Answer:
The answer is (a).Presentation Layer
Explanation:
This layer is located at the 6th level of the OSI model, responsible for delivering and formatting the information to the upper layer for further processing. This service is needed because different types of computer uses different data representation. The presentation layer handles issues related to data presentation and transport, including encryption,translation and compression.
What is the difference between the throw statement and the throws clause?
Answer:
throw and throws represent different constructs in Java programming language.
Explanation:
throw is used to explicitly throw an Exception from within a code segment.
For example:
public void throw_test(String str){
if(str==null) throw new NullPointerException();
}
throws is used to specify an exception list which may be thrown by a method:
For example:
public String readFromFile(File f) throws IOException {
.....
// Some code fragment which could throw a IOException
}
Which type of partitioning is performed onRelation-X?
a. Horizontal Partitioning
b. Vertical Partitioning
c. Replication
d. Noneof above
Answer: B) Vertical Partitioning
Explanation:
As, vertical partitioning is performed on Relation X, it is used for dividing the relation X vertically in columns and it involves creation of tables and columns. They also use some additional tables to store left out columns. We cannot partition the column without perform any modification of value of the column. It only relies on keeping the particular attributes of relation X.
What is queue operations in datastructures?
Answer:
Queue- It is a data structure,unlike stacks we can insert and delete elements from both sides.
It works on the principle FiFo(first in first out) i.e the element which is inserted at the starting will be the one for deleting.
We can perform many operations on queue like enqueue(),dequeue() and many more.
Queue Operations
enqueue()-This operation is used to add elements in Queue,we add element to rear.
Example-
Queue.prototype.enqueue = insertval(5)
{
this.array.push(5); //inserting elements to a queue
}
dequeue()-This operation is used to remove elements from Queue,while removing data from front.
Example-
Queue. prototype. dequeue = removalval(5)
{
this.array.pop(5); //removing elements from a queue
}
peek()-This operation is used to get the element from front i.e first element.
Example-
int peek()
{
return queue[front];
}
isfull()-This operation is used to check whether the queue is full or not.
Example-
bool isfull()
{
if(rear == MAXSIZE - 1) //checking queue is full
return true;
else
return false;
}
isempty()-This operation is used to check whether the queue is empty or not.
Example
bool isempty()
{
if(front < 0 || front > rear) //checking queue is empty or not
return true;
else
return false;
}
For java
Write a for loop to print all elements in courseGrades, following each element with a space (including the last). Print forwards, then backwards. End each loop with a newline. Ex: If courseGrades = {7, 9, 11, 10}, print:
7 9 11 10 10 11 9 7
Hint: Use two for loops. Second loop starts with i = NUM_VALS - 1.
Answer:
public class array{
public static void main(String []args){
int[] array = {2,4,7,1,9};
int num_vals = array.length;
for(int i=0;i<num_vals;i++){
System.out.println(array[i] + " ");
}
for(int i=num_vals-1;i>=0;i--){
System.out.println(array[i] + " ");
}
}
}
Explanation:
First create the class in the java programming.
Then create the main function and declare the array with values.
Store the size of array in num_vals variable by using the function array.length.
create a for loop to iterate the each element in the array and then print on the screen with spaces and newline.
it traverse the loop from first to last.
Then, again create the for loop to iterate the each element in the array and then print on the screen with spaces and newline but the traversing start from last to first.
Describe the input/output characteristic of a workstation/PC thatcan be used by engineers for computer-aided design.
Answer and Explanation:
The characteristics of input/output of PC/workstation can be described as:
Input/Ouput devices works as the interface between the user and the device. It provides us to give commands to our system and get the outputs as per the commands or instructions provided.
Input devices are those which allow us to give instructions or commands to our system like that of a keyboard in a PC, it allows us to write into our system and give commands to it to perform a particular task. these instructions are then converted into signals to be readable by the system(machine language). Another input device is mouse.
Output devices are those which provides us with the desired results converted in the form readable by us. Like monitor of our PC displays the desired results and same goes for printer it prints the results.
There are different input/output files for different operating systems as in 'C' there is a whole library for input/out commands.
what are the different type of topologies..?
Answer: There are different types of topologies are: 1) Bus topology, 2)Star topology, 3)Ring topology
Explanation: The physical layout in which the network connection are made is known as topology.
