do something that seems helpful but is doing so to help themselves as the other person might be happy because of the help and thank the person.
The statement here describes the case where a person might help another person in order to reduce their own distress.
Hence, it describes the innate negative-state relief model.
Ajay is a fifth-grade student who is considered to be a bully at school by other students and the principal because he constantly hits and kicks other boys on the playground. Ajay tends to use _____ bullying.
Answer: Physical bullying
Explanation:
Here, in this particular case we can state that Ajay is using physical bullying. Physical bullying is referred to as bullying under which an individual uses his/her body and also the physical bodily action in order to exert the power and authority over others. Physical action such as punching and kicking etc. are all referred to as kind of physical bullying.
The believed in a loose construction of the constitution. what do you call this believe in?
Loose constructionism is a judicial philosophy that supports a broad interpretation of the U.S. Constitution, facilitating flexibility and adaptation to new challenges, in contrast to strict constructionism, which favors a narrow reading based on the framers' original intent.
The belief in a loose construction of the Constitution refers to a judicial philosophy known as loose constructionism. This view advocates for interpreting the Constitution in a way that allows for a broader understanding of its textual provisions, thus adapting to changing public needs and circumstances. This stands in contrast to strict constructionism, which calls for a narrow interpretation of the Constitution's language, adhering closely to what is believed to be the original intent of its framers. Supporters of loose construction, such as the Federalists, argue that the Constitution should not hinder the ability of the federal government to respond to new challenges, hence its application should reflect a degree of flexibility. The applicability of loose constructionism has often been employed to support legislative and executive actions that extend the powers of the federal government beyond those explicitly outlined in the Constitution.
A police academy recorded the number of men and women who passed or failed their physical training test, which a cadet must pass to become a police officer. To identify if there were gender differences in the pass-fail rate on the physical training test, what type of statistical test should be computed?
A. independent samples t test
B. factorial ANOVA
C. chi square test of independence
D. one-way ANOVA
Every year Project Censored posts a list of the twenty-five most censored news stories. These stories are "censored" not in the sense that the media are legally prohibited from covering them but rather in the sense that most major media outlets have systematically ignored them and, in the process, determined what the public will think about. What theory explains this?
Answer:
Agenda-setting theory
Explanation:
Based on the information provided within the question it can be said that the theory that best explains this situation is Agenda-setting theory. This is a theory developed by Max McCombs and Donald Shaw, and describes how the media chooses the importance of certain topics of the public agenda. Which since they determined that the stories in this scenario were not important enough they were not shown and then considered censored.
Leo has recently studied the principle of reinforcement in his psychology class. He is now trying to teach his dog how to fetch a ball. Given what psychologists have learned about transfer, is Leo likely to use the principle of reinforcement in helping his dog learn to fetch?
A.) Only if he retrieves the principle of reinforcement when he is teaching his dog.
B.) Definitely no.
C.) Definitely yes.
D.) Only if he has previously learned the principle of reinforcement to automaticity.
Final answer:
Leo is likely to use positive reinforcement, such as treats or praise, to teach his dog to fetch if he recalls the principle of reinforcement from his psychology class. This demonstrates the transfer of learning from humans to animals, as per Thorndike's Law of Effect and Skinner's operant conditioning principles.
Explanation:
Leo, having recently studied the principle of reinforcement in his psychology class, is very likely to apply this concept while teaching his dog to fetch a ball. According to psychologist Edward Thorndike's Law of Effect, which specifies that behaviors followed by pleasant consequences are likely to recur, and B.F. Skinner's concept of operant conditioning, positive reinforcement increases the probability of a behavior by following it with a desirable outcome. Considering these principles of learning, if Leo retrieves the principle of reinforcement from his memory while training his dog, he would likely use positive reinforcement, such as offering treats or praise immediately after the dog fetches the ball, to strengthen the behavior. This is an application of continuous reinforcement, which Skinner noted is effective for quickly teaching new behaviors. Leo's successful application of what he learned in class to dog training demonstrates the transfer of learning.
Migration to the Americas occurred sometime around 15,000 yBP. The Paleoindians are the group of people associated with the earliest archaeological sites found there. Identify the behaviors of the Paleoindians.
In the end, glacial events of the late age of Pleistocene era Paleo-Indians are the first people to reach America and eventually live in it. Paleoindians hunted megafauna and created folsom points.
