Identify the type of tract that communicates between the left prefrontal lobe and the left parietal lobe.

Answer:

When calcium ions bind to troponin, causing conformational changes in troponin that allow tropomyosin to move away from the myosin binding sites on actin. Once the tropomyosin is removed, a cross-bridge can form between actin and myosin, causing contraction.

Explanation:

Muscles contract through the action of two proteins called actin and myosin.There are two other regulatory proteins tropomyosin and troponin. Muscles are composed of two major protein filaments: a thick filament composed of the protein myosin and a thin filament composed of the protein actin.Skeletal muscle is composed of a repeating structure of myosin and actin fibers. Each myosin thick filament is surrounded by actin thin filaments, and each thin filament is surrounded by thick filaments. Muscle contraction occurs when these filaments slide over one another in a series of repetitive events.

When a muscle contracts, the actin is pulled along myosin toward the center of the sarcomere until the actin and myosin filaments are completely overlapped. In other words, for a muscle cell to contract, the sarcomere must shorten. ATP is critical to prepare myosin for binding and to “recharge” the myosin. ATP first binds to myosin, moving it to a high-energy state. The ATP is hydrolyzed into ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) by the enzyme ATPase. The energy released during ATP hydrolysis changes the angle of the myosin head into a “cocked” position, ready to bind to actin if the sites are available. ADP and Pi remain attached; myosin is in its high energy configuration.The muscle contraction cycle is triggered by calcium ions binding to the protein complex troponin, exposing the active-binding sites on the actin. As soon as the actin-binding sites are uncovered, the high-energy myosin head bridges the gap, forming a cross-bridge. Once myosin binds to the actin, the Pi is released, and the myosin undergoes a conformational change to a lower energy state. As myosin expends the energy, it moves through the “power stroke,” pulling the actin filament toward the M-line. When the actin is pulled approximately 10 nm toward the M-line, the sarcomere shortens and the muscle contracts. At the end of the power stroke, the myosin is in a low-energy position.

After the power stroke, ADP is released, but the cross-bridge formed is still in place. ATP then binds to myosin, moving the myosin to its high-energy state, releasing the myosin head from the actin active site. ATP can then attach to myosin, which allows the cross-bridge cycle to start again; further muscle contraction can occur. Therefore, without ATP, muscles would remain in their contracted state, rather than their relaxed state.

Answer:

hemoglobin

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Red blood cells, with the help of hemoglobin, transport oxygen from the lungs to the body's cells, and facilitate the movement of carbon dioxide in the opposite direction. Oxygen binds to hemoglobin within the red blood cells which are then circulated through the body by the cardiovascular system.

The component of blood that allows oxygen to move from the lungs to the cells of the body is the erythrocyte, or red blood cell. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, a protein that can bind oxygen molecules. During external respiration, oxygen enters the alveoli in the lungs, where it is then diffused into the blood which is carried by the pulmonary capillaries. The oxygen molecules are picked up by hemoglobin within the red blood cells. This oxygen-rich blood, now bright red in color, is transported via the pulmonary veins back to the heart and then pumped to the rest of the body through systemic circulation. The systemic circulation provides oxygen and nutrients to body tissues and picks up waste materials such as carbon dioxide, which diffuses from body cells back into the capillaries and is eventually expelled from the lungs.

After resupplying the body cells with oxygen, the now deoxygenated blood, which carries carbon dioxide, returns to the heart and then to the lungs. During exhalation, carbon dioxide is released into the air completing the gas exchange cycle. Thus, red blood cells and hemoglobin are essential for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood.

Answer:

The correct answer here is D) None of the above

Explanation:

Lactose intolerance and sucrose intolerance in themselves are not practices but side effects of practices that affect health concerns.

For instance, research shows that cultures with a long history of dairy farming and milk drinking or at least a history of drinking milk have a much higher likelihood to be lactose tolerant than those who don't. And when they can tolerate lactose their bodies take note of this and records the same in their genetic databank.

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A gene represents a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. Each gene provides the instructions to construct a unique protein that contributes to the body's functioning. Differences in genes contribute to our unique traits.

Genes are the fundamental units of heredity and contain the instructions for the synthesis of proteins or functional RNA molecules that ultimately determine various traits and characteristics in an organism. Each gene provides the instructions or codes necessary to construct a specific protein that contributes to the body's functioning. To understand it better, view DNA as a cookbook and genes as the recipes, with each recipe producing a different dish (in this case, protein), each contributing to the health and functioning of the body. Differences in genes are what make us unique, as these small differences influence traits such as eye color, hair color, height, and potential susceptibility to certain diseases.