Types of topologies are explained as:
1) Bus topology-
It is a type of network where every device is connected to a single cable, which runs one end to another. In this data is transmitted in one direction only and it is also known as linear bus topology.It is cost effective because they can be run in a single cable.2) Star topology-
In star topology every node in the network is connected to one central node. The central node or hub also acts as a repeater and it can manage the entire network from one location.3) Ring topology-
In this topology computers are connected to each other in circular format and every device in a network will have two neighbors. In this the risk of collision is very low and low cost to install.The ArrayList class ____ method returns the current ArrayList size.
a.
length
b.
size
c.
rows
d.
capacity
Answer:
b. size
Explanation:
We can use the size() method of java.util.ArrayList to determine the size of an ArrayList in Java. The size() method of the ArrayList class returns an integer which is equal to the number of elements present in the ArrayList.
Below is an example code to illustrate the use of the size() method of the ArrayList:-
ArrayList<Integer> aList = new ArrayList<Integer>(5);
aList.add(25);
aList.add(2);
aList.add(5);
aList.add(22);
System.out.println("Size of the array list: " + aList.size());
This will print the size of the array list as 4 since we've added four numbers into the array list.
The goal of quality assurance is toprovide management with the data needed to determine whichsoftware engineers are producingthe most defects.
i. True
ii. False
wHAT ARE THE 5 LAYERS in the internet protocol stack andwhat are the principal responsibilities of eack of theselayers.?
Answer: The 5 different layers in the IP stack are as follows:
1. Physical Layer
2. Data Link Layer
3. Network Layer
4. Transport Layer
5. Application Layer
Explanation:
The functions of the different layers are:
The physical layer is concerned with transfer of bits across the different nodes, The data link layer is concerned with transmission of frames with error detection and correction. The network layer is concerned with routing the packets across various nodes in the router. The transport layer deal with the implementation of protocols such as TCP and UDP. The Application layer host a numerous software applications such as HTTP, SMTP for client server connections.
Given positive integer numInsects, write a while loop that prints that number doubled without reaching 100. Follow each number with a space. After the loop, print a newline. Ex: If numInsects = 8, print:
8 16 32 64
import java.util.Scanner;
public class InsectGrowth {
public static void main (String [] args) {
int numInsects = 0;
The question is about writing a Java while loop to double a number without exceeding 100, relevant to Computers and Technology in a high school context. The loop prints each doubled value followed by a space and stops before the number reaches 100, after which it prints a new line.
The subject of the question is related to Computers and Technology, particularly focusing on programming and the use of while loops in Java. A while loop is used to repeatedly execute a block of code as long as a specified condition is true. In the context of the student's question, the goal is to use a while loop to double a positive integer without exceeding a certain threshold (in this case, 100).
To solve the problem, we need to set up a while loop that continues to operate as long as the doubled value of numInsects is less than 100. Here is the code snippet that accomplishes this:
while (numInsects < 100) {This loop starts by checking if the current value of numInsects is less than 100. If it is, the value is printed followed by a space, and then numInsects is doubled. The process repeats until the condition is no longer true (i.e., numInsects is 100 or more), at which point a newline is printed to conclude the output.
Define function print_popcorn_time() with parameter bag_ounces. If bag_ounces is less than 3, print "Too small". If greater than 10, print "Too large". Otherwise, compute and print 6 * bag_ounces followed by "seconds". End with a newline.
Answer:
void print_popcorn_time(int bag_ounces){
if(bag_ounces < 3){
cout<<"Too small"<<endl;
}else if(bag_ounces > 10){
cout<<"Too large"<<endl;
}else{
cout<<(6 * bag_ounces)<<"seconds"<<endl;
}
}
Explanation:
The function is the block of the statement which performs the special task.
For checking the condition in the program, the if-else statement is used.
It can check the condition one or two but if we want to check the more than two different conditions then the continuous if-else statement is used.
syntax of continuous if else:
if(condition){
statement;
}else if(condition)
statement;
}else{
statement;
}
In the question, there are three conditions;
1. bag_ounces is less than 3
2. bag_ounces greater than 10
3. else part.
we put the condition in the above if-else statement and print the corresponding message.
