In a particular context, “epoch” can refer to a particular point of time characterized by a particular event/series of events.
While “era” refers to a period of time characterized by events in a chronological order.
Thus, an “era” can encompass more than one “epoch”.
“Period” can refer to a short interval of time or a very long interval of time.
For example:
“Eon” refers to an indefinitely long time. Eon is presumed to consist of at least 2 eras.
Answer:
Eras, Eons, Epochs and Periods are the division and subdivisions of geological time scale based on the changes in the geography, geology, climate and other characteristics of the earth.
The sequence of the various divisions depends on the length of each unit of time relative to each other.
sequence of time period is as follows:
Eons > Eras > Periods > Epochs
1.Eons-The longest division of time scale which lasts for billion of years.
Geologists recognised three major Eons as:
Phanerozoic Eon (570-present)
Proterozoic Eon (2500-570 mya)
Archean Eon (3800-2500 mya)
2.Eras-eras are the subdivision of Eons which froms the second longest division of time scale. Eras can lasts for tens to hundreds miliion of years.
These are recognised as:
Coenozoic Era (66 mya-present)
Mesozoic Era (66-240 mya)
Paleozoic Era (240-570 mya)
.
3. Periods- Subdivion of time scale which is relatively shorter in time length.
periods can last for tens to million of year
Geologists have divided eras into periods-
Coenozoic Era
Quaternary-(present)- Evolution of humans
Tertiary- Mammals diversified
Mesozoic Era
Cretaceous-extiction of dinosaurus
Jurassic-Dinosaurus diversified
Permian- age of mammals
Paleozoic Era
Pennysylvian-First reptiles
Mississipian-seed ferns
Devonian-first amphibians
Slurian-first land plants
Ordovician - metazoan diversification
Cambrian-first fishes
4.Epochs- subdivision longer than an age but shorter than a period .
Epoch can last for tens of million years.
What are the essential components for controlling Type II diabetes? What are some differences between Type I diabetes and Type II diabetes? Using the exchange system, if a person ate two fat exchanges with a meal, such as one-quarter of an avocado, how many calories would he or she get from the avocado? How can using an exchange list help a person with diabetes maintain his or her health? Using carbohydrate counting, how many grams of carbohydrates does a ham sandwich contain? What is the carbohydrate counting method, and how is it used in diet control?
A healthy lifestyle pattern includes a balanced diet, regular exercise, and the absence of any type of disease. The rest is also a crucial part of the routine to live a healthy lifestyle.
Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. Insulin regulates the level of glucose in the blood. The depleted amount of insulin blood leads to the disease of diabetes.
Type I diabetes is insulin-dependent, such that it requires the injection of insulin to maintain the glucose level in the body. The human body fails to produce the insulin that can be caused due to the autoimmune reaction. Type 2 diabetes is not insulin-dependent, such that a person can treat the disease with prior exercise and the type of diet they are taking. Type II diabetes has been linked to obesity, poor dietary habits, and inadequate nutrients.The exchange list is used by diabetics to give them freedom of choice. The patient is free to choose the type of food and maintain the calorie level.
The one fat exchange is equal to the 45 calories.
For example, there are 0.30 or two units of carbs, which is equal to the two servings of bread starch slices.
The primary nutrient, carbohydrates plays a crucial role in the diet of a diabetic. The intake of carbohydrates allows the diabetic to control the diet and follow a healthy lifestyle. The flexibility of the food menu is provided as only intake of carbohydrates is calculated.
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Which instruments do volcanologists use to predict volcanic eruptions
When preparing food, it is especially important to keep _______________ out of the danger zone because bacteria can grow rapidly?
Perishable foods should be kept out of the 'danger zone' of 40°F and 140°F, where bacteria can grow quickly. This is crucial in food preparation to maintain food safety and prevent foodborne illnesses.
