Answer:
A. 88,200 J
Explanation:
Given data,
The mass of the crate, m = 200 kg
The height of the shipping container, h = 45 m
The gravitational of a body is possessed by the body due to the virtue of its position.
The formula for gravitational potential energy is,
P.E = mgh joules
Substituting the values
P.E = 200 x 9.8 x 45
= 88,200 J
Hence, the gravitational potential energy of the crate is, P.E = 88,200 J
You throw a ball upward with a speed of 14m/s. What is the acceleration of the ball after it leaves your hand? Ignore air resistance and provide an explanation for your answer.
The acceleration of the ball after leaving the hand is [tex]9.8 m/s^2[/tex] downward
Explanation:
In order to find the acceleration of the ball during its motion, we have to study which forces are acting on it.
After the ball leaves the hand, if we neglect air resistance, there is only one force acting on the ball: the force of gravity, whose magnitude is
[tex]F=mg[/tex]
where m is the mass of the ball and g is the acceleration of gravity ([tex]g=9.8 m/s^2[/tex]), acting in the downward direction.
According to Newton's second law, the acceleration of the ball is given by
[tex]a=\frac{\sum F}{m}[/tex]
where
[tex]\sum F[/tex] is the net force acting on the ball
After the ball leaves the hand, the only force acting on it is the force of gravity, so we can substitute (mg) into the previous equation:
[tex]a=\frac{mg}{m}=g=9.8 m/s^2[/tex]
This means that the acceleration of the ball remains [tex]9.8 m/s^2[/tex] downward for the entire motion, after leaving the hand.
Learn more about Newton's second law:
brainly.com/question/3820012
#LearnwithBrainly
Final answer:
The acceleration of the ball after it is thrown upward is a constant 9.8 m/s^2 downward due to gravity.
Explanation:
After you throw a ball upward with a speed of 14m/s, the acceleration of the ball after it leaves your hand is determined by the force of gravity. Regardless of the initial speed given to the ball, once it is not in contact with your hand, there is no longer any force being applied to it in the upward direction. Therefore, the only force acting on it is the force of gravity pulling it back toward the Earth's surface.
This force causes the ball to have a constant downward acceleration of approximately 9.8 m/s2, which is the standard acceleration due to gravity near the Earth's surface (often represented by the symbol g).
Which chemical reaction absorbs energy
Answer:
endothermic reactions
Answer:
endothermic reactions
Explanation:
endothermic reactions means the reaction gets super hot while the surrounding area gets colder. (absorbs energy)
exothermic means the surrounding area gets hot while it gets colder. (releases energy)
A 5kg rock is thrown off a cliff that is 20 meters high onto the beach. What was the ricks velocity when it hits the beach?
The final velocity of the rock is 19.8 m/s
Explanation:
The motion of the rock is a free fall motion (subjected only to the force of gravity), with constant acceleration [tex]g=9.8 m/s^2[/tex] towards the ground. Therefore, we can use the following suvat equation:
[tex]v^2-u^2=2as[/tex]
where
v is the final velocity
u is the initial velocity
a is the acceleration
s is the vertical displacement
For the rock in this problem,
u = 0 (initial velocity is zero)
[tex]a=g=9.8 m/s^2[/tex]
s = 20 m (height of the cliff)
Solving for v,
[tex]v=\sqrt{u^2+2as}=\sqrt{0+2(9.8)(20)}=19.8 m/s[/tex]
Learn more about free fall motion:
brainly.com/question/1748290
brainly.com/question/11042118
brainly.com/question/2455974
brainly.com/question/2607086
#LearnwithBrainly
Question 3 (5 points)
When there is an angle between the force and the displacement, W=F.d cos O.
True
False
True: when there is an angle between force and displacement, [tex]W=Fd cos \theta[/tex]
Explanation:
The work done by a force when pushing/pulling an object is given by the equation
[tex]W=Fd cos \theta[/tex]
where
F is the magnitude of the force
d is the displacement of the object
[tex]\theta[/tex] is the angle between the direction of the force and of the displacement
We have two extreme cases:
- When the force is parallel to the displacement, then [tex]\theta=0^{\circ}[/tex] and [tex]cos \theta = 1[/tex], so the work done is maximum and simply becomes
[tex]W=Fd[/tex]
- When the force is perpendicular to the displacement, then [tex]\theta=90^{\circ}[/tex] and [tex]cos \theta =0[/tex], so the work done is zero.