Answer:
def print_popcorn_time(bag_ounces):
if bag_ounces < 3:
print("Too small")
elif bag_ounces > 10:
print("Too large")
else:
bag_ounces = bag_ounces * 6
print(bag_ounces, "seconds")
Explanation:
def print_popcorn_time(bag_ounces): #fed function
if bag_ounces < 3: #1st if statement
print("Too small") #print function
elif bag_ounces > 10: #else if
print("Too large") #print than print
else: #else:
bag_ounces = bag_ounces * 6 #do work
print(bag_ounces, "seconds") #print
Define an I/O port. Which functions are performed by it?
Answer:
I/O port is an input output port of a computer which is capable of receiving (input) and sending (output) data. The main function of a I/O port is to send and receive data. As it is used to transfer data. Device such as keyboards is an input device and printer is an output device.
For example - Modem is an input output port and device where we can connect it with the computer is called I/O port.
Hypercompetition implies that any architecture must be designed with maximum flexibility and _____ to ensure it can handle the imminent business changes. modularity quantity scalability sustainability availability
Answer:
scalability
Explanation:
Hypercompetition implies that any architecture must be designed with maximum flexibility and scalability to ensure it can handle the imminent business changes.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) is an example of a single user database.
A.
True
B.
False
Answer:
false
Explanation:
Under what circumstances would a user bebetter off using a time-sharing system rather than a PC or asingle-user workstation?
Answer:
Time and Money
Explanation:
Great question, it is always good to ask away and get rid of any doubts that you may be having.
A time-shared system has its benefits compared to a PC or single-user workstation. Firstly, if more than one person is working on the same project it can save time instead of finishing a part on a single-user workstation and having to move, upload and download constant information.
Secondly, and most importantly is probably the amount of money or investment needed for for more than one workstation. Having a time-shared system saves a huge amount of money for a company especially if the company is tight on a budget.
I hope this answered your question. If you have any more questions feel free to ask away at Brainly.
When an integer is subtracted from a pointer variable, the value of the pointer variable is decremented by the integer times half the size of the memory to which the pointer is pointing.
True
False
Answer:
False
Explanation:
When you apply subtraction (arithmetic operation) on Pointer variable ,then pointer variable is decremented by the (integer*sizeofmemory).
Example
#include<stdio.h>
//driver function
int main()
{
float *ptr=(float *)100; //initializing ptr as pointer type
ptr=ptr-2; //subtracting pointer by 2(integer)
printf("New Value of ptr is %u",ptr);
return 0;
}
Output
New Value of ptr is 92
Explanation of Code
ptr = ptr - 2 * (sizeof(float))
= 100 - 2 * (4) //float size is 4 bytes
= 100 - 8
= 92
Which of the following is a true statement?
a. Message body in reachable by the main program.
b. Two methods can have the same header.
c. Formal and actual parameters may have the samenames.
d. Local variables are recognized by the mainprogram.
Answer: D. Local variables are recognized by the main program
Explanation: Local variables can be accessed in the function that they are defined within .If you require the variables which should be accessible by every function in a particular program the they should be defined globally in the program . Therefore local variables are recognized by the main program throughout.
Answer:
d. Local variables are recognized by the main program.
Explanation:
Local variables are recognized by the main program, is a true statement.
However, message body in reachable by the main program, two methods can have the same header, and formal and actual parameters may have the same names are NOT true statements.
Values that are sent into a function are called _________.
Program Output
Answer:
Argument
Explanation:
The function is the block of the statement which performs the special task.
when we define the function in the program then we have to call that function.
the syntax for defining the function:
type name(parameter_1, parameter_2,...){
statement;
}
the syntax for calling the function:
name( argument_1, argument_2,...);
Meaning of parameter and argument
The argument is used to send the value into the function definition. this can be passed by value or pass by reference.
The parameter is used to receive the value send by calling function.
Therefore, the answer is the Argument.
Why must you be careful when handling a hard drive?
The ____ is the type to which all operands in an expression are converted so that they are compatible with each other.
a.
data type
b.
primitive
c.
unifying type
d.
numbered
Answer: the correct answer is c. unifying type .
Explanation:
The unifying type is the type to which all operands in an expression are converted so that they are compatible with each other.