Explanation:When preparing food, it is especially important to keep perishable foods out of the danger zone because bacteria can grow rapidly. The 'danger zone' is the temperature range in which bacteria can grow, typically between 40°F and 140°F (4°C and 60°C). Perishable foods like meat, dairy, and cooked vegetables should be kept out of this temperature range to maintain food safety. The fast growth of bacteria in this zone can lead to foodborne illnesses, so it's critical to keep foods properly chilled or heated.
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What advantages might a multicellular alga have over a swimming single-celled one?
An advantage of an alimentary canal over a gastrovascular cavity is that the alimentary canal _____.
Predict: logging removes vegetation that anchors soil and prevents erosion. how do you think logging will affect a coral reef? explain.
Which event from American born Chinese is an example of foreshadowing
Which best compares the roles of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and certain decomposers in the nitrogen cycle?
Both organisms convert free nitrogen into nitrogen-containing compounds.
Both organisms convert nitrogen-containing compounds into free nitrogen.
The bacteria convert free nitrogen into nitrogen-containing compounds, while the decomposers convert nitrogen-containing compounds into free nitrogen.
The bacteria convert nitrogen-containing compounds into free nitrogen, while the decomposers convert free nitrogen into nitrogen-containing compounds.
Answer:
The bacteria convert free nitrogen into nitrogen-containing compounds, while the decomposers convert nitrogen-containing compounds into free nitrogen.
Explanation:
Nitrogen is an essential element for all living organisms. It is required for synthesis protein and nucleic acids and other nitrogenous compounds. Some nitrogen fixing organisms such as Rhizobium, fixes atmospheric nitrogen (N₂) into usable forms such as nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonium (NH₄⁺ ) in the soil. The plants take up (NO₃⁻) and (NH₄⁺ )by absorption from the soil by their roots and make protein and nucleic acids. Animals take up nitrogen by eating plants. On death of a plant or animal and the nitrogenous waste produced by animals, decomposers such as bacteria and fungi convert this organic nitrogen into ammonium (NH4⁺) and later into NO₂⁻ and NO₃⁻. Denitrifying bacteria change NO₃⁻ into free nitrogen (N₂).
The statement that compares the roles of nitrogen-fixing bacteria and decomposers in the nitrogen cycle is : ( C ) The bacteria convert free nitrogen into nitrogen-containing compounds while the decomposers convert nitrogen-containing compounds into free nitrogen
What Happens in the Nitrogen cycleNitrogen is essential for every living organism because in the Nitrogen cycle, nitrogen fixing organisms ( Rhizobium ) fixes nitrogen into the soil in the form of nitrate or ammonium ( NH₄⁺ ).
The nitrate and ammonium is taken up by the plants by absorption through its roots and is used for the production of protein and nucleic acids .as the plants die the bacteria convert the nitrogen compounds into free nitrogen.
Hence we can conclude that The bacteria convert free nitrogen into nitrogen-containing compounds while the decomposers convert nitrogen-containing compounds into free nitrogen
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Where are proteins made
its b thats the right awnser thank me later
A complex network of glands that release tiny amounts of hormones into the bloodstream of humans and other vertebrate animals is the ____.
Explain how two pea plants with round yellow peas can, when crossed, produce offspring with the recessive traits—green wrinkled peas. Use a Punnett square in your explanation.
Two pea plants with round yellow peas can produce offspring with green wrinkled peas if they are both heterozygous (YyRr). A dihybrid Punnett square can be used to demonstrate the probability of these recessive traits appearing in the offspring, which is 1 in 16 for green wrinkled peas.
Explanation:Understanding Dihybrid Crosses in Pea Plants:
When crossing two pea plants that both display the dominant phenotypes of round and yellow peas, it is possible to produce offspring with the recessive traits of green and wrinkled peas if both parent plants are heterozygous for these traits (YyRr). A dihybrid Punnett square is a tool that illustrates the crossing of individuals for two different traits simultaneosly. In this case, each parent would have the genotype YyRr, meaning they both carry alleles for both green (y) and wrinkled (r) peas, but these traits are not expressed because yellow (Y) and round (R) are dominant.