Explanation:
The greater importance of the Crowfield location is the first proof of the ceremonial behaviour of Paleo-Indian in North-East America.
From a settlement perspective, this ceremonial deposit is considered a religion, not a religious cache.
They hunted big animals like elephants, giraffes, etc and created shaped stone projectile points with respect to the folsom tradition of North America. The raw materials used to create the folsom are of high quality.
In Ontario, the few surveyed sites in the Crowfield population have created montages with few unaffected instruments that could represent hunting camp.
Just 80 sqm of the Crowfield portion on Alder Creek indicates the small size of these locations and thus the poor archaeological spotting is partly due.
Knowing his last days were near, Harrison chose to die at home. He was clear-minded during his final hours, allowing him to review his life and say farewell. Like Harrison, about 20 percent of people experience a gentle death. about 25 percent of people experience a long and drawn-out death. most Americans die at home. most people experience a quick, agony-free death.
Answer:
The correct answer: a) Like Harrison, about 20 percent of people experience a gentle death.
Explanation:
Death is a natural process, which can happen due to different factors; these causes can be due to diseases, old age, accidents, environmental disasters, among others.
According to the causes of death of people can be divided into different types, one of its types is soft death.
The soft death is when the individual does not present physical sufferings; this can be due to old age or produced by the person's decision, the latter is known as euthanasia.
Euthanasia is performed through medical assistance to people with terminal medical conditions and aims to ensure that the patient does not continue to suffer pain.
In the case of Mr. Harrison, he has a soft death, enjoying his last days at home and with people important to him.
I hope this information can help you.
Essence started off as a nursing major, but then decided that this was not the right career path for her. She switched to her passion of social work after taking a course in sociology her first semester of college. According to Arnett, she is experiencing
a. positive instability
b. feeling in-between
c. moratorium
d. selective optimization with compensation
Answer:
D
Explanation:
selective optimization with compensation
In an analytic definition of religion, the study of the organization and leadership of a religious system represents the: Group of answer choices
social dimension
ritual dimension
institutional dimension
narrative dimension
Answer:
The answer is: institutional dimension.
Explanation:
There are different perspectives from which to study religion and its role in society, from an anthropologic sense. The analytic perspective and definition focuses on how religion is manifested in society; but there are several ways in which a religion can manifest itsel, therefore, the analytic definition is also segregated in different dimensions. Every religion has a social dimension as well as narrative, institutional and ritual dimension. The study of the organization of a particular religion, its leaderships, structure and bureaucracy, corresponds to the institutional dimension. There is a lot that can be learned from studying religious systems as institutions.
Final answer:
Religion is a social institution that includes the organization and leadership of a religious system. It is a cultural universal found in all societies and serves basic social needs and values.
Explanation:
Religion is a social institution that encompasses the organization and leadership of a religious system. Social scientists recognize religion as an organized set of beliefs, behaviors, and norms that serve basic social needs and values. It is a cultural universal found in all societies and includes rituals, ceremonies, and social structures that provide a framework for religious practice.
The U.S. Congress enacted the CAN-SPAM Act in 2003. This act:
a. limits advertisers from sending more than one ad per month per email address.
b. does not view sending multiple spam emails with the use of a hijacked computer as an offense.
c. prohibits the use of false or misleading subject lines on emails used for advertising.
d. requires spammers to register with the Federal Trade Commission.
Answer:
c. prohibits the use of false or misleading subject lines on emails used for advertising.
Explanation:
The U.S. Congress enacted the CAN-SPAM Act in 2003 and this act covers a number of key aspects related to spamming like unsubscribe, content, and sending behavior. Under the Content compliance application mechanisms, the act clearly prohibits the use of false or misleading subject lines on emails used for advertising. The act directs that the subject line on email should be related to the body content of the email and that the relevance between the subject line and email content should be clearly identifiable.
People who reach the ________ level of stress feel burned out; they are fatigued
Answer:
distress
Explanation:
Distress is an aversive, negative state in which mechanisms of coping and adjustment refuse to return an individual to homeostasis of physiology and/or psychology.
Impairment development may be due to a serious or persistent stressor or multiple accumulated negative attacks with harmful effects on the health of the individual.
Today, the central notion of public relations is the model of two-way interaction between an institution and its publics.
