BIO 203 Although the chromatin structure of interphase and mitotic chromosomes is very compact, DNA-binding proteins and protein complexes must be able to gain access to the DNA molecule. Chromatin-remodeling complexes provide this access by ___.

Answers

Answer 1

Answer:

Altering the extent of DNA supercoiling.

Explanation:

Chromatin Remodeling complexes provides access of transcriptional and regulatory activities to the DNA by changing the chromatin structure which is done by altering the extent of DNA supercoiling. Altering the extent of DNA supercoiling will give rise to a loose chromatin structure that the transcriptional and regulatory activities machinery can have access to. They include factors such as histone chaperones, histone modifying enzymes and ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes.

Such mechanisms which the chromatin undergo include reconstruction: where nucleosomes undergo some compositional changes using special histone variants etc; enzyme induced covalent modification: which include acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation etc of histone tails; repositioning: such as histone chaperones mediating removal of histone from chromatin.

Answer 2

Chromatin-remodeling complexes provide access to DNA by using the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move nucleosomes. The correct option is a. using the energy of atp hydrolysis to move nucleosomes.

Chromatin-remodeling complexes play a crucial role in regulating gene expression by altering the structure of chromatin, allowing access to DNA-binding proteins and protein complexes. Here's how they achieve this:

ATP Hydrolysis: Chromatin-remodeling complexes utilize the energy from ATP hydrolysis to disrupt histone-DNA interactions and reposition nucleosomes along the DNA strand.

Nucleosome Movement: By physically sliding, ejecting, or restructuring nucleosomes, these complexes create regions of accessible DNA for transcription factors, RNA polymerases, and other regulatory proteins.

Modulating Histones: Some complexes can modify histone proteins directly, altering their interactions with DNA or with other histones, thereby influencing chromatin structure and gene accessibility.

Recruitment of Enzymes: Chromatin-remodeling complexes may recruit additional enzymes, such as histone acetyltransferases or histone methyltransferases, to further modify chromatin and regulate gene expression.

Dynamic Regulation: Through these mechanisms, chromatin-remodeling complexes dynamically regulate gene expression in response to cellular signals and environmental cues.

Complete question:- Although the chromatin structure of interphase and mitotic chromosomes is very compact, dna-binding proteins and protein complexes must be able to gain access to the dna molecule. chromatin-remodeling complexes provide this access by:

a. using the energy of atp hydrolysis to move nucleosomes.

b. modifying the n-terminal tails of core histones.

c. denaturing the dna by interfering with hydrogen-bonding between base pairs.

d. recruiting other enzymes.

e. cutting the sugar-phosphate backbone of one strand of dna.

The correct answer to the question is that chromatin-remodeling complexes provide access to the DNA molecule by altering the position of nucleosomes along the DNA strand.


Related Questions

Why are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars called the "terrestrial" planets? A. They are all made of rock. B.They have all been able to support some form of life. C.They all have solid cores. D.They all have liquid cores and rocky surfaces.

Answers

Answer:

"A" is the answer.

Explanation:

Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called the "terrestrial" planets as they are all made of rock. The correct option is A.

What are terrestrial planets?

A terrestrial planet, also known as a telluric planet or rocky planet, is one that is mostly made up of silicate rocks or metals.

The terrestrial planets recognized by the IAU are the inner planets closest to the Sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars.

The planets Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are referred to as terrestrial because their surfaces are compact and rocky, similar to Earth's terra firma. The terrestrial planets are the solar system's four innermost planets.

Pluto's configuration (ice, rock, and frozen gases), changing atmosphere, small size, relatively large moon, and elliptical orbit around the Sun distinguish it from the terrestrial and Jovian planets.

Thus, the correct option is A.

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Denticulate ligaments are thickenings of _________ that extend and fuse with the ______ and inner surface of the _____a.arachnoid materb.dura materc.pia mater

Answers

Answer:

* ARACHNOID MATER

*DURA MATER

*PIA MATER

Explanation:

denticulate ligaments are bilateral extensions of pia mater that thickening the component of collagen of pia mater.It anchors the spinal cord to the dura mater.They are produced by the pia mater of the spinal cord.They provide stability to the spinal cord within the vertebral canal.