To utilize a dihybrid Punnett square in this context, we set up a 4x4 grid representing the potential combinations of alleles from each parent. The father's gametes are listed on the top, and the mother's gametes down the left side. Each has four possible gametes they can contribute, such as YR, Yr, yR, and yr. By filling out the Punnett square, we find there is a 1 in 16 chance for an offspring to be green and wrinkled (yyrr) which reveals that these particular parents can indeed produce such offspring despite not showing the traits themselves.
If two pea plants both with round yellow peas were truly heterozygous for these traits, their genotypes would be YyRr. The Punnett square combination from these parents may yield offspring with a genotype of yyrr, resulting in the expression of the recessive green and wrinkled pea phenotype.
a mirror will reflect A. all wave lengths of visible light that will shine on it B. Some wavelengths of visible light that will shine on it C. None of the wavelengths of visable light that will shine on it D. Only the visible light that slows down enough to be reflected.
A mirror will reflect B. Some wavelengths of visible light that will shine on it. Every matter absorbs light in certain wavelength. The wavelength is absorbed by the molecules that make up the matter. The wavelengths of light that do not get absorbed are reflected back. As with mirror, it has a narrow absorption band for the wavelengths of light in visible spectrum (graph shows that silver mirror has 85% reflectance in the visible spectrum). Hence it appears to us that all of the visible light gets reflected.
A. All wavelengths of visible light that will shine on it.
When light waves hit a smooth, shiny surface like a mirror, they bounce off in a predictable manner. This process is called specular reflection. Mirrors are designed to reflect all wavelengths of visible light that hit their surface, maintaining the colors and intensity of the reflected light.
This property allows mirrors to create accurate reflections of the objects and scenes in front of them. Unlike some surfaces that may absorb certain wavelengths and reflect others, a mirror reflects almost all incident visible light wavelengths, which is why it can show a clear and true-to-color image of its surroundings.
A mutation causes a tomato plant to have much fewer, smaller leaves. Plants use their leaves to make food.
Which best describes this mutation?
Answer:
It’s A mate
Explanation:
The advantages of seeds, compared to spores, include ________.
Please select the word from the list that best fits the definition sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake
Sediment deposited where a river flows into an ocean or lake is a delta.
A delta is a triangle shaped low landform that forms from deposition of sediment transported by a river as the flow leaves its mouth and enters a water body (such as an ocean, lake or a reservoir) that cannot transport the released sediment. Delta formation is based on certain factors including the location, size and geometry of the receiving basin.
Which of the following is a way that minerals are used?
a.
industry
b.
construction
c.
technology
d.
all of the above
where is 90 percent of earths ice found
If a germ cell has 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will you find in the daughter cells, after meiosis?
The allele for a hitchhiker's thumb is recessive compared to straight thumbs, which are dominant. . in a population of 1000 individuals, 510 show the dominant phenotype. how many individuals would you expect for each of the three possible genotypes for this trait?
What is advantage of genetic engineering compared to artificial selection?
Samantha has entered several formulas in her worksheet. all of a sudden, she realizes that the cells that once displayed the formula results are now displaying the formulas and all of the columns are wider. she must have switched to ____.
The student is referring to the formula view mode in Microsoft Excel, where cells display formulas instead of results. To switch back to normal view, Samantha can go to the 'Formulas' tab and click on 'Show Formulas' button. She can also adjust column width by double-clicking on the right border of column header.
Explanation:The student is referring to the formula view mode in Microsoft Excel. When this mode is enabled, the cells display the formulas instead of the results. It is possible that Samantha inadvertently switched to this mode.
To switch back to the normal view mode, Samantha can go to the 'Formulas' tab and click on the 'Show Formulas' button to toggle the formula view on or off. Additionally, the wider columns can be adjusted by double-clicking on the right border of the column header or using the 'AutoFit Column Width' option under the 'Home' tab.
