Consider the reaction pathway graph below.


Which indicates the energy that must be absorbed to initiate the reaction?
C
A
E
D

Answer:[tex]1.08\times 10^{-8}m[/tex]

Explanation:

Let [tex]E_{n}[/tex] be the energy of the electron in [tex]n[/tex]th orbit.

According to Bohr's model,

[tex]E_{n}=\frac{-kz^{2}}{n^{2}}[/tex]

where [tex]k=2.179\times 10^{-18}J[/tex]

[tex]Z[/tex] is the atomic number

[tex]n[/tex] is the orbit number.

Given,[tex]z=3[/tex]

Energy required for transition from [tex]n=1[/tex] to [tex]n=4[/tex] is [tex]\frac{k(3)^{2}}{1^{2}}-\frac{k(3)^{2}}{4^{2}}=\frac{15k\times 9}{16} =18.38\times 10^{-18}J[/tex]

Since,wave length is [tex]\frac{hc}{E}[/tex]

where [tex]h[/tex] is the plancks constant.

[tex]c[/tex] is the speed of light.

[tex]c=3\times 10^{8}\\h=6.63\times 10^{-34}m^{2}KgS^{-1}[/tex]

So,wave length is [tex]\frac{6.63\times 10^{-34} \times 3\times 10^{8}}{18.38\times 10^{-18}} =1.08\times 10^{-8}m[/tex]

Final answer:

To determine the wavelength of light absorbed by a Li2+ ion moving from n = 1 to n = 4, we use the Bohr model and adjust the Rydberg formula by the square of the nuclear charge. This yields the energy difference, which can be converted to wavelength using the relationship between energy, wavelength, and the speed of light.

Explanation:

The question involves using the Bohr model of the atom to calculate the wavelength of light that must be absorbed to excite an electron. For a single-electron system like the Li2+ ion, the energy difference between two orbits (n = 1 and n = 4) can be calculated using the Rydberg formula for hydrogen-like atoms:

E = Rydberg constant * (1/n12 - 1/n22)

Here, n1 and n2 are the principal quantum numbers of the initial and final states, respectively. Since the Li2+ ion has a higher nuclear charge than hydrogen, we must account for this by multiplying the Rydberg constant by the square of the nuclear charge (Z2). The energy of the photon absorbed is then transformed into a wavelength using the relationship:

c =
λ * E
Where c is the speed of light and
λ is the wavelength. By plugging in the appropriate values and constants, we can solve for the wavelength of light in nm.

Elements in the same family have similar properties because they share the same number and distribution of valence electrons, leading to similar chemical behaviors. Group patterns like the alkali metals in Group 1A with one valence electron contribute to these predictable reactivity patterns. Trends, such as increasing metallic character down a group, are also observed.

Elements in the same family or group of the periodic table generally have similar properties because they have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells. This similarity in electron configuration explains their comparable chemical behaviors. For instance, all elements in Group 1A have one valence electron, which leads to common reactivity patterns and they are known as the alkali metals. As we progress along a group, there are also trends, such as an increase in metallic character from nonmetals like oxygen to metals like polonium.

In the 19th century discoveries, similar compounds formed by the reactions of elements such as lithium, sodium, and potassium with other elements underscored the pattern of similar chemical properties within a group. The figure from the provided reference indicates that within a group, elements have the same s and p valence electron configurations, which play a crucial role in their reactions and interactions.

Therefore, the periodic table is deliberately structured to group elements with similar properties, following the patterns of electron configurations, specifically within their valence shells, resulting in the elements' predictable chemical behavior. This order mirrors the sequential filling of electron subshells, ensuring that elements in a family react similarly in chemical reactions.

Answer:

The correct answer is c atomic number

Explanation:

When two atoms contain same atomic number or proton number then these two atoms are called isotopes of each other.

  For example protium and tritium are isotopes of each other as they contain same atomic number that is 1.

Answer:

3. The atoms on the left side of the arrow are the same as the atoms on the right, but are arranged differently.

Explanation:

A chemical reaction is represented by a chemical equation which show the reactant and products. Reactants are written on left side of arrow while products are written on right side. The number of atoms are remain same however arrangement of atoms is different on both side.