Arachnoid mater helps protect the brain and spinal cord from sudden impact. It is connected to the dura mater at the side that is very close to the central nervous system.

Dura mater refers to the membrane that envelops the arachnoid mater. It surrounds the dural sinuses and also provide supports to it. Dura mater carries blood from the brain toward the heart.

The pia mater is part of pseudolymphatic system and it's referred to as the thin fibrous tissue that allows blood vessels to pass through the brain.

Answer: The correct answer sequence is PIA MATER, ARACHNOID MATER AND DURA MATER.

Denticulate ligaments are thickenings of PIA MATER that extend and fuse with the ARACHNOID MATER and inner surface of the DURA MATER

Explanation: The pia mater, arachnoid mater and the dura mater are collectively known as the meninges,they are membranes that cover the brain and the spinal cord,they provide protection and support to the structures they cover.(the central nervous system)

THE PIA MATER; This is the innermost layer of the meninges,it is a thin delicate later and made up of connective tissues,it sits/adheres directly to the brain and the spinal cord and provides protection, support and metabolic needs for the central nervous system.

THE ARACHNOID MATER; This is the middle layer of the meninges,it has the appearance of a spider web,it is thin and transparent and covers the spinal cord and as well sits directly over the pia mater.there is a potential space between the pia mater and the arachnoid matter known as the the subarachnoid space,the subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal fluid and large blood vessels which protects the brain and the spinal cord from any form of trauma and supplies nutrients to the nervous system and also removes waste products after cerebral metabolism.

DURA MATER; The dura mater is the outermost later of the meninges lying directly under the bone tissue, it is made up of irregular connective tissue,it is a thick membrane and it protects the central nervous system and the two inner laters of the meninges.the potential space between the dura mater and the arachnoid mater is know as the subdural space.

What type of actions involving the nervous system are automatic and very fast?

Answers

Answer:

A reflex action is an automatic (involuntary) and rapid response to a stimulus, which minimises any damage to the body from potentially harmful conditions, such as touching something hot. Reflex actions are therefore essential to the survival of many organisms.

Explanation:

A reflex action is an automatic and rapid response to a stimulus

1. You homogenize a cell and isolate it from a vesicle derivative from the endoplasmic reticulum. When their biochemistry was analyzed, they were found to have the ability to synthesize testosterone. From what type of ER are they derived and name the human body cell?

Answers

Answer:

SER, they are capable of synthesizing testosterone of Adrenocortical cells.

Explanation:

Adrenal smooth microsomal cells are  enriched in smooth endoplasmic reticulum SER, membranes of which contain high levels of translocation apparatus and oligosaccharyltransferase complex proteins. STEROID-SECRETING CELLS are characterized by abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). These cells synthesize cholesterol as a precursor for steroid hormones or take up this substrate from plasma lipoproteins. Many of the enzymes for sterol and steroid synthesis are localized in the smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum. This organelle is particularly prominent in cells of the inner zones of the adrenal and fluctuates in amount and configuration in response to hormonal stimulation and sterol levels.


DO YOUR CELLS HAVE ANYTHING IN COMMON
WITH PLANT CELLS?

Answers

Answer:

Explanation:

Yes. They both have a cell membrane. They have many organelles that animal cells have and a cell membrane is one of the few similarities.

Answer:

Yes

Explanation:

Both cells have cell membranes, both have nucleuses and nucleolus, both have cytoplasm, both have mitochondria, etc. Hope that answers your question.

What effects does water have on the formation of macromolecules?

Answers

Water molecules play an invaluable role in governing the structure, stability, dynamic, and function of these biomolecules.

It is possible to perceive depth with one eye closed because of

Answers

Answer: monocular cue

Explanation:

The key reason one don't lose sense of depth is because of monocular cue. Our brain can still detect the actual position of the object with helps of cues even if one eye is closed.