A. True.
B. False.
Answer:
A
Explanation:
Totally TRUE
In which part of the family life cycle, do sociologists point to as the most stressful time for a marriage?A. The engagement periodB. The first year of marriageC. The birth of the first childD. The birth of the last child
According to sociologists, the most stressful time for a marriage in the family life cycle is "the birth of the first child." So, option (C) is the correct answer.
What is the most stressful part of marriage life??After children are born, marriage troubles become more common.
According to sociologists, mothers in marriages are more unhappy after having children because they tend to take on more "second shift" work – housekeeping and child care— and believe that their relationships are no longer fair.
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Final answer:
The most stressful time for a marriage, as identified by sociologists, is the birth of the first child, which marks a significant period of adjustment and introduces added financial and emotional pressures to the family dynamic.
Explanation:
Research from sources such as Popenoe and Whitehead (2007) points out that the most stressful time for a marriage is upon the birth of the first child. This phase in the family life cycle introduces significant financial and emotional strain. Marriages experience a radical shift as the couple's focus diverges to include the demands of parenting, and this stress can peak particularly for couples who have multiples (twins, triplelets, etc.), with a reported 17% higher likelihood of divorce among these couples compared to those with single births (McKay 2010).
In which disorder do people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement?
Answer:
Bipolar disorder
Explanation:
The disorder do which people alternate between states of lethargic hopelessness and wild overexcitement is bipolar disorder.
What is bipolar disorder?Extreme mood fluctuations, including extreme highs and lows in feeling, are signs of bipolar disorder which is a mental health disease. You can experience sadness or a lack of optimism and lose interest in or enjoyment of most activities.
The functioning of particular brain circuits and the activity of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters are thought to be issues that contribute to bipolar disorder, according to experts.
Although bipolar disorder is treatable, it typically persists and needs lifelong care. It can be combined with therapy to change the patient's behavior and helps them to act normally.
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Linda says she values education. Over the years she has had several employees who worked for her and earned their degrees at the same time. To support them, Linda allowed them to flex their daily work hours. In this example, Linda demonstrates_____________.
The correct answer would be, Integrity.
To support them, Linda allowed them to flex their daily work hours. In this example, Linda demonstrates integrity.
Explanation:
When a person is Honest, and has strong moral principles, he is said to have Integrity.
Honesty, Probity, Rectitude, etc, are all words for Integrity.
So when a person values honesty and applies it in his words and acts, he is said to be practicing integrity.
When Linda says he values education, and because of her this trait, she allows her employees to complete their education by flexing their work time, it means Linda has strong moral principles which let her allow the employees to complete their degrees while still working for her.
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According to psychologists, which of the following is one of the "4 Ds" of determining whether something is a mental disorder?
a. Deviant
b. dysfunction
c. distress
d. disturbance
Answer:
dysfunction
Explanation:
In what way do mass media play a role in socializing people?
A. They completely take over the family's role of teaching values.
B. They determine the rights of individuals.
C. They often portray the ideals of the larger culture.
D. They assume that messages from corporations are wrong.
Betty gets the mail at 4pm every day. Then she places the mail on the counter. Betty looks through the mail every Friday at 4:30 pm and it takes her 40 minutes to sort and file the week’s mail. If Betty wanted to decrease the time she spends every week looking through the mail, she should ________.
a. Wait until Friday to pick up the week’s mailb. Install a mechanical mail filterc. Go through the mail each day and sort itd. Put her mail pile in the office
Answer:
c. Go through the mail each day and sort it
Explanation:
Betty receives the mail at 4pm every day and then places it on the counter. One of the simplest ways to reduce the 40 minute time period required for sorting the mail on Friday, Betty can simply go through the mail when she receives it and then sort it in that very moment. She can keep tabs of the sorted emails on daily basis and will then only need to file them on Friday without any additional time for sorting. It is often best to complete tasks in parts then accumulate the work first and then perform it as it can be stressful.
Final answer:
Betty should sort her mail daily to decrease the weekly time spent on this task, thereby avoiding the pile-up and potentially reducing the time required for sorting. (option c)
Explanation:
If Betty wanted to decrease the time she spends every week looking through the mail, she should go through the mail each day and sort it.
This would not only spread the workload throughout the week but also prevent the pile-up of mail, which can be overwhelming and time-consuming to sort all at once.
By handling mail daily, she can immediately discard junk mail, file important documents, and keep her counter free of clutter.
