Mycorrhizal fungi benefit plants in several ways: Nutrient absorption, Water Uptake, Soil Structure, Protection against Pathogens etc.
1. Nutrient Absorption: Mycorrhizal fungi form a symbiotic relationship with plant roots, greatly increasing the surface area for nutrient and water absorption. The fungal hyphae can access nutrients such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and micronutrients that are otherwise less available to plants due to limited mobility in the soil.
2. Water Uptake: The extensive network of fungal hyphae can absorb water from a larger volume of soil, which is particularly beneficial during periods of drought. This helps to improve the plant's drought resistance.
3. Soil Structure: The hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi can help to stabilize soil structure, which improves soil aggregation and porosity. This leads to better aeration and water retention in the soil.
4. Protection Against Pathogens: Mycorrhizal fungi can protect plant roots from pathogens by competing with them for space and nutrients, and by producing compounds that inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.
5. Stress Tolerance: Plants with mycorrhizal associations often show increased tolerance to various environmental stresses, including salinity, heavy metal toxicity, and extreme temperatures.
6. Enhanced Growth: By improving nutrient and water uptake, mycorrhizal fungi can enhance plant growth and vigor, leading to increased biomass production and crop yields.
7. Ecosystem Diversity: Mycorrhizal fungi contribute to the diversity of plant communities by facilitating the establishment of certain plant species, which in turn supports a greater diversity of above-ground organisms.
8. Carbon Sequestration: The symbiotic relationship between mycorrhizal fungi and plants can lead to increased carbon sequestration in the soil, as the fungi receive carbon compounds from the plant and store some of it in the soil.
9. Nutrient Cycling: Mycorrhizal fungi play a crucial role in nutrient cycling within ecosystems by facilitating the decomposition of organic matter and the transfer of nutrients from the soil to the plant.
In summary, mycorrhizal fungi are essential for plant health and soil fertility, and they play a key role in sustainable agriculture and ecosystem functioning.
Which property of water helps support life in this harsh Arctic environment?
The icy waters of the Arctic and Antarctic Oceans sustenance a great amount of marine life. For millions of years, life has remained unchanged, making it possible for these animals to adapt themselves to these particular patterns of existence. Due to water's cohesiveness, water's polarity enticed to other water molecules. The hydrogen bonds in water grasp other water molecules unruffled. Also the Cohesion or known as water's attraction to other water molecules is one of the major properties of water.
If the sequence of a nontemplate strand of dna is 5'-accgcatccgagtcac-3' what is the sequence of the transcript?
Point (-5, 5) lies in Quadrant I II III IV
In a graph, the quadrants are marked from the top right corner and goes anti-clockwise
Hence we will have (+,+) in the Quadrant I
(- , +) in quadrant II
(-,-) in quadrant III
and
(+,-) in quadrant IV
Now the given point (-5,5) is a (-,+) and hence it lies in the quadrant II
A student conducted an experiment to test the effect of the digestive enzyme pepsin on cooked egg white and potato in the presence of hydrochloric acid at a pH of 1. Which could be a probable inference? Pepsin digests egg white because it mainly contains protein. Pepsin digests potato because it mainly contains starch. Pepsin digests egg white because it mainly contains fat. NextReset
A randomized experiment was performed to determine whether two fertilizers
A student constructs a Venn diagram to compare the organelles in plant and animal cells. Venn Diagram of Plant and Animal Cells mc026-1.jpg Which organelle should be listed under “Both” in the diagram? centriole mitochondrion chloroplast cell wall
The correct answer is option (B) mitochondrion.
A Venn diagram represents an illustration of relationship between two groups, showing the characteristics of the groups separately in two circles and the similarities shown in the intersecting region of the two circles. When a Venn diagram is constructed to compare the organelles in plant and animal cells, the organelle that should be listed under "both" in the diagram is the mitochondrion. Mitochondrion is a cell organelle that is the power house of the cell storing energy in the form of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). It is present in both the plant and animal cells. It is made up of an outer membrane and an inner membrane with the inter membrane space, the cristae with the F1 particles and the mitochondrial matrix with proteins, enzymes, tRNA and the mitochondrial genome. Whereas centriole is present only in animal cell and chloroplast, cell wall are present only in plant cell.
Answer:
b
Explanation:
Calcium is the only supplement proven to provide relief from pms and pmdd symptoms.
a. True
b. False
Understand the hepatic portal system. be able to trace how the blood from the intestinal organs is taken to the liver, filtered and then back into the general circulation. (know the proper order using: sinusoids, hepatic portal veins, hepatic artery, hepatic veins, central veins, inferior vena cava) be able to place these in their correct order
When you exhale, air passes through the respiratory structures in which order? A) alveolus, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity B) alveolus, bronchus, bronchiole, trachea, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity C) alveolus, bronchiole, bronchus, trachea, larynx, pharynx, nasal cavity D) alveolus, trachea, bronchus, bronchiole, pharynx, larynx, nasal cavity
Exhale (breathe out) is the reverse process of inhaling (breathe in). Thus, the air goes through the bronchioles, out the bronchi, out the trachea, larynx, pharynx and finally out through your mouth and nose. Exhaled air contains wastes and carbon dioxide and it's warm.