Such cues include (but are not limited to):

Linear perspective - the fact that additional objects ultimately travel to a single point (i.e. two roads that converge into a single point in the distance)Texture - objects closer to you will have more complex texture compared to objects further away from Interposition - objects closer to you will be farther away from objectsAccommodation - as you look closely at items, your eyes need to accommodate and concentrate on them using your eye muscles, giving your eyes an idea of where the object is located.

Hence, Monocular Cues are used by using one eye to help sense distance.

A gardener is growing plants in his backyard and decides to mate a Tall, White flowering plant (DDww) with a Dwarf, Purple (ddWW) flowering plant of the same species. When the plants start to bloom he is surprised that the pair has only produced Tall, Purple offspring. In your own words, explain how this is possible.

Answers

Answer:

Tallness allele is dominant over dwarfness allele and purple allele is dominant over white allele.

Explanation:

Tall, white flowering plant DDww was mated with dwarf, purple flowering plant (ddWW).

DDww   x   ddWW

Offspring: all DdWw (tall and purple)

Since all the offspring appeared tall and purple, it means that the tallness allele (D) is dominant over the dwarfness allele (d) while the purpleness allele (W) is dominant over the whiteness allele (w). Both d and w are said to be recessive.

In a trait that is defined by dominant/recessive alleles, the dominant allele always masks the expression of the recessive allele.

If you made an artwork to send a message to your
comunity, what could your message be?

Answers

Answer:

If I was to send a message right now during the corona virus to my community, I would say to be thankful and stay healthy because death will never wait for anyone.

Explanation:

if my ans helped u, pls mark it as brainliest! thx!

Answer:

2.2.4 Journal

Explanation:

Prolactin stimulates mammary gland growth and development in mammals and regulates salt and water balance in freshwater fish. Many scientists think that its wide range of functions among many organisms indicates that prolactin:____________.

Answers

Prolactin

Explanation:

Prolactin is a hormone that primarily promotes lactation (breast milk production) in mammalsIt is also responsible for a number of other functions and systems, for example it regulates behavior, the immune system, metabolism, reproductive systems, and many different bodily fluidsAll this makes it a crucial hormone for overall health and well-being, for both men and womenThe principal action of prolactin in fishes is freshwater osmoregulation, although it has also been implicated in reproduction, behavior, growth, and immunoregulation

Because of this wide range of functions, prolactin is considered an evolutionary conserved hormone    

Final answer:

Prolactin is a pituitary hormone essential for milk production in mammals and has varied functions in different organisms, indicating its evolutionary role as a multi-functional regulator. In humans, it is involved in a positive feedback loop that stimulates milk production during lactation.

Explanation:

Prolactin is a pituitary hormone that plays a crucial role in the establishment and maintenance of breast milk production but also exhibits a wide range of functions across different species. For instance, it regulates salt and water balance in freshwater fish and stimulates mammary gland growth and development in mammals. This hormone's diverse roles suggest that prolactin has evolved to perform multiple regulatory functions in various organisms. In humans, during lactation, the positive feedback loop involving the nipples' stimulation leads to prolactin secretion from the anterior pituitary, which in turn triggers milk production. This process is supported by other hormones such as oxytocin, which facilitates the milk let-down reflex, and is balanced by prolactin-inhibiting hormone, known as dopamine.

4 characteristics of plants

Answers

The four characteristics of plants are photosynthesis, cuticle, cell walls, and reproduction.

Color, smell, taste, texture

what are at least 2 roles of paleontologists

Answers

Answer:

determines location of fossils.

excavates layers of sedimentary rock to locate fossils.

gathers information on the fossils (age, location, etc)

uses specific tools to excavate (chisels, drills, picks, shovels, brushes)

evaluates any discoveries by using specialized computer programs.

hope this helps!

SERE
Which of the following statements about biogeochemical cycles is not true?
a. Biogeochemical cycles include living and nonliving elements.
b. The rock cycle is a biogeochemical cycle.
C. Biogeochemical cycles are an important part of the Earth system
d. Carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen cycles are biogeochemical cycles.