For example:

6H₂O + 6CO₂ + energy  →   C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

it is known from balanced chemical equation that 6 moles of carbon dioxide react with the six moles of water and created one mole of glucose and six mole of oxygen. The number of atoms are same on both side however arrangement of atoms is different.

Answer:

Fe → Fe⁺³ + 3e⁻

Explanation:

The oxidation half reaction for iron is:

Fe → Fe⁺³ + 3e⁻

Other options are incorrect because,

A) 3e⁻ + Fe  →   Fe³⁺

This is incorrect because when three electrons are gained by any atom it will gain negative three charge not positive.

C) 6e⁻ + 2Fe →  2Fe³⁺

This is incorrect because when six electrons are gained by any atom it will gain negative six charge not positive.

d) Fe →  2Fe³⁺ + 6e⁻

Its also incorrect because iron atoms are not balanced on both side of equation.

Answer:

m = 0.03  × 10⁴ g

Explanation:

Given data:

Specific heat capacity = 0.749 j/g.°C

Heat absorbed = 5.0 × 10⁴ J

Initial temperature = 26.0 °C

Final temperature = 275.0 °C

Mass = ?

Solution:

Formula:

Q = m.c. ΔT

Q = amount of heat absorbed or released

m = mass of given substance

c = specific heat capacity of substance

ΔT = change in temperature

ΔT  = T2-T1

ΔT  = 275.0 °C - 26.0 °C

ΔT  = 249  °C

Q = m.c. ΔT

m = Q / c. ΔT

m =  5.0 × 10⁴ J / 0.749 j/g.°C  × 249  °C

m =  5.0 × 10⁴ J / 186.5  j/g

m = 0.03  × 10⁴ g

The mass of glass required to absorb 5.00x10⁴ J of heat with a temperature change from 26.0°C to 275.0°C, using a specific heat capacity of 0.749 J/g°C, is approximately 268 grams.

We can use the formula for heat absorption:

[tex]q = m \times C_p \times \Delta T[/tex]

where:

Let's rearrange the formula to solve for m:

[tex]m = q / (C_p \times \Delta T)[/tex]

Substituting in the given values:

[tex]m = 5.00 \times 10^4 J / (0.749 J/g \textdegree C \times 249.0 \textdegree C)[/tex]

Simplifying the calculation:

[tex]m = \frac {5.00 \times 10^4 J}{ 186.501 J/g} = 268 g[/tex]

So, the mass of the glass needed to absorb 5.00x10⁴ J of heat, with the given temperature change, is approximately 268 grams.

Answer:

Oxidation State of H in H₂SO₄  = +1

Oxidation State of S in H₂SO₄  = +6

Oxidation State of O in H₂SO₄  = -2

Explanation:

Oxidation number:

oxidation number is an apparent charge of an atom in a compound.

the total charge on a compound is zero

So for H₂SO₄ total charge = 0

Hydrogen donate an electron in H₂SO₄ and have +1 charge that is oxidation number

***so to calculate oxidation number of  Sulfur and Oxygen in H₂SO₄

oxygen have 2- state

O.N. of H = 1+

O.N. of O = 2-

O.N. of S = x

H₂SO₄ =0

put values

(+1)2 + S + (-2)4=0

+2 + S -8 =0

S = 0-2 + 8

S = +6

****Now to find oxidation number of Oxygen

O.N. of H = 1+

O.N. of O = x

O.N. of S = +6

H₂SO₄ =0

put values

(+1)2 + (+6) + (O)4=0

+2 + 6 - (O) 4 =0

(O)4 = 0-2 - 8

(O)4 = -8

O = -8/4

O = -2

***Now to find oxidation number of Oxygen

O.N. of H = 1+

O.N. of O = x

O.N. of S = +6

H₂SO₄ =0

put values

(H)2 + (+6) + (-2)4=0

(H)2 + 6 - 8 =0

(H)2 = 0 - 6 + 8

(H)2 = +2

H = +2/2

H = +1

Answer:

Explanation:

Single replacement:

It is the reaction in which one elements replace the other element in compound.