)What is proceduralabstraction, and why is it important inComputer Science
Answer:
Procedural abstraction is a method in which all sub tasks of a whole functionality must be created separately as method and each method/ procedure must be performing a distinct functionality. For example if we want to write a program to calculate and display result of students in class and create separate methods to get students record, to calculate grades to display results is a procedural abstraction approach. Here not only the methods created have distinctive function the administrative can vary the level of abstraction as well.
It is important in computer science for the following ways:
1) Increase the level of code readiness as all separate functionality tasks will have a separate methods.
2) Prevents unauthorized of data.
Describe how you can use multiple arguments in a method.
Answer:
name(argument_1, argument_2, argument_3,.......);
Explanation:
The function is a block of the statement which performs the special task.
Syntax for calling the function:
name(argument_1, argument_2, argument_3,.......);
we write the name of the function and passed the arguments.
we can pass any number of arguments with separator ',' in the function calling.
for example:
1. print(name, value, count, a, b);
2. print(name, value);
Here, name, value, count,a and b are the arguments of the function.
if we does not pass any argument, the function still valid in the programming.
we can pass from Null to any number of argument.
Final answer:
To use multiple arguments in a method, separate them with a comma within the method's parentheses. This approach enables methods to perform more dynamic and flexible operations with variable inputs. An example includes a method to add two numbers, defined with two arguments, which are supplied in the same order when the method is called.
Explanation:
Using multiple arguments in a method allows for more dynamic and flexible code, enabling the method to perform tasks with variable inputs. In programming, a method can be understood as a set of instructions that performs a particular task. Arguments are inputs you give to a method so that it can perform its task with specific data. To use multiple arguments, you simply separate them with a comma within the parentheses of a method call.
For example, if you have a method designed to add two numbers, you might define it as follows: add(int num1, int num2). Here, num1 and num2 are the arguments. When calling this method, you would provide two numbers as arguments like add(5, 7), instructing the method to add 5 and 7.
In more complex scenarios, such as in object-oriented programming, methods might require multiple arguments of different types, such as strings, integers, or even objects. This variety allows developers to construct highly customizable and efficient code. For instance, a method for creating a user profile might require several arguments such as name, age, and email address: createUserProfile(String name, int age, String email).
When designing methods that accept multiple arguments, it’s important to consider the order of arguments, as they must be supplied in the same order when the method is called. Additionally, leveraging method overloading - defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameters - increases flexibility and readability in how methods can be used with varying arguments.
Reference variables allow arguments to be passed by ____________.
Answer:
Reference
Explanation:
The Reference type variable is such type of variable in C# that holds the reference of memory address instead of value. Examples for reference type are classes, interfaces, delegates and arrays.
We can pass parameters to the method by reference using ref keyword
It’s mandatory to initialize the variable value before we pass it as an argument to the method in c#
For example,
int x = 10; // Variable need to be initialized
Add(ref x); // method call
If you pass parameters by reference in method definition, any changes made to it affect the other variable in method call.
Here's a sample program:
using System;
namespace ConsoleApplication
{
public class Test
{
public static void Main()
{
int i = 10;
Console.WriteLine("i=" + i);
Add(ref i);
Console.WriteLine("i=" + i);
Console.ReadLine();
}
public static void Add( ref int j)
{
j = j + 10;
Console.WriteLine("j="+j);
}
}
}
Output:
i=10
j=20
i=20
Does Logarithms and Algorithms same things?
Answer: No, logarithms and algorithms are not the same things.
Explanation:
Logarithms:- It is usually mention term in the mathematical field. It is mentioned as the function used for determination of exponent of base where the base is equal to some known number.
Algorithms:- It is a procedure which is used for solving any certain type of problem using tools like flowchart, programming languages etc. It is usually a term that is mentioned in computer science or mathematics to solve a problem in steps , instruction or other ways.
Write multiple if statements. If car_year is 1969 or earlier, print "Few safety features." If 1970 or later, print "Probably has seat belts." If 1990 or later, print "Probably has antilock brakes." If 2000 or later, print "Probably has airbags." End each phrase with a period and a newline.
The task involves writing multiple if statements to classify car safety features based on the car's year. The conditions must be evaluated in ascending order to print out the correct safety features associated with each time period.