Answers

It is D :-) it is important and it involves living as well nonliving parts of the system

Answer: B. The rock cycle is a biogeochemical cycle.

Explanation: This question is asking for the answer that is not true about biogeochemical cycles^^^ Read carefully everyone! :)

What must be true for natural selection to happen?
A. there must be no predators in the ecosystem.
B. Resources must be limited in the ecosystem.
C. there can be no competition for resources.
D. The population must be bellow carrying capacity.

Answers

Answer:

B.

Explanation: There must be competition for resources.

The neurons in the inferior temporal cortex....

A. send visual messages to V1, V2 and V3
B. are specialized for processing spatial information and respond differentially to the direction and speed of movement.
C. integrate motor commands with spatial information
D. respond selectively to objects quizlwt

Answers

Answer:

Option D, respond selectively to objects.

Explanation:

Inferior temporal cortex is very essential for visual processing beyond the processing done by primary visual cortex. Any issues with the inferior temporal cortex could lead to visual impairment.  

IT neurons are selective is respect to dimension, shape, color, or texture and stimuli and hence they respond selectively to different stimuli, faces, highly specific complex objects.  

Being highly selective, some of IT neurons respond only to the frontal face view and the remaining respond to the profiles. Because of this, these cells fail in responding to similar objects

Hence, option D is correct

Hey anyone what is

4x4x5 ?

Answers

The answer is: 80

4x4= 16

16x5=80

Answer:

80

Explanation:

Question 1
Where does carbon dioxide come from?

Answers

Carbon dioxide mainly comes from the burning of various fossil feels of power generated and transport use.

Answer:

Atmospheric carbon dioxide derives from multiple natural sources including volcanic outgassing, the combustion of organic matter, and the respiration processes of living aerobic organisms; man-made sources of carbon dioxide come mainly from the burning of various fossil fuels for power generation and transport use.

Explanation:

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a colourless and odourless gas that is a natural component of our air and makes up part of the carbon cycle.

Through the decomposition of organic matter, CO₂ is released into the atmosphere as part of this natural process. At the same time, photosynthesis helps to significantly reduce atmospheric CO₂ . The solubility of CO₂ in water depends on the temperature, so the oceans both produce and reduce CO₂. 

Anthropogenic (man-​made) carbon dioxide sources primarily relate to the combustion processes of fossil fuels. CO₂ is an inert end product that accumulates in the atmosphere and is in constant exchange with the biosphere and the oceans. Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonic acid or hydrogen carbonate, which leads to a change in the pH value, i.e. the acidity of the water. Other anthropogenic CO₂ sources that intensify the greenhouse effect include changes to land usage, e.g. the clearing of forests or draining of wetlands such as moors.

Changes in the environment can alter the dynamics of natural selection in predator–prey relationships. As the planet continues to warm, climate change will have a significant effect on many of these relationships. In the case of the snowshoe hare, loss of winter snow cover could make the species more vulnerable to its predator, the lynx. The fur of snowshoe hares turns white in the winter months, providing camouflage in the snow. Which prediction would best fit a hypothesis of continued antagonistic coevolution between these two species in a year-round, snow-free environment?

Answers

Answer:

The coevolution is best explained by  using the interaction of selective pressure (lyrnx) and the adaptation for survival(snowshoe/ snow)

Explanation:

The  camouflage by the snow of the brown hare gives them selective advantage to remain undetected within the population during winter.since the allele for year -round brown fur within the snowshoe population, will be protected during  winter by the slow, (adaptation for survival) this  ensures survival, from selective pressure -Lynx, and gives them rooms for  natural selection by nature for evolution.

Lynx, which preys on the brown  snowshoe hares, in snow free environment will have better survival advantage for food, and therefore reproduction . Since  the snow which camouflage them from the prey, has been removed by climatic change,Their population  will therefore be naturally selected and evolved.

Thus the two organisms-Lynx and Snowshoe hare will co-evolve

What are the 6 levels of organization for ecology

Answers

Though technically there are six levels of organization in ecology, there do exist some sources which only identify five levels, namely organism, population, communities, ecosystem, and biome; excluding biosphere from the list.