General equation:

AB + C → AC + B

1) zinc and Copper sulfate

Zn + CuSO₄   →   ZnSO₄ + Cu

Zinc is more reactive than copper it displaces the copper from copper sulfate and form zinc sulfate.

2) Aluminium and Copper sulfate

2Al + 3CuSO₄   →  Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3Cu

Aluminium is more reactive than copper it displaces the copper from copper sulfate and form aluminium sulfate.

3) Zinc and silver nitrate

Zn + 2AgNO₃ → Zn(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag

zinc is more reactive than silver it displaces the silver from silver nitrate and form zinc nitrate.

4) copper and silver nitrate

Cu + 2AgNO₃  → Cu(NO₃)₂ + 2Ag

copper is more reactive than silver it displaces the silver from silver nitrate and form copper nitrate.

Final answer:

In a single-displacement reaction, one element replaces another element in a compound. The general equation for a single-displacement reaction is A + BC → AC + B.

Explanation:

In a single-displacement reaction, one element replaces another element in a compound. These reactions occur when a more reactive element displaces a less reactive element from its compound.

For example, in the reaction F2 + FeI3, fluorine (F2) replaces iodine (I) in the compound FeI3, resulting in the formation of FeF3:

2F2 + FeI3 → 2FeF3 + 3I2

The general equation for a single-displacement reaction can be written as A + BC → AC + B, where A is the more reactive element that displaces B from its compound BC.

Answer:

[tex]\large \boxed{\text{0.30 g }}[/tex]

Explanation:

1. Calculate the moles of NaOH

[tex]\text{Moles of NaOH} = \text{0.050 L solution} \times \dfrac{\text{0.15 mol NaOH}}{\text{1 L solution}} = \text{0.0075 mol NaOH}[/tex]

2. Calculate the mass of NaOH

[tex]\text{Mass of NaOH } = \text{0.0075 mol NaOH } \times \dfrac{\text{40.00 g NaOH }}{\text{1 mol NaOH }} = \textbf{0.30 g NaOH}\\\\\text{You need $\large \boxed{\textbf{0.30 g of NaOH}}$ to prepare the solution}[/tex]

Answer:

Volume of gas ( V ) = 19.8935 L

Explanation:

Data Given:

no. of mole of gas (n) = 21.0 mole

Pressure P = 78.0 atm

Temperature T = 900 K

Ideal gas constant = 0.08206  L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹

Volume of gas = ?

Formula used for Ideal gases

                                                PV = nRT

As we have to find volume of the gas:

We will rearrange the ideal gas equation as below:

                                         V = nRT / P  ........................................... (1)

Put value in equation (1)

                  V =  21.0 mol x 0.08206  L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹ x 900K / 78.0 atm

                  V = 19.8935 L

Volume of gas V = 19.8935 L

Answer:

999 kJ

Explanation:

Given are two reactions with enthalpies Δ[tex]H_1=-2,439\ kJ[/tex] and Δ[tex]H_2=3,438\ kJ[/tex]

We know enthalpy is an additive property.

Thus the overall chemical equation can be obtained from adding both the two elementary equations.

Therefore the overall enthalpy is the summation of enthalphy change in each equation.

Δ[tex]H_{overall} =[/tex]Δ[tex]H_1+[/tex]Δ[tex]H_2[/tex]

Δ[tex]H_{overall}[/tex] [tex]=-2,439+3,438=999\ kJ[/tex]

Therefore the overall enthalpy is 999 kJ.

Answer: D

Explanation:

just took it

Answer:True?!

Explanation:

Can someone answer this please I will fix it tomorrow if i remember

Answer:

true

Explanation:

Answer:

Mass = 547.2 g

Explanation:

Given data;

Mass of F₂ = ?

Moles of F₂ = 14.4 mol

Solution:

Formula

Number of moles = mass/ molar mass

Mass = number of moles × molar mass

Molar mass of F₂ =  38 g/mol

Mass = 14.4 mol × 38 g/mol

Mass = 547.2 g

The mass of 14.4 moles of F₂ is 547.2 grams.