If Samantha needs assistance with a specific formula or wants to learn more about Excel, she can seek help from her teacher, use online tutorials, or consult the Excel help documentation.
Some steps in mitosis are shown below in the incorrect order:
Step A: Chromosomes line up at the center of the cell
Step B: The cell membrane squeezes the middle of the cell to form two identical daughter cells
Step C: The sister chromatids are pulled apart
Step D: The chromosomes pair up
Which of the following sequences puts the steps in the correct order?
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The population size of a predator species is directly controlled by _.
Answer:
Population size of its prey.
Explanation:
Predators are the organisms that derive their nutrition by killing other organisms (prey). Increase in population size of prey increases the food availability for predators and leads to an increase in their population size. On the other hand, reduced prey population reduces the population size of predators due to low food availability.
The law of reflection states that if the angle of incidence is 38 degrees, the angle of reflection is ___ degrees.
Consumption of 10 mcg of folate as cooked spinach and 10 mcg folic acid supplement
a. results in _____ mcg dfe.
If someone consume 10 mcg of folate as cooked spinach and 10 mcg folic acid supplement then it results in 23.4mcg dfe as 1mcg of folic acid/ folate is equals to 1.67 mcg dfe.
What is Folic acid?Folic acid is also known as Folate. it is a type of vitamin known as vitamin B9 or folacin. It is the water soluble vitamin. Its chemical formula is [tex]C_{9}H_{9}N_{7}O_{6}[/tex].
It helps the body to make red blood cells. It is present in certain foods. It is necessary in women for who are pregnant if not taken in proper amount it can cause major birth defects of a babies brain or spine.
It helps to form DNA and RNA and it is also involved in protein metabolism. It plays a role in breaking down of homocysteine which is the type of amino acid that can exert harmful effects in the blood if it is present in the body in high amount.
The RDA for folate is in micrograms of dietary folate equivalents (DFE). Men and women ages 19 years and older should aim for 400 mcg DFE. 1 mcg dfe is equal to 0.6 MCG of Folic acid.
Foods with Folic acid include leafy green vegetables, fruits, dried beans, peas, nuts and other green products.
Its deficiency can include megaloblastic anemia which arises due to lack of folate in the diet that produces less RBC and larger in size than normal.
Thus, if someone consume 10 mcg of folate as cooked spinach and 10 mcg folic acid supplement then it results in 23.4mcg dfe as 1mcg of folic acid/ folate is equals to 1.67 mcg dfe.
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the number of waves passing a given point in one second is the
A cancer treatment that kills unwanted cells with drugs is called _____.
metastasis
radiation
chemotherapy
surgery
Answer: Chemotherapy
Scientists take lots of time before removing a tumor. It is a process that involves many steps. If they find the tumor, they remove it with surgery. Doctors use radiation therapy to break the tumor apart using radiation beams. With Chemotherapy doctors use drugs to infect/poison the tumor.
The HMGR-3 allele fails to bind with SREBP. The portion of the gene that is broken in this allele is the
Out of the following given choices;
Allosteric site
Active site
Regulatory region
Coding region
The answer is Regulatory region. This region controls the activity of catalytic domain. HMGR-3 codes for the HMG-CoA reductase significant in cholesterol metabolism. SREBP binds to the gene regulatory region. The protein promotes transcription of the gene.Which of these blood samples most likely came from the left ventricle?
The stage of a virus where it is activated to perform the function for which it was intended is referred to as the _________. select one:
a. propagation phase
b. triggering phase
c. execution phase
d. none of the above
Answer:
The correct option is B. The stage of a virus where it is activated to perform the function for which it was intended is referred to as the triggering phase.
Explanation:
The life cycle of a virus consists of the following stages:
The Dormant phase:
In this phase, the virus doesn't take any action. It just manages to get into the system or software.
The Propagation phase
In this phase, the virus makes copies of itself.
The Triggering Phase
In this phase, the virus performs its function.
The Execution Phase
In this phase, the destruction made by the virus can be seen.