Learn more about work:
brainly.com/question/6763771
brainly.com/question/6443626
#LearnwithBrainly
A 60kg block innitially at rest is pulled to the right a long a horizontal force of12N. Find the speed of the block after it has moved 3M if the surface in contact have a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.15
Answer:
The speed of the block after it has moved 3M if the surface in contact have a coefficient of kinetic friction of 0.15 is 1.7s m/sec
Explanation:
Given:
mass of the block = 6.0 kg
Force with which the block is pulled = 12 N
Kinetic friction \mu= 0.15
Distance travelled s = 3 m
To Find:
speed of the block after it has moved 3 metres =?
Solution :
W know that the friction formula is
[tex]f_k = \mu m g[/tex]
Substituting the values,
[tex]f_k = (0.15)(6)(10)[/tex]
[tex]f_k= 9 N[/tex]
Now Acceleration is Given by
[tex]a=\frac{F -f_k}{m}[/tex]
[tex]a=\frac{12 - 9}{60}[/tex]
[tex]a=\frac{3}{6}[/tex]
a= 0.5 [tex]m/s^2[/tex]
Initial velocity is u = 0
Also we know that,
[tex]v^2 - u^2=2as[/tex]
So the equation becomes
[tex]v^2 =2as[/tex]
[tex]v=\sqrt{2as}[/tex]
Substituting the values,
[tex]v=\sqrt{2as}[/tex]
[tex]v=\sqrt{2(0.5)(3)}[/tex]
[tex]v= \sqrt{3}[/tex]
v= 1.73 m/s
. Which is the transfer of energy as waves moving through space?
conduction
insulation
convection
radiation
Answer:
Radiation is the answer to your question
Which statements describe ocean currents?
Answer:
Answer: •Currents occur at the surface of and deep within the ocean.
•The Coriolis effect contributes to the direction of current flow.
•Wind direction, the spin of Earth, and differences in temperature
Explanation:
A tin can has a volume of 1000cm^3 and a mass of 100g . What mass of lead shot can it carry without sinking in water.
900 grams of lead can be added max to the tin so that it does not sink.
Explanation:
According to the Archimedes principle, an object will not sink in a medium until the density of the object exceeds the density of the medium.
The medium we have is water.
The density of medium(water) is given as ρ° = 1 g/cm³
Density of an object is simply its mass contained per unit volume.
Density = mass/volume
Volume of the tin = v = 1000 cm³
Mass of the tin = m = 100 g
Mass of lead that can be added without sinking = x
Total mass after adding lead in the tin = Mt = m + x
Total density after lead is added to the tin is given as:
ρt = (m+x)/v
Now, according to Archimedes principle, lead can be added to the tin until the density of tin is equal to the density of water.
ρt = ρ°
Mt/v = ρ°
(m + x)/v = ρ°
⇒ (100 + x)/1000 = 1
⇒ 100 + x = 1000
⇒ x = 1000 - 100
x = 900 g
Keyword: Archimedes principle
Learn more about Archimedes principle from https://brainly.com/question/10589409
#learnwithBrainly
A 3kg Snickers candy bar is dropped of the top of the Washington Monument. If the
Monument is 170m tall, how fast does the Snickers hit the ground?
The final velocity of the candy is 57.7 m/s
Explanation:
The motion of the candy is a free fall motion, since it is subjected only to the force of gravity, so it is a uniformly accelerated motion and therefore we can use the following suvat equation:
[tex]v^2-u^2=2as[/tex]
where
v is the final velocity
u is the initial velocity
[tex]a=g=9.8 m/s^2[/tex] is the acceleration of gravity
s is the vertical displacement
In this problem, we have:
u = 0 (the candy is dropped from rest)
s = 170 m (the vertical displacement is the height of thr monument)
Solving for v, we find the velocity of the candy as it hits the ground:
[tex]v=\sqrt{u^2+2as}=\sqrt{0+2(9.8)(170)}=57.7 m/s[/tex]
Learn more about free fall motion:
brainly.com/question/1748290
brainly.com/question/11042118
brainly.com/question/2455974
brainly.com/question/2607086
#LearnwithBrainly
Which of the following correctly describes the inflammatory reaction?
A.
Injured cells stimulate increase in neutrophils & macrophages- which leads to phagocytosis of foreign invaders- which stimulates bradykinin- which initiates the release of histamine- which causes pain, swelling, redness, & heat
B.