Societal expectations affect the way people interpret intelligence. For example, in Western cultures, fluid intelligence is particularly valued. Which of the following most accurately characterizes fluid intelligence?
A. Wisdom: knowledge and experience accumulated by the individual
B. Ability to count money and perform other financial operations
C. Intuition: ability to predict or knowing without the use of rational processes
D. Ability to form concepts, think abstractly, and apply knowledge to new situations
Answer:D
Explanation:
Fluid intelligence is the capability to think rationally and logically to solve problems in new and unexpected situations which is independent of previous knowledge.
fluid intelligence involves think abstractly and identify the pattern and extrapolate the finding to derive logic from it.
For example when you encounter a new problem that is independent of your acquired knowledge then fluid intelligence comes in to play.
Alan and Ivan opened a kosher delicatessen, Main Court, which failed after barely a year in business. One supplier sued for overdue bills. Alan and Ivan will be liable to the supplier if the Main Court was which of the following types of organizations?
a. S Corporation
b. Limited Liability Partnership (LLP)
c. General Partnership
d. Close Corporation
Answer: (C) General partnership
Explanation:
The general partnership is one of the type of business organization that is established by the two and more than two owner. The general partnership is the arrangement of the assets, financial and the profit to the in the structure of the business.
In the business, choosing the partner is one of the important task as it is importance for the organization goals and the values.
The main advantage of the general partnership is that the business partners are not needed to pay the income tax.
Therefore, Option (C) is correct.
TriColor, Inc. purchased a piece of land from HBC, Inc. Hazardous waste was subsequently discovered on the land. Even though TriColor did nothing illegal, it may be liable under CERCLA for the cleanup costs.a.Trueb.False
Answer:
True
Explanation:
The full form CERCLA is Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act. It is most popularly known "Superfund" in the United States.
It is US federal law enacted in 1980 which works under the Environmental Protection Agency of the United State. It works to investigate and cleans the places that are contaminated with hazardous wastes contamination. It also funds such clearing activities of any hazardous wastes in the States.
In the context, the land that TriColor Inc. bought from HBC Inc. is contaminated with hazardous wastes and it is liable under CERCLA or the cleanup costs.
Hence the answer is TRUE.
As Salvatore grows older, he feels closer to his siblings and more connected with his spouse. At 85, his contact with acquaintances has diminished and he is left with a few very close relationships. He is not terribly interested in forming any new social ties. Salvatore s behavior is consistent with __________ theory." continuity activity disengagement socioemotional selectivity
Salvatore's behavior is consistent with socio-emotional selectivity theory .
Explanation:The theory that recognizes the change in terms of cognitive influence especially as one age. It maintains that with age people become selective and they tend to invest in goals and activities that nurture their emotional well-being. As people age, they prefer positivity instead of negative information.
Being selective and narrowing social interactions improves "positive emotional experiences" and decreases negative experiences. Furthermore, the theory also recognizes that goals as one age tend to lean towards gaining more knowledge, career planning and others that will have a positive impact in the future.
Professor Buchanan informed her colleagues about the various intercom systems she had investigated. She then recommended that the university purchase a particular system. What type of presentation did Professor Buchanan give?a.a case study b.a staff report c.a progress report d.a proposal
Answer:
The type of presentation that Professor Buchanan give was Proposal.
Option: (D)
Explanation:
Here, Professor Buchanan found some deep rooted information about a particular thing ( computer intercom system). She passed the information to the students and recommend the university should buy that intercom system. It was not any command or instruction. It was just a mere urge. Now it depends upon the University authorities whether they purchase it or not. Here, no reports regarding the progress is made (progress report), no report is ready for staff representation ( staff report) and no deep studies and evaluation is done (like the case study).Final answer:
Professor Buchanan's presentation, which included a recommendation for a particular system after investigating various options, is best classified as a proposal.
Explanation:
Professor Buchanan's presentation fits the characteristics of a proposal. The key aspects of a proposal include an introduction, discussing the problem, exploring possible solutions, addressing potential objections, and concluding with a recommendation.
Given that the professor informed the colleagues about the intercom system investigations and then recommended a specific system for purchase, it aligns with the steps of presenting a proposal where a specific solution is recommended after evaluating different options.
