a. True
b. False. a reservoir can be human beings, animals, insects, soils, and/or plants

Answer:

Making Vitamins

Explanation:

The skeletal system performs crucial functions such as providing movement, protecting organs, and storing minerals. However, it does not synthesize or generate vitamins. Other body parts such as the skin and gut bacteria are responsible for vitamin synthesis.

The skeletal system in our body performs several crucial functions, including providing structural support that enables movement, protecting our vital organs, and serving as a storage system for essential minerals like calcium and phosphorus. However, one task it does not carry out is the synthesis or making of vitamins. This is a function usually associated with other parts of the body, such as the skin (for Vitamin D synthesis) or the bacteria in our gut (for certain B vitamins and Vitamin K).

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The correct representation of energy flow through an ecosystem is: Sun - autotrophs - heterotrophs.

A pyramid of energy can be defined as a graphical model that is used to depict the flow of energy from one trophic level (feeding level) to the next in an ecosystem.

This ultimately implies that, a pyramid of energy is a diagram that compares the energy that is used by living organisms at each trophic level of the food chain in an ecosystem.

In conclusion, the correct representation of energy flow through an ecosystem is:

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Answer: work must be done on the system

Explanation:

The second law of thermodynamics is the fundamental law of nature; it states that energy can be transferred from cold objects to hot objects only, if work is done on the system. If energy is added to the system then as a result the thermal energy would increase. Second law of thermodynamics is used to determine whether a process is spontaneous or not.  

Answer: Vitamin D and vitamin B12

Explanation:

Vitamin D is very important for the body as it helps in the calcium absorption by the body. The body should be in regular exposure with sun.

Vitamin B12 is mostly found in meats and non vegetarian foods. Not taking meat because of any reason will affect the brain and body.

Due to the deficiency of vitamin B12 and Vitamin D, elderly women is having difficulty in concentrating on conversations.

Optimization refers to the activity of making the most or best efficient use of a resource of situation. Optimization suggests that it is probable to sustain performance in some areas via spontaneous practice and the application of new technology.  

The older adults get involved in numerous sexual activities, companionship is essential to age individuals. The optimization in older adults’ sexual activity can be expressed by getting involved in more kissing, cuddling, and fantasizing in comparison to intercourse for satisfying the sexual activity.  

Answer: 20%

The alcohol that is swallowed by a person avoids the normal digestive process. It travels down the esophagus into the stomach and the small intestine and goes right into the bloodstream. About 20 percent of the alcohol consumed by the body is absorbed in the stomach, and about 80 percent is absorbed in the small intestine. The liver is the organ that is particularly affected by alcohol because it is the main organ that processes alcohol.

Luca Cavalli-Sforza is a geneticist who hypothesized that the skin-color change came late because previous people had complete vitamin D access to the foods that they are eating. But the moment they started farming, the main vitamin sources are reduced, making a larger gain of having light skin.

Luca Cavalli-Sforza's hypothesis suggests that the change in skin color came later in European populations due to adaptation to reduced ultraviolet radiation exposure.

Luca Cavalli-Sforza's hypothesis for why skin color change came late is related to adaptation to changing levels of ultraviolet radiation. As humans migrated from Africa to areas with less exposure to UV radiation, their skin pigmentation became lighter in order to compensate for the reduced absorption of Vitamin D, which is necessary for bone health and immune function. Cavalli-Sforza's hypothesis suggests that this adaptation occurred later in European populations compared to those in other regions.

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Answer:CHANGES TO NATURAL RESOURCES

Explanation:

APEXX

Adaptive immune system is based on immunological memory.

This system is a specialized sub system of immune system that can eliminate pathogens and prevent their growth in the body.

After its first encounter with the pathogen, it creates an immunological memory that can last up to lifetime and it is highly specific. The memory of the first encounter leads to enhanced response in future with the particular pathogen.

For example, a person who gets affected from measles gets a lifetime protection from the pathogen.  

The base pairing between a DNA strand and RNA nucleotide determines base added to an RNA strand

During Transcription an RNA copy is made from a gene sequence which called an mRNA molecule. and it leaves the nucleus into the cytoplasm of the cell.

The Base to be added to an RNA strand is basically determined by the base pairing between a DNA strand and RNA nucleotide.

Hence we can conclude that what determines the base added to an RNA strand is The base pairing between a DNA strand and RNA nucleotide.

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According to the CDC, tooth decay affects more than one-fourth of U.S. children aged 2 to 5.Tooth decay is the damage of the structure of the tooth which is caused by acids that are produced when sugar is being broken down by plaque bacteria in the mouth. Tooth decay is the primary cause of tooth loss in children in the United States.

Answer:

1. atmosphere

2. troposphere

Explanation:

1. Weather on Earth is caused by heat from the sun and movement of the air. All weather happens in the lower layer of Earth's atmosphere, which is a layer of gases surrounding Earth. The sun's heat warms the air in this layer to different temperature levels in different places. ... This movement of air is what we call wind.

2. The troposphere is the lowermost layer of the Earth's atmosphere. Most of the weather phenomena, systems, convection, turbulence and clouds occur in this layer

The layer of the uterus that is shed during menstruation is the endometrium.

The menstrual cycle causes hormonal changes in the endometrium, the uterus' innermost lining. If pregnancy fails, the endometrium sheds during menstruation, causing bleeding.

Menstruating women shed their endometrial lining every 28 days. After menstruation, the endometrium thickens again to prepare for egg implantation. Fertilisation and implantation implant the embryo in the endometrium.

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Transplanting genetic material into bacteria is not a simple task; it is a complex process involving genetic transformation, genetic transfer, and bacterial conjugation. While competent bacteria can take up new DNA, creating transgenic organisms or introducing synthetic genomes into bacteria is more challenging and less straightforward.

Is Transplanting Genetic Material into Bacteria a Simple Task?

Transplanting genetic material into bacteria can be a complex process, as it involves several steps that need to be carried out with precision. Genetic transformation, genetic transfer, and bacterial conjugation are means by which bacteria can receive new genetic information. The introduction of recombinant DNA into a bacterium is facilitated through different mechanisms, such as natural competency, transformation, transduction, and conjugation using structures like the F pilus or sex pilus. As mentioned in LibreTexts, competent bacteria are able to take up DNA from their environment, and other methods may involve using plasmids or direct injection. Genetic engineering often takes advantage of these processes to introduce new genes into bacteria for the production of proteins or to create transgenic crops.

However, in the context of synthetic biology, the (booting) of a completely synthetic genome into a bacterial host presents a greater challenge and is currently a more complex and expensive process. Thus, the statement that transplanting genetic material into bacteria is a simple task is generally considered false.