Injured cells stimulate histamine- which initiates the releases of bradykinin- which increases neutrophils & macrophages- leads to phagocytosis of foreign invaders- causes pain, swelling, redness, & heat
C.
Injured cells stimulate bradykinin- which initiates the release of histamine- which causes pain, swelling, redness, & heat- increases neutrophils & macrophages- leads to phagocytosis of foreign invaders
D.
Injured cells stimulate pain, swelling, redness, & heat- which initiates bradykinin- which stimulates the release of histamine- which increases neutrophils & macrophages- leads to phagocytosis of foreign invaders
Answer:
I think D.
Injured cells stimulate pain, swelling, redness, and heat- which initiates bradykinin-which stimulates the release of histamine- which increases neutrophils and macrophages- leads to phagocytosis of foreign invaders.
Answer:
Injured cells stimulate bradykinin- which initiates the release of histamine- which causes pain, swelling, redness, & heat- increases neutrophils & macrophages- leads to phagocytosis of foreign invaders
Explanation:
Took the test
What connects our muscles to our bones?
Answer:
Tendon connects our muscles to our bones.
Explanation:
A tendon (or sinew) is a tough band of fibrous connective tissue that usually connects muscle to bone and is capable of withstanding tension.
Tendons are similar to ligaments and fasciae; all three are made of collagen.
Ligaments join one bone to another bone; fasciae connect muscles to other muscles.
Tendons and muscles work together to move bones.
The tendon is the part of the muscle that connects directly to the bone.
at what age u are a teens
Answer:
13 to 19 years old
Explanation:
Because these 6 years there is the word TEEN 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and 19. but in 20 there is no teen.
PLEASE MARK AS BRAINLIEST!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Newton's First Law says that an object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless:
Question 1 options:
Acted on by a balanced force
Acted on by an unbalanced force
Acted on by equal forces in opposite direction
Acted on by multiple forces
Answer: Acted on by equal forces in opposite direction
Explanation:
Newton's First Law says that every body continue in its state of rest or constant speed on a straight line unless being acted upon by an external force.
Answer:
Acted on by equal forces in opposite direction
Explanation:
a cart accelerates at 2 m/s^2 when a force of 60 N is applied, what is the mass of the cart?
Answer:
30 kg
Explanation:
Newton's second law:
F = ma
60 N = m (2 m/s²)
m = 30 kg
Answer:
[tex]30\:g[/tex]
Explanation:
Isaac Newton's second law of motion
[tex]\displaystyle ma = F_{net}[/tex]
[tex]\displaystyle \frac{60}{2} = m \\ \\ 30 = m[/tex]
* Now, that bar above 18 is what is known as bar notation, indicating repetition in the digits.
I am joyous to assist you anytime.
One type of entrepreneurial business could be an online business, and the article
lists Amazon as an example. If you get a job tomorrow working at Amazon, does
that make you an entrepreneur? Why or why not?
Answer:
No you would not be an entrepreneur
Explanation:
An entrepreneur is someone who creates a business, and also organize the business affairs. The entrepreneur takes on the biggest financial risk.
Answer:
No, taking a job with Amazon does not make one an entrepreneur
Explanation:
An entrepreneur is an individual that sets up a business or businesses (with the aim of making profit). In any organization, the person or persons that start up the business or businesses are the entrepreneurs while the people employed are the employee of the business/businesses.
Entrepreneurs usually create jobs for the employee and not the other way round (even when the idea could come from the employee).
From the above, it can be deduced that a person who gets a job at Amazon is an employee while the owner of Amazon is the entrepreneur.
show that the centre of a rod of mass M and length L lies midway between the ends assuming that the rod has uniform cross section per unit length
Explanation:
The cross section per unit length is uniform, so ρ is constant.
The center of mass is therefore:
x_avg = (∫₀ᴸ x ρ dL) / (∫₀ᴸ ρ dL)
x_avg = (∫₀ᴸ x dL) / (∫₀ᴸ dL)
x_avg = (½ L²) / (L)
x_avg = ½ L
Accuracy and precision mean the same thing.
True or
False
Answer:
Accuracy refers to how close measurements are to the "true" value, while precision refers to how close measurements are to each other
The given statement " Accuracy and precision mean the same thing" is false because accuracy and precision are two distinct concepts used to describe the quality of measurements.
1. Accuracy: Refers to how close a measured value is to the true or accepted value. In other words, it measures the correctness of a measurement. A measurement is considered accurate if it is close to the true value.