To solve this, we need to know the molar mass of fluorine gas (F₂). Each fluorine atom has an atomic mass of approximately 19.0 g/mol. Since F₂ is a diatomic molecule, its molar mass is:

19.0 g/mol × 2 = 38.0 g/mol

Now, we multiply the molar mass by the number of moles given:

14.4 mol × 38.0 g/mol = 547.2 g

Thus, the mass of 14.4 moles of F₂ is 547.2 grams.

Answer:

Empirical formula is H₃PO₄

Explanation:

Given data:

Percentage of hydrogen = 3%

Percentage of P = 32%

Percentage of oxygen = 65%

Empirical formula = ?

Solution:

Number of gram atoms of H = 3 / 1= 3

Number of gram atoms of O = 65 / 16 = 4.06

Number of gram atoms of P = 32 / 31 = 1.03

Atomic ratio:

            H                      :      P                 :            O

           3/1.03               :     1.03/1.03      :         4.06/1.03

            3                      :        1               :              4

H : P : O = 3 : 1 : 4

Empirical formula is H₃PO₄.

Answer:

soil A mixture of weathered rock and decayed plants and animals. Plants need soil to grow. Soil is the top layer of Earth's land surface, in many places.

Explanation:

Soil is the mixture composed of eroded rocks, organic matter from decayed plants and animals, minerals, and other materials vital for plant growth and ecological foundations.

The material you're asking about, which is a mixture of small pieces of rock with decayed plants and animals, is known as soil. Soil is a blend of various components, including eroded rock, minerals, organic matter, and other materials. These ingredients are critical for supporting plant life and form the fundamental layers of terrestrial ecosystems.

The organic matter in soil typically comes from decaying plant and animal matter, which can vary from freshly fallen leaves to more fully decomposed materials, known as detritus. Additionally, soil may include biologic precipitates, fragments of rocks such as sand, silt, or clay, and in some cases, paths created by earthworms and burrows from moles.

9.17 mL

In this question we are given;

NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → H2O(l) + NaCl(aq)

We are required to determine the volume of the alkali, NaOH used;

Molarity = Number of moles ÷ Volume

Thus, rearranging the formula;

Moles = Molarity × volume

          = 0.055 M × 0.025 L

          = 0.001375 moles

Therefore;

Hence; Moles of NaOH = 0.001375 moles

Molarity = Moles ÷ Volume

Volume = Moles ÷ Molarity

Therefore;

Volume of NaOH = 0.001375 moles ÷ 0.150 M

                             = 0.00917 L, but, 1 L = 1000 mL

                             = 9.17 mL

Therefore, the volume of NaOH required is 9.17 mL

Answer:

[tex]8.4322\times10^{24} atoms[/tex] atoms are in 14 moles of cadmium.

Explanation:

Cadmium is a white and  silvery  metal  that is found in the curst of the earth.During the  production process of metals such as lead, copper, zinc, cadmium is extracted

Cadmium is present in some foods and is emitted when fossil fuels like as coal and oil is used, smoking cigarettes. It is used in craft glazes, metal batteries, and coatings.

We know that 1 mole of  Cadmium (Cd contains) 6.023*1023 atoms, which is Avogadro's number.

So in 14 Grams of Cadmium, the number of atoms present is,

=>14×number atoms present in one cadmium atom

=>[tex]14\times 6.023\times10^{23}[/tex]

=>[tex]8.4322\times10^{24} atoms[/tex]

The number of atoms of Cadmium present in 14 moles is 84.322  [tex]\rm \bold{\times\;10^2^3}[/tex] atoms.

The number of atoms in a mole of compounds can be given by the Avagadro number. The Avagadro number has been equal to 6.023 [tex]\rm \bold{\times\;10^2^3}[/tex]

Thus, 1 mole =  6.023 [tex]\rm \bold{\times\;10^2^3}[/tex] atoms

The given element has been Cadmium. The moles of Cadmium is 14 moles.