Answer:
c
Explanation:
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What is the whisker length of a sea lion with the two-locus genotype aabb?
Match each hormone with the description of what would happen if it was absent in a pubescent male. not all labels will be used.
when you move your fingers to type a text message you are using motor neurons of the
Reflect on all of the illnesses anna garcia has experienced. did any of her illnesses studied this year result in a breakdown of her body's ability to protect itself?
The illnesses of Anna Garcia had result in a breakdown of her body’s immune system that make her vulnerable to different infection. Her sickle cell disease and type 1 diabetes had made her weaker because the white blood cell that supposed to protect the body did not function properly and she often experienced fatigue and exhaustion because of low insulin. Due to these, she experienced urinary tract infection that made her more ill.
Which of the following is an example of a nonspecific immune response?
A.
The receptors of a B lymphocyte bind to an antigen.
B.
A T lymphocyte attacks and destroys a cancer cell.
C.
A plasma cell releases antibodies.
D.
A macrophage engulfs invading bacteria.
Answer:
A macrophage engulfs invading bacteria.
Explanation:
A nonspecific immune response is the body's first line of defense against invaders. It is a general immune response that requires no prior memory of the pathogen. A macrophage engulfing invading bacteria is an example of a nonspecific immune response.
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A scientist wants to study photosynthesis in a newly discovered species. Which of these cell strict should the scientist study ?
A-vacuoles
B-chloroplasts
C-mitochondria
D-ribosomes
What agent of erosion creates a cirque?
In which kingdom are an overwhelming majority of its individuals producers? A) Animalia B) Fungi C) Insecta D) Plantae
Removing which of the following parts would cause the plant to starve? Leaves Branches Stems Roots
Final answer:
Removing leaves from a plant would cause it to starve due to the lack of photosynthesis. If roots are damaged or die, the plant cannot absorb water and minerals and will likely perish. Girdling interrupts the flow of nutrients, not water, but still leads to the eventual death of the plant.
Explanation:
Removing leaves from a plant would cause it to starve. Leaves are essential for photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of glucose, which is a source of food for the plant. Without leaves, a plant cannot perform photosynthesis, leading to a lack of energy and eventual starvation.
If an herbicide causes roots to shrivel and die, the most direct consequence for the plant is that it would not be able to absorb water and minerals from the soil. Roots are vital for the uptake of these essential nutrients, and without functional roots, the plant would be unable to maintain necessary life processes and would likely die.
Effect of Girdling on Plants
Girdling a plant, which involves removing a band of bark from around the trunk, interrupts the downward flow of nutrients through the phloem but not the upward flow of water through the xylem. While the foliage does not initially wilt, the entire plant, including the roots, will eventually die because they cannot receive food manufactured by the leaves.
Alcohol __________.
a. is a known carcinogen
b. is technically not a carcinogen
c. is linked with significantly increased risk of lung and stomach cancer
d. does not increase the risk of esophageal cancer
This is a is a natural substance that cannot be re-made, re-grown, or regenerated as fast as it is used.
In my research, i found that the levels of "gonadotropins" in the body are critical to understanding how the drugs clomid and ortho tri-cyclen work. what are gonadotropins? what structure releases them? (2)
Answer:
Gonadotropins are polypeptide hormones and are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland.
Explanation:
Hypothalamus releases GnRH i.e gonadotropin releasing hormone which stimulates the anterior pituitary to secrete gonadotrophs such as FSH, ICSH and LH.
FSH (follicle stimulating hormone): In males it stimulates spermatogenesis. In females it stimulates growth of ovarian follicles.
ICSH (Interstitial cell stimulating hormone): In males, secretion of testosterone.
LH (Luteinising hormone): In femalestogether with FSH, it triggers ovulation, stimulates conversion of broken ovarian follicle into corpus luteum.
I believe the gonadotropins are hormones secreted by the gonads and are released by the testes and ovaries.
Explanation:Gonadotropins are a group of hormones secreted by the female and male reproductive system. The organs that produce are Testes and Ovaries. The hormones are released due to action of another polypetide hormone called the gonadotropin releasing hormone that stimulates the male gonads (testis) to produce the steroid hormone called testosterone and the female gonads (ovaries) to produce estrogen.
Further Explanation:All the gonadotropin hormones are steroid in nature and they are lipophilic hence they can pass through the lipid bilayer of the cell membrane and cause a change in the gene expression inside the nucleus of the target cell. Control of these hormones is via the Hypothalamus Pituitary Gonadal (HPG) axis and the Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal (HPA) axis. The steroid hormone testosterone can also be produced by the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland in the topmost layer called the zona glomerulosa. The drugs clomid and ortho tri-cyclen target the these to axes in order to produce the desired response.