2. Precision: Refers to the consistency or reproducibility of measurements. It describes how close multiple measurements of the same quantity are to each other. Precision does not necessarily imply accuracy; measurements can be precise but not accurate if they are consistently off-target.
In summary, accuracy relates to correctness, while precision relates to consistency. A measurement can be accurate, precise, both, or neither. Therefore, accuracy and precision do not mean the same thing, and it is essential to distinguish between the two when evaluating the reliability of measurements.
To learn more about Accuracy and precision here
https://brainly.com/question/31961485
#SPJ2
Convert an absolute pressure of 6.31 ✕ 105 N/m2 to gauge pressure in lb/in2
Answer:
The gauge pressure is = 91.52 lb/in²
Explanation:
Given data,
The value of pressure in S.I unit, = 6.31 x 10⁵ N/m²
The conversion formula for SI unit into US Customary Units is given by,
1 N/m² = 1.45 x 10⁻⁴ lb/in²
Using the conversion formula, the new value of pressure becomes,
Pressure = 6.31 x 10⁵ X 1.45 x 10⁻⁴ lb/in²
= 91.52 lb/in²
Hence, the gauge pressure is, ς = 91.52 lb/in²
To convert the absolute pressure of 6.31 × 10^5 N/m² to gauge pressure in lb/in², subtract the atmospheric pressure from the absolute pressure and then convert the gauge pressure from N/m² to lb/in² using the conversion factor. Therefore, the gauge pressure is approximately 76.8 lb/in.².
Explanation:To convert the absolute pressure of 6.31 × 10^5 N/m² to gauge pressure in lb/in², we can use the conversion factor of 1 lb/in.² = 6.90 × 10³ N/m². First, we'll calculate the gauge pressure in N/m² by subtracting the atmospheric pressure (which is 1 atm) from the absolute pressure:
Gauge Pressure = Absolute Pressure - Atmospheric PressureGauge Pressure = 6.31 × 10^5 N/m² - (1.013 × 10^5 N/m²)Gauge Pressure = 5.3 × 10^5 N/m²Next, we'll convert the gauge pressure from N/m² to lb/in²:
Gauge Pressure in lb/in.² = Gauge Pressure in N/m² × Conversion FactorGauge Pressure in lb/in.² = (5.3 × 10^5 N/m²) × (1 lb/in.²/6.90 × 10³ N/m²)Gauge Pressure in lb/in.² ≈ 76.8 lb/in.²Therefore, the gauge pressure is approximately 76.8 lb/in.²
What is tan(16°)?
A. 0.96
B.0.16
C.0.39
D.0.29
Answer:
D. 0.29
Explanation:
What is the current through a 25 ohm resistor connected to a 5.0 V power supply? a 0.20 A b 5.0 A c 25 A d 30 A
The current through a 25 ohm resistor connected to a 5.0 V power supply is 0.2 A. Option A is correct.
Ohm's Law:
The voltage of the two points between in a conductor is directly proportional to the current flows through the conductor.
V = IR
Where,
V = voltage = 5.0 V
I = current = ?
R = resistance - 25 ohm
Put the values in the equation,
5 = 25 x I
I = 0.2 A
Therefore, the current through a 25 ohm resistor connected to a 5.0 V power supply is 0.2 A.
To know more about Ohm's Law:
https://brainly.com/question/796939
Show all work.
1. If an astronaut weighs 640 N on the earth's surface, what is the
gravitation force between him and the earth if he is 3 times the
distance from the Earth's surface?
The new gravitation force at the new location is 40 N
Explanation:
The weight of the astronaut is given by the equation
[tex]F=mg[/tex] (1)
where
m is the mass of the astronaut
g is the acceleration of gravity
The acceleration of gravity at a certain distance [tex]r[/tex] from the centre of the Earth is given by
[tex]g=\frac{GM}{r^2}[/tex]
where G is the gravitational constant and M is the Earth's mass. So we can rewrite eq.(1) as
[tex]F=\frac{GMm}{r^2}[/tex]
When the astronaut is on the Earth's surface, [tex]r=R[/tex] (where R is the Earth's radius), so his weight is
[tex]F=\frac{GMm}{R^2}=640 N[/tex]
Later, he moves to another location where his distance from the Earth's surface is 3 times the previous distance, so the new distance from the Earth's centre is
[tex]r'=3R+R=4R[/tex]
Therefore, the new weight is
[tex]F'=\frac{GMm}{(4R)^2}=\frac{1}{16}\frac{GMm}{R^2}=\frac{F}{16}[/tex]
Which means that his weight has decreased by a factor 16: therefore, the new weight is
[tex]F'=\frac{640}{16}=40 N[/tex]
Learn more about gravitational force:
brainly.com/question/1724648
brainly.com/question/12785992
#LearnwithBrainly
Final answer:
The gravitational force on the astronaut 3 times farther from the Earth's surface than the radius would be 40 N, as at this distance the gravitational force is reduced to 1/16th of its original value.
