Foods are broken down into simple molecular subunits for distribution and use throughout the body. which type of simple subunits, listed below, is used preferentially as an energy source?

mRNA will serve as reference book that contains information as the DNA and its sequence is complementary to the DNA template.

The transfer of information in a DNA strand to a new molecule of messenger RNA is known as transcription. Thus, the process of transcription is carried out by an enzyme called RNA polymerase and a number of accessory proteins called transcription factors. However, DNA is copied into mRNA because mRNA will serve as reference book that contains information as the DNA and its sequence is complementary to the DNA template.

Archaebacteria are found in extreme environments characterized by high salinity, temperature, and pressure, such as the Dead Sea, hot springs, and deep-sea vents. They are extremophiles that may have evolved very early in Earth's history and are important to Earth's carbon and nitrogen cycles.

Types of Environments for Archaebacteria

Archaebacteria, also known as Archaea, are typically found in extreme environments characterized by conditions that are often inhospitable to most life forms. These microorganisms are extremophiles, thriving in areas with high levels of salinity, temperature, and pressure. Three common types of environments where archaebacteria are found include:

These organisms not only exemplify the adaptability of life but also hint at the primordial conditions of ancient Earth, suggesting that Archaea may have been among the earliest life forms to emerge on our planet. In addition to extreme habitats, Archaea are now known to inhabit more common environments such as soil and oceanic plankton, playing a crucial role in environmental processes like the carbon and nitrogen cycles.

The DNA has a shape of double helix which is microscopic and is thus invisible to the bare eye.

DNA  is a hereditary material  which is present in human beings as well as all other living organisms.  Every cell which is present in an organism's body has DNA  which is the same. Most of the DNA is situated in the cell's nucleus  and small amount of it can be found in the cell's mitochondria as well.

Information which is stored in DNA is stored as codes made up of four chemical bases namely, adenine, thymine , cytosine and guanine.Human DNA consists of 3 billion bases .The order of the bases determines information which is required for building and maintaining an organism.It is microscopic and  is thus invisible to the bare eye.

Thus, the DNA is invisible to the bare eye.

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1. The right answer is The nebular hypothesis.

Scientists agree that our solar system results from the contraction, under the effect of its own mass, of a cold and dense interstellar molecular cloud made of gas, hydrogen, and helium essentially, and grains dust covered with ice water. Very quickly, a disc of matter would have formed, turning on itself, slowly on the periphery, quickly in the center. There, at the heart of the disc, the matter being more and more compressed by the movement and the increasing temperature, nuclear fusion reactions would eventually have started. This heart would have started to shine by releasing a phenomenal energy, giving birth to our star, the Sun, 4.56 billion years ago. The rest of the cloud would have continued to gravitate around this very young star, the most volatile compounds being rejected at the periphery under the effect of the very high temperature.

In this primordial nebula, the dust would have progressively agglomerated, forming grains that would have gathered together step by step in boulders, which by aggregating would have gradually given birth to the 9 planets of the solar system, their satellites, and meteorites.

2. The right answer is lines of longitude.

Longitude is a geographical coordinate represented by an angular value, an expression of the east-west position of a point on Earth (or on another sphere). The reference longitude on Earth is the Greenwich meridian.

3. The right answer is topographic map shows elevation.

A topographic map is a reduced-scale map representing the relief determined by altimetry and the human features of a geographical area in a precise and detailed manner on a horizontal plane.

Answer:

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Using the gas pedal analogy, the proto-oncogene would be an accelerator since they promote cell division and deregulate apoptosis, while tumor suppressor would be the brakes since they constrain the progress of the cell cycle and induce cell apoptosis. An oncogene is, therefore, when the accelerator is stuck in down position and the brakes are not working.

Using the gas-pedal analogy oncogene, when the accelerator is stuck in down position and the brakes are not working.

Proto-oncogene:

Tumor suppressor genes:

Hence, we can say that oncogene, when the accelerator is stuck in down position and the brakes are not working.

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Biogeography is the study of the distribution of animals and plants throughout the different places in the world. This study focuses on the communities of organism in the different areas of the Earth and how they are distributed to these areas. The purpose of this study is to explain the process and mechanism of the distribution of the different species in the world.

There are three RNAs with a role in the synthesis of protein.

mRNA, or messenger RNA, is the link between a gene and a protein. The main role of this ribonucleic acid is in transcription (”reading“) of DNA. The DNA is transcribed by RNA polymerase, and the resulting product of this process is mRNA. This form of RNA can be modified post-transcriptionally with methylguanosine caps and polyadenosine tails. RNA carries the genetic information which is copied from DNA and the information has a form of three-base code (“words”), codons. Each of these codons specifies a particular amino acid.

tRNA or transfer RNA is the molecule with the main function in translation by "decoding" the mRNA message during this process. Each type of amino acid has its own type of tRNA and also has a three-base sequence (anticodon) that can bind complementary with the codons in the mRNA.

rRNA or ribosomal RNA is a main component of ribosomes. rRNA associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes which catalyze the assembly of amino acids into polypeptide chains (protein).

There are also a few more types of RNA which have a regulatory function like, microRNA or siRNA.

When monosaccharides are joined to form disaccharides or carbohydrates, a water molecule is removed. This is called dehydration synthesis.

Cells assemble carbohydrates such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose through dehydration synthesis, in this reaction a molecule of water is removed when the monomers are bonded together. Thus, the correct option is A.

Dehydration reaction or dehydration synthesis is the process in which the monomer units such as glucose molecules join together by forming glycosidic bonds to form the complex carbohydrates such as starch, glycogen, and cellulose.

The dehydration synthesis results into binding of the monomer units to synthesize a complex carbohydrate with the loss of a water molecule. Therefore, known as the dehydration synthesis. The synthesized carbohydrates can be reducing or non-reducing depending upon the proton and hydroxyl group present on the sugar.

Therefore, the correct option is A.

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1. Soil erosion is the gradual deterioration of the topsoil through the impact of water and wind actions.

The effects of soil erosion include:

2. The two specific techniques/lessons that farmers deployed since the dust bowl to prevent the loss of topsoil included:

Contour plowing is a farming technology that conserves the soil by following the natural contours during soil tilling, planting, and cultivation.

Strip cropping is a farming technique to mitigate soil erosion from wind and water activities wherever steep or long slopes exist.

3. The three natural agents of erosion are:

4. When dry soil is piled up by the wind, building dunes, people had to shovel dust as they shoveled snows to make way for easy passage. In the Great Plains, dust clouds darkened the sky for many days unending. The "black blizzard," as it was christened, lasted from 1935 until 1939. Then, rainstorms returned to the plains. These periods bestowed uncertainty and drought.

The black blizzard happened between 1935 and 1939 when the Great Plains of Northern America witnessed great black dust storms. People covered their faces with wet cloths to breathe. According to history, despite this, many people had "dust pneumonia," with many children and the elderly dying from respiratory complications.

Thus, an example of soil erosion was the black blizzard of the 1930s in the Great Plains of Northern America.

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A plant with narrow leaves and shallow roots would probably be found in the desert, where there is not a lot of water. Narrow leaves help prevent water loss. Shallow roots can spread out long distances in search of water. Plants living in the desert grow far apart from one another so that they don’t have to compete for limited amounts of water.

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