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Answer:

Extracellular fluid (ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells of any multicellular organism. ... These constituents are often called fluid compartments. ... The extracellular fluid provides the medium for the exchange of substances between ... is also evenly distributed at the correct partial pressure to all the cells of the body.

Explanation:

Answer:

The Liver Provides pressure for the transfer of body fluid.

Explanation:

The correct sequence starts with the activation of G-proteins, followed by activation of adenylyl cyclase, conversion of ATP into cyclic AMP, activation of protein kinase A, and ends with the phosphorylation of proteins inducing contraction in muscle cells.

The question involves understanding the sequence of events in the stimulation of heart muscle cells, described through the activation of various cellular processes. Here is the correct sequence based on the information provided:

Through this sequence, starting with the activation of G-proteins and ending with the phosphorylation of proteins, a complex pathway of cellular signaling is illuminated. This pathway culminates in the contraction of heart muscle cells, showcasing the intricacy of biological systems in regulating heart function.

Answer:

Semi-Conservative

Explanation:

After DNA replication, the parental DNA molecule contains two original DNA strands while the daughter molecule is composed of two newly synthesized strands. In this model, the two DNA strands in the parental molecule separate from each other and serve as templates for the synthesis of daughter strands.

The correct model of DNA replication where the parental molecule is preserved and the daughter molecule contains two new strands is called conservative replication. However, the scientifically supported model is the semi-conservative replication, where each daughter DNA molecule includes one old and one new DNA strand.

A model of DNA replication where the parental DNA molecule is preserved and the daughter DNA molecule comprises entirely new synthesized strands is called conservative replication. However, the correct model supported by the Meselson-Stahl experiment is semi-conservative replication, in which each new DNA molecule consists of one old (parental) strand and one new strand. The other model mentioned, dispersive replication, proposed that new DNA molecules would have mixed segments of old and new DNA, but this was not supported by experimental evidence.

In semi-conservative replication, the parental DNA helix unwinds, and each strand then serves as a template for a new complementary strand. Once replication is completed, each resulting DNA molecule consists of one parental and one newly synthesized strand. Therefore, the semi-conservative method ensures that each daughter cell receives one old and one new DNA strand.

a. the precursor

b. citrulline

c. the precursor, ornithine, and citrulline

d. either ornithine or citrulline

e. ornithine

Answer: Citrulline, Option B

Explanation:

The sequence of the formation of arginine is as follows. Precursor → ornithine → citrulline → arginine.

If there is a defective enzyme for ornithine then there will no production of citrulline or lesser production of citrulline which ultimately will affect arginine production.

So, the compound citrulline should be provided so that the production process can continue. Ornithine if not present then citrulline can alone produce arginine.

So, the correct answer is option B

Answer: C. tPA should be administered within 12 hours of the onset of a stroke.

Explanation:

The tPA should be administered to the patient affected by the onset of the ischemic stroke within 3 to 4 hours, should not be waited for 12 hours. The tPA should be administered intravenously. When tPA administered through intraarterial infusion directly to the clot, it must be administered within 6 hours. During the fibrinolytic treatment it is important to monitor the blood pressure, as if the blood pressure is not controlled this can alter the treatment.

Answer:

Monocots

Explanation:

Species with one cotyledon are called monocotyledonous (or, "monocots") and placed in the Class Liliopsida.

Answer:

This question lacks options, options are:

A) filtration.

B) absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.

C) secretion of acids and ammonia.

D) secretion of drugs.

E) adjustment of urine volume.

The correct answer is B.

The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.

Explanation:

The proximal tubules are part of the nephron, a system that filters the blood that passes through the kidneys. The function of the proximal convoluted tubule can be summarized in three processes: absorption, excretion and control of the acid-base balance of the blood. In the proximal convoluted tubule, all potassium, glucose and amino acids are reabsorbed by active transport, 87.5% of sodium and 40% of urea, filtered by the glomerulus. This absorption is accompanied by the exit of the tubule of 87.5% of the filtered water.

The function of the proximal tubule is for the reabsorption of filtrate which is required for homeostasis equilibrium.

The proximal convoluted tubule is found in the renal tubule of the kidney. The renal tubule is responsible for absorption and ion secretion.