Explanation:
The question asks: If an astronaut weighs 640 N on the earth's surface, what is the gravitation force between him and the earth if he is 3 times the distance from the Earth's surface? This requires understanding of Newton's law of universal gravitation, which can be expressed as F = G(m1m2)/r², where F is the force of gravity, G is the gravitational constant, m1 and m2 are the masses of the two objects, and r is the distance between their centers of mass.
As the astronaut moves to a distance 3 times farther from the surface of the Earth, the distance (r) from the center of the Earth becomes 4r, because the initial distance from the surface to the center of the Earth (the radius of the Earth, or 1r) is included. According to the inverse-square law, if the distance increases by a factor of n, the force decreases by a factor of n2. Thus, at 3 times the distance from the surface, or 4 times the radius of the Earth, the gravitational force becomes 1/16th of what it was at the surface.
Therefore, the new gravitational force is 640 N / 16 = 40 N.
By applying a force of 55 N, a pulley system can lift a box with a mass of 20.0 kg. What
is the mechanical advantage of the pulley system?
The mechanical advantage of the pulley is 3.56
Explanation:
The Mechanical Advantage (MA) of a pulley system is given by
[tex]MA=\frac{Load}{Effort}[/tex]
where
Load is the weight of the object lifted
Effort is the force applied in input
For the pulley in this problem, we have:
Effort = 55 N
While the load is the weight of the box of mass m = 20.0 kg:
[tex]Load = mg = (20.0 kg)(9.8 m/s^2)=196 N[/tex]
Substittuing, we find the MA of the pulley:
[tex]MA=\frac{196}{55}=3.56[/tex]
#LearnwithBrainly
A pair of bullocks exerts a force of 140 N on a plough. The field being ploughed is 15 m long. How much work is done in ploughing the length of the field?
Answer:
2100 J
Explanation:
Work = force × distance
W = Fd
W = (140 N) (15 m)
W = 2100 J
Answer:
[tex]\displaystyle 2100\:J[/tex]
Explanation:
[tex]\displaystyle FD = W → 2100 = [15][140][/tex]
Force by Distance
I am joyous to assist you anytime.
If a ball is rolling at a velocity of 1.5 meters per second and has a momentum of 10.0 kg meters per second what is the mas6of the ball
The mass of the ball is 6.67 kg
Explanation:
The momentum of an object is given by:
[tex]p=mv[/tex]
where
p is the momentum
m is the mass of the object
v is its velocity
It must be noted that momentum is a vector quantity, so it has both magnitude and direction (but here only the magnitude is given).
For the ball in this problem, we have:
v = 1.5 m/s is its velocity
p = 10.0 kg m/s is its momentum
Solving the formula for m, we find the mass of the ball:
[tex]m=\frac{p}{v}=\frac{10}{1.5}=6.67 kg[/tex]
Learn more about momentum:
brainly.com/question/7973509
brainly.com/question/6573742
brainly.com/question/2370982
brainly.com/question/9484203
#LearnwithBrainly
Will give brainliest to the correct answer.
Answer:
The acceleration of the car is [tex]1.432 m/s^{2}[/tex]
Explanation:
We are assuming rightward coordinate positive and all quantities are along this direction
We know,
[tex]a = \frac{dv}{dt}[/tex]
where a - acceleration, v=velocity, t=time and x=displacement
multiply by dx in both sides
[tex]adx = \frac{dv}{dt} dx[/tex]
but we know [tex]\frac{dx}{dt} = v[/tex]
Therefore,
[tex]adx = vdv[/tex]
Here we integrate both sides with proper limits
x ranges from 0 to 110 as v ranges from 29 to 34
p = 0, r = 110, q = 29, s = 34
[tex]a\int\limits^r_pdx = \int\limits^s_q {v} \, dv[/tex]
a is given as constant thus can be pulled out of the integration
[tex]a[110-0] = [\frac{34^{2}}{2}- \frac{29^{2}}{2}][/tex]
Therefore,
Accelaration of the car is [tex]1.432 m/s^{2}[/tex]
Note:
Here moving to the right doesn't mean anything significant other than the fact that all quantities are pointing in that direction. Therefore obtained acceleration is also towards the right
If you know equation of motion for constant acceleration as
[tex]v^{2} -u^{2} = 2as[/tex] you can plug in values in this equation to obtain value of a
v - final velocity
u - initial velocity
s - displacement
A weightlifter is bench-pressing 710 N. He raises the weight 0.65m above his chest. How much work does he do with this lift?