Hope i Helped! :)

Ecological Organization

1. At the lowest level of ecological organization, you find individual species of living organisms. Every single plant and animal species on the planet, right from microscopic bacteria and fungi to mammoth blue whale and Giant Sequoias, finds a place at this level of the ecological pyramid. The distribution of these species is governed by abiotic factors of the said region.

2. The second level of this pyramid comprises the population of individual species featuring in the first level. In this case, population refers to a group of species living together in a demarcated geographical area. For instance, a herd of wildebeests in African Savannah or coyotes in North American Prairies.

3. The third level of ecological pyramid comprises communities of different species which live together in a demarcated geographical area and interact with each other. This interaction between the members of these communities often revolves around the concept of predator-prey and symbiotic relationships.

4. At the next level of ecological organization lies the ecosystem, a biological environment comprising all the living organisms and non-living things (or abiotic factors such as air, soil, and water) in a particular region and the interaction between them. Though many people refer to these levels as the levels of organization in an ecosystem, it is technically incorrect as ecosystem in itself is one of the levels of ecological organization.

5. The fifth level of an ecological pyramid is that of a biome, a major biotic community which is typically characterized by dominant forms of vegetation and climatic conditions. Some of the most prominent biomes of the world include the desert biome, rainforest biome, Savannah biome, etc.

6. The last level of the ecological pyramid is the biosphere, which is made up of the Earth’s surface and atmosphere. It is also known as the zone of life on Earth, owing to the fact that all lifeforms found on the planet coexist here. Simply put, it is the sum of all the ecosystems of this planet.

Though technically there are six levels of organization in ecology, there do exist some sources which only identify five levels, namely organism, population, communities, ecosystem, and biome; excluding biosphere from the list. With the amount of biodiversity that the planet boasts of, the idea of classifying environment into different levels surely comes handy in studying the environment.

In c4 and cam plants carbon dioxide is fixed in the _____ of mesophyll cells.

Answers

Answer:

The answer in the blank is cythoplasm.

How does the body regulate the distribution of oxygen and glucose to different body tissues?

A. By changing aortic blood pressure and thus the velocity of blood flow in capillaries.
B. Using valves in veins, which close due to backpressure from the column of blood above them.
C. Using valves found inside arterioles near capillaries.
D. By constricting smooth muscle throughout the capillaries. Via relaxation/constriction of pre-capillary sphincters.

Answers

Answer:

a would because blood would also need to flow

Explanation:

Based on what you learned in the lab why does your body need to break down starch into glucose

Answers

Starch and glucose are carbohydrates (sugars). The body breaks the starch molecules into glucose as the former is too large to diffuse into cells. Thus, option B is correct.

What are simple and complex sugars?

Simple sugars are carbohydrates that are monomers and have a small size due to a single molecule composition. On the other hand, complex sugars are large chains with many molecules.

Starch is a complex sugar, is large, and made of glucose molecules linked to form the polysaccharide. Their large size hinders their movement in the cell through the semipermeable membrane.

Therefore, the starch is broken down into glucose for easy transportation.

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The complete question is attached to the image below.

tidal energy is generated from the
A :gravity of the sun and moon
B: natural movement of tides
C:areas that have only low tide
D : costal passageways

Answers

Answer:

C

Explanation:

I just had this question

C: areas that have only low tide

Water supplies are treated with chlorine to kill pathogens. chlorine reacts well with many other chemicals and bacterial cells because it is a strong oxidant. however, legionella pneumophila can sometimes evade killing by residual chlorine. how does it do this? view available hint(s) water supplies are treated with chlorine to kill pathogens. chlorine reacts well with many other chemicals and bacterial cells because it is a strong oxidant. however, legionella pneumophila can sometimes evade killing by residual chlorine. how does it do this? legionella can detoxify chlorine by metabolizing it. legionella produces cations that bind up the negative chloride ions, thus inactivating them. legionella tends to be found in warm waters and in aerosols, both situations in which the chlorine readily evaporates and, thus, is in lower concentration in the water. legionella tends to form biofilms and infect other microbial cells as intracellular pathogens.