Clomid acts on the female HPG axis by acting on specific estrogen receptors in the hypothalamus where it has a negative feedback mechanism on the release of gonadotropin releasing hormone thus impacting the production of gonadotropic hormones through upregulation.
ortho tri-cyclen is an oral contraceptive that inhibits ovuating by acting on the female HPG axis where it has a negative feedback mechanism on the hormone Follicle Stimulating Hormone. It inhibits the FSH hormone production in the anterior pituitary gland meaning there will be no maturation of the ovarian follicle into the graafian follicle which will produce the hormone estrogen necessary for the thickening of the endometrial layer of the uterus. Inhibitin estrogen production also means that it will prevent the cervical mucus from becoming thin in order to allow the passage of sperms during sexual intercourse.
Learn More:Learn more about the menstrual cycle: https://brainly.com/question/4189307
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Level: High School
Subject: Biology
Topic: Reproduction
what does homozygous mean?
A _____ locates all or most of the processing logic on the server. select one:
a. thin client
b. portal client
c. batch client
d. topological client
Which would have the GREATEST effect on the rate of photosynthesis in a plant?
Answer: Low level of carbon dioxide, low temperature due to lack of sunlight will affect the process of photosynthesis.
Explanation:
The photosynthesis can be defined as the process by which autotrophs make their own food in the presence of sunlight with the help of carbon dioxide, water and other nutrients presents in soil.
If there will be inadequate amount of sunlight, or low level of carbon dioxide then the rate of photosynthesis will decrease.
The major form of fat in both food and the body is
How do the skin proteins—keratin, melanin, elastin, and collagen—each contribute to our physical identity? how about the dermal papillae?
Answer:
Skin is the largest organ of our body and it contains a lot of immune barriers that protects the pathogens form entering the skin. Majorly the nature of skin also helps in the external appearance of a person and also denotes age.
The skin protein such as keratin, melanin, elastin, and collagen are extracellular matrix proteins that plays a major role in maintaining the elasticity and texture of the skin. The dermal papillae is the region that is present in the outer most layer of the skin that helps in the formation of hair follicles.
Describe one common role of both bacteria and fungi in the movement of energy and matter in ecosystems. (b) describe how analyzing the data from the treatment group sprayed with water only will increase the validity of the experimental results.
Which group of living things can move energy from consumers at the top of an energy pyramid back to producers at the bottom? *
A. decomposers
B. producers
C. consumers
D. Nothing can move energy back to the bottom of an energy pyramid.
Toddlers should consume ________ milligrams of calcium per day.
The answer is 700 milligrams needed toddlers should consume per day. Children need enough calcium to support their growing bones and teeth. Calcium is one of the body's most essential minerals and also has other necessary roles to play, including supporting a healthy nervous system and muscle function.
A puggle is a type of dog first produced by mating two other types of dog a pug and a beagle what is that process
The process of mating two different breeds of dogs to create a new breed is called crossbreeding or designer breeding. The characteristics of the resulting puppies can vary depending on the genetic traits inherited from each parent breed.
What is Crossbreeding?Crossbreeding is the deliberate breeding of two different breeds of dogs to create offspring that possess desirable traits from both parent breeds.
The goal of crossbreeding is to produce a new breed that has the desirable traits of both parent breeds, such as appearance, temperament, or working ability.
In the case of a puggle, which is a mix of a pug and a beagle, the breeding process involves mating a purebred pug with a purebred beagle to produce a litter of hybrid puppies that inherit traits from both parent breeds.
It's important to note that while crossbreeding can be a way to create a unique and desirable breed, it is also controversial and has faced criticism from some animal welfare advocates.
Crossbreeding can lead to a variety of health problems, particularly when the parents have significant differences in size or structure.
Therefore, responsible breeding practices are important to ensure the health and well-being of the parent dogs and their offspring.
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The production of a puggle from mating a pug and a beagle is known as intentional breeding or artificial selection. Similar to how a cockapoo is bred from a poodle and a cocker spaniel, this process involves selecting parents with desirable traits. It is a human-driven practice that has led to a wide variety of dog breeds.
When a puggle is created by mating a pug and a beagle, it is an example of intentional breeding or artificial selection. This process involves choosing two different breeds with desirable traits to produce a new breed that exhibits a combination of these traits. Similarly, the breeding of a poodle and a cocker spaniel results in a breed known as the cockapoo.
This form of breeding occurs when humans intervene in the selection process, which has been practiced throughout history to create an array of domesticated animals with certain characteristics. While different dog breeds can interbreed to create hybrid dogs like the puggle and cockapoo, it's important to note that different species, such as the bald eagle and African fish eagle, may produce infertile hybrids due to incompatible genes that control development.
The creation of different dog breeds has largely been influenced by human activity, particularly through kennel clubs and dog shows which began in Victorian England. The American Kennel Club (AKC) continues to recognize new breeds, demonstrating the ongoing evolution and development of dog breeds under human influence.