The work done is 6958 J
Explanation:
The work done by the man to raise the weight is the equal to the increase in gravitational potential energy of the weight, so we can write:
[tex]W=mg \Delta h[/tex]
where
(mg) is the weight, with m being the mass and g the acceleration of gravity
[tex]\Delta h[/tex] is the change in height of the weight
In this problem, we have
mg = 710 N (weight)
[tex]\Delta h = 0.65 m[/tex]
Therefore, the work done is
[tex]W=(710)(9.8)=6,958 J[/tex]
Learn more about work:
brainly.com/question/6763771
brainly.com/question/6443626
#LearnwithBrainly
The work done is 461.5 J.
Explanation:
According to Kinetics, the work done is calculated as the product of force which has done work, and the displacement it has imposed. Hence,
[tex]\text {Work done}=F \times s[/tex]
In the problem, the given data, F = 710 N and s = 0.65 m
By applying the given values to the work done equation, we get as follows,
[tex]\text { Work done } = 710 \times 0.65 = 461.5 \mathrm{J}[/tex]
The unit is same as the energy, work done defines when 1 N force acts in a 1 m distance along the force’s direction.
Which of the following diagrams represent a balanced force
You push down on the car to provide more friction for the tires allowing the cars tires to propel it forward 5 meters. How much work do you do?
Answer:
The work done by you, W = 9800 J
Explanation:
Given data,
The displacement of the car, S = 5 m
Let the mass of the car be, m = 2000 kg
Let the coefficient of static friction be 0
Hence, no frictional force is acting on the tire and ground.
Let, you push down the car to provide more friction, μₓ = 0.1 (you can change the value)
In order to provide the static friction, you push down the car is equal to the static friction force,
Fₓ = μₓ · η
Where,
η - normal force acting on the car (mg)
Substituting the values,
Fₓ = 0.1 x 2000 x 9.8
= 1960 N
Therefore work done,
W = Fₓ x S
= 1960 N x 5 m
= 9800 J
Hence, the work done by you, W = 9800 J
PLZZZZZ ANSWER Which example describes a nonrenewable resource?
Everyone in our neighborhood uses solar panels to generate electricity to run their pool pumps.
Once up and running, the power plant will convert the energy from tides and waves into electricity.
There is a long stretch of land in the desert with many windmills that are able to generate enough electricity to run the town.
There are drilling platforms all along the coast that are used to drill for natural gas that can be used to generate electricity.
Answer:
I believe that the answer is D. There are drilling platforms all along the coast that are used to drill for natural gas that can be used to generate electricity.
Explanation:
Solar panels use the sun, and that is renewable.
The power plant uses tides and waves, they are renewable.
Windmills use wind, that is renewable.
So, the answer is D.
Answer:
D. There are drilling platforms all along the coast that are used to drill for natural gas that can be used to generate electricity.
As a ship comes into view over the horizon the top appears before the rest of the ship how does this demonstrate the earth is spherical
Final answer:
The appearance of a ship's top first as it approaches the horizon shows the Earth's curvature, as the lower parts disappear first due to the spherical shape.
Explanation:
When a ship comes into view on the horizon, the top appears before the rest of the ship, demonstrating that the Earth is spherical. This is because as the ship sails away from an observer, the curvature of the Earth causes the lower parts of the ship to disappear from view first, much like it would drop behind a hill. This phenomenon, which mariners like Columbus would have been familiar with, is a direct consequence of the Earth's spherical shape.
The higher masts of the ship remain visible for a while longer because they are the last to dip below the horizon as the ship follows the Earth's curvature. This effect proves that the Earth is not flat because if it were, the entire ship would simply appear smaller but would stay in full view as it moves away.
Moreover, the use of lookouts in the ship's mastheads also illustrates the Earth's curvature. On a spherical Earth, lookouts posted higher up can see further over the horizon than those at deck level. Conversely, if the Earth were flat, there would be little to no advantage of having lookouts at higher positions.