Answers

Answer:

Legionella tends to form biofilms and infect other microbial cells as intracellular pathogens.

Explanation:

The Legionella genus of the bacteria is a group of gram-negative bacteria that can cause legionnaires disease.

The Legionella pneumophila is a species of this genus which can cause legion pneumonia. The bacteria lives in the freshwater and is resistant to chemical treatment like chlorine and the biocide treatment.

The reason for this resistance is since this species form a polysaccharide layer around the colony of the bacteria which is resistant to these treatments and also the bacteria prove parasitic to the protozoans which feed on these bacteria.

Thus, the selected option is the correct answer.

Legionella pneumophila evades chlorine by forming biofilms and infecting other microbial cells as intracellular pathogens. Option D is correct .

This bacterium evades chlorination primarily because Legionella tends to form biofilms and infect other microbial cells as intracellular pathogens . When Legionella forms biofilms, it creates a protective layer that shields it from the oxidizing effects of chlorine, making it harder to eliminate.

Chlorine is a powerful oxidant and is widely used to disinfect water supplies, effectively killing a wide range of pathogens.

Challenges with Chlorination :

Chlorine can react with organic matter in the water, forming by-products like trihalomethanes (THMs), which may be harmful even at low concentrations.Some bacteria and protozoa, like Legionella and Giardia lamblia, can resist chlorination and require additional methods for removal.

Legionella uses biofilm formation as a strategy to survive chlorinated environments, making understanding and tackling biofilms crucial for ensuring effective water disinfection.

Complete question :

Water supplies are treated with chlorine to kill pathogens. chlorine reacts well with many other chemicals and bacterial cells because it is a strong oxidant. water supplies are treated with chlorine to kill pathogens. chlorine reacts well with many other chemicals and bacterial cells because it is a strong oxidant.

however, legionella pneumophila can sometimes evade killing by residual chlorine. how does it do this?

A. legionella can detoxify chlorine by metabolizing it.

B. legionella produces cations that bind up the negative chloride ions, thus inactivating them.

C. legionella tends to be found in warm waters and in aerosols, both situations in which the chlorine readily evaporates and, thus, is in lower concentration in the water.

D. legionella tends to form biofilms and infect other microbial cells as intracellular pathogens.

The myelin on myelinated neurons can be degraded or destroyed in diseases such as multiple sclerosis-a process called demyelination. If a myelinated neuron was affected by demyelination, how would this affect action potentials in that neuron?

Answers

Answer:

The speed of action potential propagation get slower down

Explanation:

Myelination is the process of generating myelin in neurons. In CNS,  oligodendrocyte make the  myelin sheath.

The main function of myelin is to increase the speed of electrical impulses  along the myelinated fiber.

Myelinated fibers lack voltage-gated sodium channels along the myelinated internodes,  having them only at the nodes of Ranvier though which the molecules moves.

Demyelination is the loss of the myelin sheath,  result due to some neurodegenerative autoimmune diseases, resulting in the decrease of the speed of action potential propagation.

Final answer:

Demyelination of a myelinated neuron slows down the conduction of action potentials by causing current leaks. The myelin sheath acts as an insulator, increasing the speed of conduction. Nodes of Ranvier play a crucial role in regenerating the action potential.

Explanation:

Demyelination of a myelinated neuron will affect action potentials in that neuron by slowing down the conduction of the action potential. The myelin sheath acts as an insulator and prevents current from leaving the axon, which increases the speed of action potential conduction. When the myelin is degraded or destroyed, current can leak from previously insulated axon areas, causing a decrease in the speed of action potential conduction. The gaps in the myelin sheath, called nodes of Ranvier, play a crucial role in regenerating the action potential. Without these nodes, the action potential would propagate very slowly.