By simplifying with unitary method:

1 mole =  6.023 [tex]\rm \bold{\times\;10^2^3}[/tex] atoms

14 moles = [tex]\rm \dfrac{6.023\;\times\;10^2^3}{1}\;\times\;14[/tex] atoms

14 moles of Cadmium = 84.322 [tex]\rm \bold{\times\;10^2^3}[/tex] atoms.

The number of atoms of Cadmium present in 14 moles is 84.322  [tex]\rm \bold{\times\;10^2^3}[/tex] atoms.

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Answer:

self regulation

Explanation:

Answer:

A) Self-regulation

Explanation:

A self-regulated organism takes measures to balance its own survival with the scarce resources that the enviroment offers. In this case, the insect population is self-regulating because it is responding to changes in the food supply, and adapts itself accordingly.

In a way, self-regulation is like supply and demand. As supply of food decreases, but demand stays the same, scarcity ensues. This causes the need to reduce demand until a new equilibrium is reached, where demand and supply are equal.

Answer:

7

Explanation:

Because cobalt's a transition metal, the 7 'd'-type electrons can count as valence electrons, though they rarely react with anything.

Answer:

C. Speed is the distance per unit of time. Velocity is the displacement per unit of time.

This answer accurately describes the difference between speed and velocity.

Explanation:

A. If speed is constant, then velocity is also constant.

The above statement is not correct, the correct statement is if speed is constant its velocity is not necessarily constant.

Example: An object in uniform circular motion has constant speed but its velocity changes at every instant due to change in direction.

B. Speed requires direction. The direction doesn't matter when calculating velocity.

The above statement is not correct, the correct statement is

Speed does not require direction. The direction is necessary for calculating velocity.

Speed, a scalar quantity, requires magnitude only not the direction.

Velocity is vector quantity, requires magnitude as well as direction.

C. Speed is the distance per unit of time. Velocity is the displacement per unit of time.

The above statement is correct i.e.

Speed is the distance per unit of time. Velocity is the displacement per unit of time.

Answer:

Quantum mechanics or physics

Explanation:

Answer:The number of mole in the compounds are:

A. 6.60 g of (NH₄)₂SO₄ contains 0.05 mole.

B. 4.5 kg Ca(OH)₂ contains 60.81 moles

The mole of a substance is related to its mass and molar mass according to the equation:

With the above formula, we can obtain the answer to the questions given above. This is illustrated below:

A. Determination of the number of mole in  6.60 g of (NH₄)₂SO₄

Molar mass of (NH₄)₂SO₄ = 2[14 + (4×1)] + 32 + (4×16)

= 2[14 + 4] + 32 + 64

= 2[18] + 32 + 64

= 36 + 32 + 64

= 132 g/mol

Mass of NH₄)₂SO₄ = 6.60 g

Mole of NH₄)₂SO₄ =?

Mole of NH₄)₂SO₄ =

Mole of NH₄)₂SO₄ = 0.05 mole

Thus, 6.60 g of (NH₄)₂SO₄ contains 0.05 mole.

B. Determination of the number of mole in 4.5 kg Ca(OH)₂

Molar mass of Ca(OH)₂ = 40 + 2(16 + 1)

= 40 + 2(17)

= 40 + 34

= 74 g/mol

Mass of Ca(OH)₂ = 4.5 kg

= 4.5 × 1000

= 4500 g

Mole of Ca(OH)₂ =?

Mole of Ca(OH)₂ =

Mole of Ca(OH)₂ = 60.81 moles

Thus, 4.5 kg Ca(OH)₂ contains 60.81 moles

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Answer:

1st you read the column that has the subject then the tally column last you determine/read the frequency column

Explanation:

Answer:

Neither  

Explanation:

I plotted the graph of atomic radius vs. ionization energy for the first 10 elements.  

It shows neither a direct nor an inverse relationship.

However, it is clear that atomic size decreases as ionization energy increases.

Plotting atomic radius against first ionization energy reveals an inverse relationship; as atomic radius increases, the first ionization energy typically decreases.