The function of the proximal tubule is for the reabsorption of filtrate which is required for homeostasis equilibrium. The proximal convoluted tubule can be divided into pars convolute and pars recta.

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Answer:

yes.

Explanation:

Answer:

In a broad sense, the term "genotype" refers to the genetic makeup of an organism; in other words, it describes an organism's complete set of genes. ... A particular genotype is described as homozygous if it features two identical alleles and as heterozygous if the two alleles differ.

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Explanation:

An organism's genotype refers to its full hereditary information encoded in its DNA and consists of all the genes and alleles passed down from its parents. The phenotype represents the physical expression of these genes, influenced by both the genotype and environmental factors. Environmental impact on gene expression is referred to as epigenetics.

An organism's genotype is essentially its genetic blueprint. It comprises the entire set of genes and alleles that are inherited from both parents, determining everything from hair color to blood type. These genetic sequences are responsible for the organism's hereditary information. In sexual reproduction, the genotype is formed from the combination of the parents' genes. Conversely, an organism's phenotype is a manifestation of its genotype and is influenced by the organism's environment. It encompasses all observable characteristics, like physical appearance, behavior, and biochemical properties.

For example, if an organism inherits alleles for blue eyes (bb) from both parents, the genotype would be 'bb', and the physical presence of blue eyes is a result of the expressed genes, constituting the phenotype. However, environmental factors, such as sunlight exposure, can also influence the expression of certain traits, a concept known as epigenetics.

It's important to note that while we often refer to an organism's complete set of genetic information as its genotype, in practice, we usually focus on specific genes that are relevant to the study or context. Therefore, we sometimes discuss a 'partial genotype', which looks at particular genes and how they contribute to 'partial phenotypes', such as a single trait or characteristic.

Answer:

All of the answer options are correct.

Explanation:

Chargaff contributed in understanding the structure and composition of DNA with his discoveries. He discovered that purine and pyrimidine bases are in equal amounts in a DNA molecule. He also discovered that amount of Adenine base (A) is equal to amount of Thymine base (T). It means that A pairs with T. Since A is a purine and T is a pyrimidine it also implies that purine base pairs with a pyrimidine base. This conclusion can also be arrived by taking in consideration the other base pair which is G (purine) and C (pyrimidine).

Answer:

D

Explanation:

Answer:

D. The sun rotates more slowly at its poles

Explanation:

I got it right on APEX

Codominance is a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern. It states that both traits are dominant and both appear in the organism. Neither trait is masked.

Codominance may be characterized as a type of biological phenomenon in which the alleles are able to express themselves independently even when present together. For example, ABO blood grouping in humans.

Blood type is determined by the antigens on the blood cells. ABO blood grouping is controlled by gene I which has three alleles as [tex]I^A, I^B, and I^O.[/tex] Codominance, as it relates to genetics, refers to a type of inheritance in which two versions (alleles) of the same gene are expressed separately to yield different traits in an individual.

Therefore, codominance is a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern. It states that both traits are dominant and both appear in the organism. Neither trait is masked.

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Answer:

1. Mendelian, dominant, recessive

2. non-mendelian, dominant

3. non-mendelian dominant

Explanation:

Explanation:

Primary productivity measures the rate at which solar energy is stored by plants as organic matter, and is therefore a measure of the rate at which solar energy is captured and made available to the rest of the food chain

Gross primary productivity (GPP) is the total amount of carbon assimilated by plants within a given area over a specified time-frame

Net primary productivity (NPP) is GPP minus the flux of autotrophic respiration of assimilate used for the plant's own metabolism (R), can be represented as:

NPP= GPP-R

Rates of productivity are not same everywhere because if amount of nutrients are scarce then it will decrease net primary productivity because they are necessary for growth

Final answer:

Net primary productivity differs globally due to variable nutrient availability, with nitrogen often being a critical limiting factor. Even with sufficient light and water, without enough nutrients, plant growth and productivity are constrained. The correct answer is b).

Explanation:

The statement that best reflects why rates of net primary productivity are not the same everywhere is B.) Although water is limited in certain ecosystems, nutrients that are scarce actually limit net primary productivity because they are necessary for growth. Nutrients, including nitrogen, are often limiting factors in plant growth and primary production as they are essential components that plants need to grow and which cannot be compensated for by other means such as increased light or water.