The non-leukocyte tissue cells known as ________ activate enzymes which produce leukotrienes and prostaglandins in response to allergen binding. The non-leukocyte tissue cells known as ________ activate enzymes which produce leukotrienes and prostaglandins in response to allergen binding. A. mast cells B. basophils C. monocytes D. lymphocytes E. neutrophils

Answers

Answer:

Mast cells. (Ans. A)

Explanation:

Mast cells are called the immune system of vertebrate species, they help to regulate some allergic responses, innate & adaptive immunity, and inflammation such as hypersensitivity. These cells circulate the amounts of their granules into the surrounding tissues, while stimulation by an allergen found and the process called degranulation.

Mast cells help to assist and awaken the immune system to local infection. Once these cells are activated, they generate inflammatory responses by secreting chemical mediators which are stored in preformed granules, and after activation occurs synthesizing leukotrienes and cytokines.

Evidence indicates that plants increase the number of stomata in their leaves as atmospheric CO2‚ levels decline. Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area should have the effect of doing which of the following?
1. increasing dehydration of leaf tissues
2. decreasing dehydration of leaf tissues
3. countering the effect of declining CO2‚ on photosynthesis
4. reinforcing the effect of declining CO2‚ on photosynthesis
5. decreasing the O2‚ content of air next to the leaves lower than it would otherwise be
6. increasing the O2‚ content of air next to the leaves higher than it would otherwise be
a. 1, 3, and 5
b. 1, 3, and 6
c. 1, 4, and 5
d. 2, 3, and 6
e. 2, 4, and 5

Answers

Answer:

E

Explanation:

Adults with more than a 12-month history of migraines were assigned randomly in a double-blinded study to receive treatment with experimental drug X (10 or 20 mg/day) or placebo. The primary efficacy measure was the reduction in severity of the migraine attacks. Enrollment was 1,200 subjects. Which of the following best describes the clinical phase of this study?

Answers

Answer:

Phase III

Explanation:

The given condition fall in the trial phase (Phase III) of cinical study which aims to:

- Determine drug's effectiveness (primary goal)

- Determine long-term drug safety

- Confirm findings

In Phase III, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study is majorly to evaluate the efficacy and safety of placebo in episodic migraine prevention in children (6 to < 12 years of age) and adolescents (12 to < 18 years of age).  

The trial consists of four phases: screening; double-blind therapy period for 24 weeks in which placebo or Erenumab is given to subject as dose 1, dose 2 or dose 3 (based on the participant's body weight) once a month via subcutaneous injection; optional dose level blinded extension phase (40 weeks) which involves subjects recieve dose1, 2 and 3 of placebo, and at last it follows a safety follow-up phase for 12 weeks (after 16 weeks  of the last dose of investigational drug).

Hence, the clinical phase is phase III.

The study described can best be classified as b. Phase III clinical trial.

Here’s why:

Enrollment of 1,200 subjects - Phase III trials typically involve a larger number of patients, usually ranging between 1,000 and 3,000 participants. This is consistent with the enrollment figure given in the study.

Primary efficacy measure - Phase III trials are designed to establish the efficacy of a new drug compared to existing treatments or a placebo. In this case, the primary efficacy measure is the reduction in severity of migraine attacks, which aligns with the goals of a Phase III trial.

Double-blind study - Double-blind studies are a hallmark of Phase III clinical trials. In such studies, neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving the experimental drug and who is receiving the placebo. This is done to eliminate bias and ensure the reliability of the results.

Experimental drug X vs placebo - Comparing the experimental drug to a placebo is a standard approach in Phase III trials. This helps determine the drug’s therapeutic effect and its benefits versus risks.

Complete question:

Adults with more than a twelve (12)-month history of migraines were assigned randomly in a double-blinded study to receive treatment with experimental drug X (10 or 20 mg/day) or placebo. The primary efficacy measure was the reduction in severity of the migraine attacks. Enrollment was twelve-hundred (1200) subjects. Which of the following best describes the clinical phase of this study?

a. Phase II b. Phase III c. Preclinical d. Phase I

The table shows how water in the US was used in 2010. Which statement accurately summarizes the data?