If you plotted atomic radius versus first ionization energy, the graph would reveal an inverse relationship. This is because, generally, as atomic radius increases, the first ionization energy decreases. The ionization energy is affected by the principal quantum number (n) and the effective nuclear charge (Zeff), which relates to the strength of attraction between the nucleus and the valence electrons. Hence, a larger atomic radius means that the valence electrons are further from the nucleus and more shielded by other electrons, reducing the energy required to remove them. When plotting a graph of atomic radius versus first ionization energy, one would observe that points on the graph move downward as you go from top to bottom (from elements with a smaller atomic radius and higher ionization energy to elements with a larger atomic radius and lower ionization energy).

Answer:

This is called a "cell wall'.

Explanation:

Answer: cell wall

Explanation:

- Describe how you would make the salt from the reactants.

CuO + 2 HCl → CuCl₂ + H₂O

- Describe how you would purify the salt from the reaction mixture.

Filter the solution and let the product crystallize.

Explanation:

The reaction between copper oxide (CuO) and hydrochloric acid (HCl) will produce copper chloride (CuCl₂) and water:

CuO + 2 HCl → CuCl₂ + H₂O

-Describe how you would make the salt from the reactants

In a beaker which contain cooper oxide add the hydrochloric acid. To avoid working with concentrated hydrochloric acid, the acid may be diluted with water but make sure the add the stoechiometric amount (and a little bit of excess) in respect with the copper oxide.

-Describe how you would purify the salt from the reaction mixture.

Let the reaction proceed and then filter the solution to remove the unreacted cooper oxide.

Let the filtered solution, which contain copper chloride, water and unreacted hydrochloric acid, to stand undisturbed for several days. You may see the crystals growing from the solution. To speed up the process you may reduce the temperature.

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purifying compounds

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To produce pure crystals of copper chloride, react copper oxide with hydrochloric acid to form copper chloride and water, then purify by filtration and evaporation to obtain copper chloride crystals.

To produce pure crystals of copper chloride from copper oxide and hydrochloric acid, the reaction involves a simple acid-base reaction, following the general word equation: acid + metal oxide → salt + water. First, copper oxide would react with hydrochloric acid to form copper chloride and water. This reaction can be represented by the equation CuO(s) + 2HCl(aq) → CuCl2(aq) + H2O(l).

To purify the copper chloride, the resulting mixture would need to be filtered to remove any unreacted copper oxide. Then, the copper chloride solution would be evaporated to obtain the crystals. This evaporation could either be done by gently heating the solution to accelerate the process or by allowing the water to evaporate naturally over time.

a. True. Water exists as a liquid between 0 and 100 degrees Celsius.

Freezing Point: Water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius (32 degrees Fahrenheit). This is the temperature at which water starts to change from a liquid to a solid (ice) under normal atmospheric pressure.

Boiling Point: Boiling point of water is 100 degrees Celsius (212 degrees Fahrenheit). This is the temperature at which water changes from a liquid to a gas (steam) under normal atmospheric pressure.

Answer: It would be decomposition :)

Answer:

MnSO₄ → MnO+SO₃ is a decomposition reaction.

Explanation:

In a decomposition reaction, a single substance breaks down or breaks down, producing two or more different substances. In other words, decomposition reactions are those that form two or more substances from a compound. In this reaction the atoms that form a compound are separated to give the products according to the formula:

AB → A + B

This type of reactions can occur spontaneously or caused by certain external factors, such as heat, that promote the breakdown of the molecule into simpler substances.

There are 3 types of decomposition reactions, depending on the external factor that causes the reaction:

Then MnSO₄ → MnO+SO₃ is a decomposition reaction.

Answer: As an object falls its potential energy decreases, while its kinetic energy increases. The decrease in potential energy is exactly equal to the increase in kinetic energy.

Explanation:

Answer: hydrogen has 0.0504% and Fluorine has 0.950%

Explanation: H= 1.00794

F= 18.9984

1 X 1.00794+ 1 X 18.9984= 20.00778g/mol

H= 1.00794/20.00778= 0.0504%

F-18.9984/20.00778= 0.950%