Ecosystems vary greatly in terms of climate, available nutrients, and other abiotic factors that influence the rate of primary productivity. For example, nitrogen is a critical element for plant growth and often limits productivity; even when light and water are abundant, if nitrogen and other nutrients are not available in sufficient quantities, plant growth will be constrained, and net primary productivity will be lower. This explains why different regions of the globe, even with similar amounts of water, carbon dioxide, and light, can have vastly different rates of productivity.

Answer: After several days, a large bubble of gas collected in the upside-down beaker contains OXYGEN.

Explanation:

Plants are known to be be autotrophic (producers) through the use of inorganic substance such as water, carbondioxide and light energy from sunlight in a process known as photosynthesis.

An experiment was carried out by Latecia for investigation of the gas production of a water plant. It's therefore expected that OXYGEN gas which is the by-product given off during photosynthesis in green plants would be collected from the upside down beaker as gas bubbles.

Answer:

Method which is utilized by eukaryotes to control their gene expression that is different from the type of control found in bacteria is control of both RNA splicing and chromatin remodeling.

Explanation:

There is a difference in the gene expression of the prokaryotes and eukaryotes. In prokaryotes, transcription and translation occur simultaneously in the cytoplasm, and gene regulation occurs at the transcriptional level. In eukaryotes gene expression is regulated during transcription and RNA processing, which take place in the nucleus, and during protein translation, which takes place in the cytoplasm.

Prokaryotic cells can only regulate gene expression by controlling the amount of transcription. As eukaryotic cells evolved, the complexity of the control of gene expression increased. For example, with the evolution of eukaryotic cells came compartmentalization of important cellular components and cellular processes. A nuclear region that contains the DNA was formed. Transcription and translation were physically separated into two different cellular compartments. It therefore became possible to control gene expression by regulating transcription in the nucleus, and also by controlling the RNA levels and protein translation present outside the nucleus.

Eukaryotic gene expression is more complicated than prokaryotes because the process transpires separately. The gene is monitored at many levels in eukaryotes.

Methods that are utilized by eukaryotes to regulate their gene expression that differs from prokaryotes is control of both splicing and chromatin reconstruction.

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Answer:

Explanation:

Eukaryotes use mRNA to carry the sequence for protein synthesis, to the ribosomes outside of the nucleus.

In the eukaryotes, mRNA is processed (capping, poly-adenylation and RNA splicing) before translation. But these processes are absent in prokaryotes.

Prokaryotes don't translate DNA directly because control of transcription of mRNA is a major method of controlling gene expression

.

Here in case of prokaryotes, If proteins were made directly from DNA, then the prokaryotes would always express every gene in their genome.

Explanation:

Prokaryotes translate DNA directly, rather than use mRNA, which in eukaryotes is the code that passes from the interior of the nucleus to the site of protein synthesis because control of transcription of mRNA is a major method of controlling gene expression        

Gene expression is a multi-step process, ultimately produce either functional RNA or functional protein

If proteins were made directly from DNA, prokaryotes would always express every gene in their genome      

Answer:

T-A-A-G-C-C-T-A-G

Explanation:

Complementary: T-A-A-G-C-C-T-A-G

mRNA(Transcription): A-U-U-C-G-G-A-U-C

Answer

Explanation:

I think its because over the years since more individuals with high fur levels survived more harsh environment , animals have evolve high fur-level trait became more common in Population A over time, and the low fur-level trait became less common. The high fur-level trait was an more adaptive trait.

When The distribution of traits and also changed in these populations because as generations passed in this environment in Population A.

Then the variation of traits are decreased as the distribution of traits then they are shifted so that there was only medium level fur traits, and also as Population completely died out.

traits changed When the individuals with high fur levels are survived more harsh environment.

Also animals have evolve high fur-level trait became more common in Population A over time, and also the low fur-level trait became less common.

Thus, The high fur-level trait was an more adaptive trait.

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Answer:

A

Explanation:

In the normal fetal circulation, oxygenated blood is flows from the placenta to the liver through the umbilical vein. From the liver it flows through the ductus venosus and portal sinus to the inferior Vena Cava and then into the right atrium.

From the right atrium, majority of the blood pass through the foramen ovale into the left atrium. The foramen ovale is a small opening in the wall between the right atrium and the left atrium. It is a normal anatomical structure in fetuses which allows oxygenated blood to bypass the pulmonary circulation as the fetus is not yet getting oxygenated blood from the lungs. The foramen ovale closes at birth when the lungs become functional.