A) More water was used to farm aquatic organisms than to make products.
B) More water was used to make products than to produce electricity.
C) More water was used to produce electricity than to grow crops.
D) More water was used to grow crops than to mine land resources.

Answers

Answer:

C,More water was used to produce electricity than to grow crops.

Explanation:

Give me brainlest

Answer:

The answer is C

Explanation:

agents of seed dispersal

Answers

Answer:

wind, water, animals, explosion and fire are the agents of seed dispersal.

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Other Questions
A traveling wave on a string can be described by the equation : y = (5.26 ~\text{m}) \cdot \sin \big( (1.65 ~\frac{\text{rad}}{\text{m}})x - (4.64 ~\frac{\text{rad}}{\text{sec}})t +(1.33 ~\text{rad}) \big)y=(5.26 m)sin((1.65 m rad )x(4.64 sec rad )t+(1.33 rad)) How much time will it take for a peak on this traveling wave to propagate a distance of 5.00 meters along the length of the string? The South was fighting a ___ war.passivepleasantdefensiveforeigndeceptive 1. What is the author's purpose in writing this biography of Lois Lowry? Erin knows exactly what benefits she will receive when she retires. She has worked for the organization for 20 years and will receive 65% of the average of her two highest years of pay. Erins retirement plan is a ________ plan. if a line with a slope of 6 crosses the y-axis at (0,-4), what is the equation of the line? The line touching the circle at a point ....................... is known as ........................... . Peripheral membrane proteins (select one): A) penetrate deeply into the lipid bilayer. B) are usually denatured when released from membranes. C) can be released from membranes only by detergent treatment. D) are generally noncovalently bound to membrane lipids. |-1 1/5| and |-3/5| from least to greatest What is the m in 45m - 900 = 90m Consider the circle above. What is the approximate area of the circle? What is 5.9 as a fraction.THIS WILL HELP A LOT The normal boiling point of a substance is defined to be the temperature at which the liquid phase of the substance is in equilibrium with the gas phase at 1 atm pressure. The normal boiling point of methanol is 80oC and H vap = 38 kJ/mol. What is the Scrap value What does the Code of Hammurabi contain? On January 1, 2014, Pharoah Company purchased a copyright for $2356000, having an estimated useful life of 16 years. In January 2018, Pharoah paid $381000 for legal fees in a successful defense of the copyright. (a) Copyright amortization expense for the year ended December 31, 2018, should be __________.O $147250.O $0.O $171063.O $179000. Manufacturing overhead expenses are budgeted at $2,000 per month. Included in the $2,000 are $500 of monthly depreciation expense and $200 of allocated expenses related to manufacturing insurance that was paid in February. What is the cash outflow for overhead for the month of January OPEN ENDED QUESTIONOver the last 300,000 years, what hashappened whenever carbon dioxideincreases in the atmosphere? What did original performances of Shakespeare's plays have in common with modern Broadway plays?A. They were all two acts longB. They contained lots of music and singingC. They were nominated for numerous rewardsD. They debuted in a large theater in a big city A furniture manufacturer instituted a new strategy of producing custom-designed kitchen fittings rather than predesigned fittings. Although the amount of fittings produced by the company fell as the new plan was implemented, management was quick to point out that the custom fittings sold faster (and at a higher profit margin) than the predesigned fittings. What strategy is management using to overcome the pull of past patterns and build momentum in moving toward new patterns Twice a number plus twice a second number is 310. The difference between the numbers is 55. Find the numbers by writing and solving a system of equations. Explain how you solved the system. The annual report for Sneer Corporation disclosed that the company declared and paid preferred dividends in the amount of $180,000 in the current year. It also declared and paid dividends on common stock in the amount of $2.80 per share. During the current year, Sneer had 1 million common shares authorized; 380,000 shares had been issued; and 172,000 shares were in treasury stock. The opening balance in Retained Earnings was $880,000 and Net Income for the current year was $380,000. Required: 1. Prepare journal entries to record the declaration, and payment, of dividends on (a) preferred and (b) common stock. (If no entry is required for a transaction/event, select "No Journal Entry Required" in the first account field.)