Fernando cannot stop worrying that a thief is going to break into his apartment, so he keeps checking the doors to make sure they are locked. fernando's worrisome thoughts about a break-in are a(n) ________. the fact that fernando checks the locks over and over is a(n) ________.a. compulsion; obsession.b. ritual; phobia.c. obsession; compulsion.d. phobia; ritual.
Answer: C
Explanation: The correct answers are Obsession and Compulsion.
The first one is related to invasive thoughts that appear at any time and make the person feel anguished and anxious; this obsessions are followed by a compulsion, meaning that the person will perform an act in order to calm down and counter their obsessions. Usually those rituals or compulsions are irrational and make the person feel unconfortable with it.
The correct answer is c. obsession; compulsion.
Fernando keeps checking the doors to make sure they are locked. Fernando cannot stop worrying that a thief is going to break into his apartment Fernando's worrisome thoughts about a break-in are a compulsion. The fact that Fernando checks the locks over and over is an obsession.
Explanation:The correct answer is c. obsession; compulsion. Fernando's worrisome thoughts about a break-in are an obsession, as he can't stop thinking about them. His repeated checking of the locks is a compulsion, as he feels compelled to perform this action to alleviate his anxiety.
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A cluster of very closely related flower species are found on an island chain in the South Pacific Ocean. It is likely that each species evolved to fit a different _____________ through the process of ________________.
A cluster of very closely related flower species are found on an island chain in the South Pacific Ocean. It is likely that each species evolved to fit a different niche environment through the process of Adaptive radiation
Explanation:
It is noticed that in islands closely related flower species are found in an island chain. This is because the species undergo a process called adaptive radiation. The species gets transferred from one immigrant population of one island to another through an evolutionary path followed by certain species of plants to spread wide.
They use different dispersal methods to establish their species in another island. They attract insects to visit and transfer their pollen. Likewise they follow many such strategies to produce an offspring that are very successful in getting accustomed to the new environment.
Final answer:
A cluster of closely related flower species on a South Pacific island chain likely evolved each to fit a different ecological niche through adaptive radiation, a process leading to a diversity of species each adapted to specific conditions.
Explanation:
A cluster of very closely related flower species found on an island chain in the South Pacific Ocean is likely each evolved to fit a different ecological niche through the process of adaptive radiation. This concept is similar to the observations made by Charles Darwin with finches in the Galapagos Islands, where a single ancestral species diversified into many species, each adapted to different dietary resources. In the context of flowers, this diversification could involve adaptations to attract specific pollinators or to thrive under different environmental conditions, as seen in reproductive isolation where certain flowers evolve distinct features to appeal to certain pollinators.
Island biogeography provides compelling evidence for evolution through adaptive radiation, demonstrating how geographical isolation and ecological opportunities allow a single species to evolve into many new species, each occupying a distinct niche. This process can lead to a rich biodiversity, especially on isolated island chains where species are adapted to the unique ecosystems found there.
In her persuasive speech, Martha spoke about the alleged espionage by the Chinese, and the possible theft of U.S. nuclear armament secrets. She got the audience to think about the possibility that China could one day rise up and use high-tech nuclear weapons against the United States. She challenged them to monitor Senate hearings on the problem and to get involved by writing or e-mailing their congress persons. What form of motivation did Martha successfully employ in her speech?
Answer:
a fear appeal.
Explanation:
The term fear appeal in psychological context motivates people to obtain a particular behavior by arousing a feeling of threat or fear. In case of a fear appeal, threat is used to stimulate fear arousal and a particular action is taken in reducing the state of fear. It appeals to a vulnerable threat but does not suggest a solution or a protective measure.
Martha in the above case, used fear appeal to motivate the Congress to take action for a potential threat or risk.
With _____, a person pays attention to the feelings, thoughts, and sensations that are flowing through his or her mind but does so with detachment and objectivity and, most important, without judgment.
Answer:
mindfulness meditation
Explanation:
The mindfulness meditation is the practice of becoming aware of our feelings, thoughts, body sensations and our surroundings with a guided means to achieve inner peace.
In a meditative setting, the body releases stress and harming states of mind like anxiety or depression.
As mindfulness becomes a means for the brain and nervous systems to give a pause to the day that will ultimately increase our conditions for work and health.
As meditating regularly, we will become stress resilient, and by focusing on the here and the now, we will achieve better overall performance.
The diseases are less likely to occur among those who daily meditate.
And better control of emotions, as well as better insight and control of our lives can be achieved with the practice of other means called conscious meditation.