From the left atrium, the blood flows into the left ventricle and into the aorta for systemic circulation. A small amount goes through the pulmonary vessels to the lungs.

Answer:

B

Explanation:

If the rock is on top it will be more resistant to erosion since water and other elements wont be able to reach it

Answer:

False

Explanation:

Gregor Mendel, who was referred to as the FATHER OF GENETICS, discovered the principles that governs heredity. One of those principles which he called LAW OF INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT states that the alleles of a gene randomly segregates into gametes independently of the alleles of another gene. This means that during gamete formation (meiosis), the separation of the alleles of one gene doesn't affect the separation of the alleles of another gene.

Mendel discovered this principle when he worked with two genes that was responsible for two distinct characters. Hence, in a cell that contains two genes responsible for two different characters in the organism, independent assortment will always occur during gamete formation. Although, in an organism that is homozygous for both traits (AABB or aabb), only one type of allelic combination will be produced in the gamete. However, the alleles will still randomly align and separate independently of one another during Metaphase and Anaphase stages of meiosis.

Answer:

False

Explanation:

The law of independent assortment states that characters are inherited independently of one another. That is, for example, genes A and B are inherited independently without any interference of A on B or B on A.

Independent assortment occur in genes that are not linked together on the same chromosome. More specifically, two genes on the same chromosome will assort independently provided there is a certain minimum distance between them.

Hence, independent assortment has nothing to do with whether a gene is homozygous or heterozygous.

The answer is false.

Answer:

Explain a food chain and a food web.

YEaheah

Explanation:

Yes, they are different,

A food web can show many different consumers and producers in an ecosystem while in the other hand a food web just show the relationship between one group of producers and consumers.

Answer:A

Explanation:

The hypothesis most likely developed by Dr. White in relation to the gene environment correlation model is that individuals who seek out unstable relationships activate genes linked to their genetic vulnerability for depression.

The hypothesis most likely developed by Dr. White that follows the gene environment correlation model is option 3: People that seek out unstable relationships and develop depression activate genes that pinpoint their genetic vulnerability. This hypothesis suggests that individuals with a genetic tendency for depression engage in behavior (seeking out unstable relationships) that activates specific genes associated with their vulnerability to develop depression.

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Answer:

Explanation:

DNA is transcribed into pre-mRNA which is further processed into mature mRNA. mRNA be processed by various ways: as at the 5' end of RNA, addition of capping occurs,  and at the 3' end, there is addition of large number of adenosine ( approx 200), known as polyadenylation.

RNA splicing is the process of removal of introns and of addition of exons, through which only coding sequences (exons) remain in the mature mRNA and non coding regions(intron) are removed.

Alternative splicing may produced various type of mRNA from a single type of pre- mRNA.

All of the steps mentioned—capping, removal of introns, and alternative splicing—are essential processes involved in mRNA processing. These modifications prepare the mRNA for stability, translation, and efficient functioning. Thus, the correct response is all of the above.

mRNAs undergo a series of important modifications before they are ready for translation. These post-transcriptional modifications ensure the mRNA is stable, correctly formatted, and capable of being effectively translated into proteins. The main processing steps include:

In summary, all these steps—capping, splicing, and polyadenylation—are crucial for processing mRNA before it can be used in protein synthesis.

Answer:

Low - The generation of nitrates (NO 3-) requires oxygen, so the oxygen levels will be low

Explanation:

Nitrates are formed when the ammonia react with oxygen present in water. The oxygen which react with ammonia is not the oxygen of water molecule, it is the dissolved oxygen. This oxygen is used by aquatic animals for breathing. If nitrates are formed so the concentration of dissolved oxygen will be lowered which causes suffocation and bad impact on marine organisms and the whole ecosystem will be disturbed.

The level of oxygen in the water will be low because of the generation of nitrates ([tex]NO_{3}^{-}[/tex]).

The formation of nitrates occurs by the process of nitrification, which converts the ammonia to nitrate.

The process of nitrification is involving conversion of ammonia ([tex]NH_{4} ^{+}[/tex])  to Nitrite ([tex]NO_{2} ^{-}[/tex]) by nitrosomonas and finally to Nitrate ([tex]NO_{3}^{-}[/tex]) by Nitrobacter.

Both the bacteria used are autotrophic bacteria and takes up the dissolved oxygen from the water which result in lowering of oxygen concentration in the water.

This affects the marine life and deprives the water from oxygen.

Therefore, it will lead to a low oxygen concentration in the water.

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