When writing multiple if statements in a programming context to classify the safety features of a car based on its year, you would structure your code similar to this:
if car_year \<= 1969:
print("Few safety features.\n")
elif car_year \< 1990:
print("Probably has seat belts.\n")
elif car_year \< 2000:
print("Probably has antilock brakes.\n")
else:
print("Probably has airbags.\n")
This series of if statements evaluates the variable car_year and prints a message related to the safety features that the car is likely to have, depending on its manufacture year. It's important to place the conditions in ascending order by year, so the correct message is printed as soon as its condition is met.
Which ofthe following is the most correct statement about the interestsection of the indirect plan for persuasion?
a- Downplay any negative points.
b- Be positiveand brief.
c- Makeaction easy.
d- Showbenefits to receiver.
Answer: d)- Show benefits to receiver
Explanation: Indirect plan is the approaching a person in a indirect manner and just giving the hint about the main idea rather than presenting the main idea. For creating interest section the idea of attracting the receiver by showing the benefits of the plan is the major option. Because just by sharing the benefit and hint of plan,receiver tends to be attracted towards the plan .
TRUE/FALSE
10. The Intel 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) schedules the handling of interrupts according to their priority levels.
Answer:
TRUE
Explanation:
The Intel 8259 is a device designed for 8085 and 8086 intel microprocessor.
The Intel 8259 Interrupt Controller (PIC) accept the requests from the I/O devices and check whether the requests is of the higher priority than the ongoing request serviced by CPU. Interrupt is issued to the CPU based on priorities,if the request is of higher priority than ongoing service then Interrupt will be issued the ongoing service will pause and the new request will be processed. If new request has less priority then no interrupt will be issued, New request will wait for CPU to free.
- What is the final value of the variable myPar given the following code fragment? int counter = 5; int myPar = 1; do { myPar = myPar + 2; counter = counter + 1; } while(counter <= 1);
Answer:
3
Explanation:
do-while is the loop statement used for executing the part of the code again and again until the condition not false.
when the condition is false, the program terminates the loop statement and starts executing the next of the do-while statement.
It has the special property, it executes the statement first and then checks the condition.
So, it executes the statement once if we provide the condition false.
Another side, the other loop statement like for loop, while loop they check the condition first and then start executing the statement if condition true.
In the question, the counter is 5 and myPar is 1
then the program executes the statement first.
so, myPar = 1+2=3
myPar assigns through the value 3. then counter increase by one.
the counter value becomes 2.
then check the condition 2 <= 1, condition false and program terminate.
Therefore, the answer is 3.
Assume that to_the_power_of is a function that expects two int parameters and returns the value of the first parameter raised to the power of the second parameter. Write a statement that calls to_the_power_of to compute the value of cube_side raised to the power of 3 and that associates this value with cube_volume.
Answer:
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>
using namespace std;
int to_the_power_of(int first, int second){
int result = pow(first, second);
return result;
}
int main()
{
int side;
cout<<"Enter the side of cube: ";
cin>>side;
int volume = to_the_power_of(side, 3);
cout<<"The volume is "<<volume<<endl;
return 0;
}
Explanation:
include the library iostream and math.h for using the input/output instruction and pow() function.
create the main function and declare the variable.
then, print the message for asking to enter the value from user.
the enter value is then store in the variable using cin instruction.
then, call the function with two parameters. program control move to the define function and calculate the first parameter raised to the power of the second parameter.
then return the result to the main function and finally print the result.
Write a c++ program that accepts a string from the user and then replaces all occurrences of the letter e with the letter x
Answer:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
string str;
cout<<"Enter the string: ";
cin>>str;
for(int i=0;str[i]!='\0';i++){
if(str[i]=='e'){
str[i]='x';
}
}
cout<<"the string is: "<<str<<endl;
return 0;
}
Explanation:
First, include the library iostream for using the input/output instructions.
Create the main function and declare the variables.
Then, use the cout instruction and print the message on the screen.
cin store the string enter by the user into a variable.
After that, take a for loop and if-else statement for checking the condition if the string contains the 'e', then change that alphabet to 'x'.
This process continues until the string not empty.
Finally, print the updated string.