Answer: Option A
Explanation:
In Prokaryotes the the rate of new mutations is much more as compared to the eukaryotes. The rate of accumulation of mutation is slow in case of eukaryote because their generation is long as compared to prokaryotes.
Prokaryotes have short generation time and large population size which enables them to accumulate the mutation quickly.
The machinery is also not that complex when it comes to prokaryotes. Transduction, conjugation and tranposable elements. So, the changes during these processes leads to mutation in the prokaryotes and can be observed quickly due to their small generation.
A gene that is normally transcriptionally active can be "silenced" if it is relocated (through experimental manipulation) to certain regions of the chromosome (e.g., near the centromere, which is "heterochromatin-rich"). This phenomenon is an example of
Answer:
Position Effect
Explanation:
Position effect is referred to the effect on gene expression when the gene is translocated from the location it is on a chromosome to another location.
As it relates to gene silencing and euchromatic gene repositioning, Position effect variegation best explains it.
Position effect variegation occurs when a gene in some cells is silenced as a result of rearrangement of chromosomes which translocate or reposition euchromatic genes close to vicinity of heterochomatin. It is this abnormal chromosomal juxtaposition that leads to the gene silencing in stochastic pattern.
What type of actions involving the nervous system are automatic and very fast?
Answer:
A reflex action is an automatic (involuntary) and rapid response to a stimulus, which minimises any damage to the body from potentially harmful conditions, such as touching something hot. Reflex actions are therefore essential to the survival of many organisms.
Explanation:
What is not a polymer
Answer:
Elements. Metals. Ionic compounds, such as salt
Explanation:
hope this helps
A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating subunits called monomers. Examples include nylon, polyethylene, and polystyrene. Something that is not a polymer would be a small molecule that does not consist of repeating subunits, such as water or carbon dioxide.
Explanation:A polymer is a large molecule composed of repeating subunits called monomers. These monomers are linked together through chemical bonds to form a long chain. Examples of polymers include nylon, polyethylene, and polystyrene. Therefore, something that is not a polymer would be a small molecule that does not consist of repeating subunits, such as water or carbon dioxide.
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Nematodes and arthropods both _____. _____ Select one: a. develop an anus from the blastopore (pore) formed in the gastrula stage b. are suspension feeders c. grow by shedding their exoskeleton d. are lophotrochozoans e. have ciliated larvae
Answer:d
Explanation:nematodes are round worms.they live in sea ,land or freshwater habitat.they have an hydrostatic skeleton for movement. They possess a flexible and non-cellular cuticle.They are known for shedding their cuticle. This process is necessary for their growth.an example of nematode is the hookworm.
Arthropods are the most diverse phylum in the animal kingdom.they have jointed appendages and an exoskeleton containing chitin.they may be segmented into head and truck, head, thorax and abdomen or cephalothorax and abdomen.they tend to shed of their exodkeleton during the process of metamorphosis . examples of arthropods include ticks, cockroaches
Nematodes and arthropods both grow by shedding their exoskeleton, a process known as ecdysis, which aligns them within the Ecdysozoa clade.
Explanation:The question pertains to similarities between nematodes and arthropods. The correct answer is that nematodes and arthropods both grow by shedding their exoskeleton. Both groups belong to the clade Ecdysozoa, which is characterized by the process of ecdysis, the periodic shedding or molting of their exoskeleton. This allows the organisms within this clade to grow. Arthropods, with their hard exoskeleton and jointed appendages, and nematodes, with their pseudocoelom and sometimes simplistic body plan, both require molting for growth due to their outer covering. In contrast, lophotrochozoans, like annelids and mollusks, grow continuously and do not molt, differentiating them from the ecdysozoan clade.
How are food webs different to food chains explain why food webs are more useful
Pepsinogen is an:________.
a) inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach.
b) active enzyme that is released in the small intestine and digests carbohydrates.
c) active enzyme that digests proteins within the small intestine.
d) inactive precursor to a nonspecific enzyme that is synthesized in the pancreas and released in the small intestine.
Answer:
The inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach. (Ans A)
Explanation:
Pepsin is known as a digestive enzyme which is present in humans and other species digestive system. It is produced by the stomach, where it helps to digest the proteins and break down into amino acids which are present in food. In the stomach, a cell is known as a peptic or chief cell that helps to release Pepsinogen.
The Pepsinogen secreted by Chief cells is an inactive form of pepsin, on exposure to HCL (hydrochloric acid secretion from Parietal cells), gets converted to the active enzyme pepsin because HCL provides necessary acidic environments where pepsin work best. Then Pepsin hydrolyzed the proteins to polypeptide and starts protein digestion in the stomach.
Pepsinogen is an inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin, which digests proteins in the stomach. It is produced by gastric chief cells, then activated by the stomach's acidic environment.
Explanation:Pepsinogen is an inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach. It is produced by the gastric chief cells located in stomach lining and is activated by the acidic environment in the stomach. When food reaches the stomach, gastric acid lowers the pH, triggering pepsinogen to convert into active form i.e. pepsin. The primary role of pepsin is to break down proteins into smaller peptides for easier digestion later in the small intestine. Therefore, option a) inactive precursor to the enzyme pepsin that digests proteins in the stomach is the correct answer.
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What are the 6 levels of organization for ecology
Though technically there are six levels of organization in ecology, there do exist some sources which only identify five levels, namely organism, population, communities, ecosystem, and biome; excluding biosphere from the list.
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Examine the physical characteristics of the frog and
determine if it is a vertebrate or an invertebrate. Be
sure to justify your answer.
The frog should be treated as the vertebrate organisms. Here vertebrates means the animal which comprise of backbone.
What are vertebrate organisms?All animals that contain a backbone are known as the vertebrates. They are considered normally the most familiar of animals, and involved the fish, amphibians, reptiles,etc. Since the frogs contains the vertebrae’s that should be located in the backs so they should fall in the vertebrate animal class.
Therefore, we can conclude that The frog should be treated as the vertebrate organisms.
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Complete the sentence. Histone proteins increase the transcription rate for a particular gene. stabilize condensed chromosomal DNA during transcription. bind tightly to DNA and strengthen hydrogen bonds between bases. regulate gene expression by reducing the rate of transcription.
Histone proteins have multiple functions in gene regulation and can increase the transcription rate for a particular gene. They stabilize chromosomal DNA during transcription and bind tightly to DNA to strengthen hydrogen bonds between bases.
Explanation:Histone proteins are a type of protein that help organize and package DNA in the nucleus of a cell. They play a key role in gene regulation and can influence the transcription rate of specific genes. Histones help stabilize chromosomal DNA during transcription by forming nucleosomes, which are repeating units of DNA wrapped around histone proteins. This packaging helps protect the DNA and also allows for efficient gene expression. Additionally, histones bind tightly to DNA and can strengthen the hydrogen bonds between bases in the DNA molecule.
Overall, histone proteins have multiple functions in gene regulation, including increasing or decreasing the rate of transcription. By binding to DNA and modifying its structure, histones can help control which genes are active or silent in a cell.
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Suppose members of a true-breeding strain of salamanders with yellow stripes are crossed with a true-breeding strain with red stripes. Red and yellow are two alleles of the same gene. The resulting offspring have both yellow stripes and red stripes. Which dominance pattern is most likely?
Answer:
Co-dominance pattern
Explanation:
Co-dominance is a phenomenon in which the two alleles of a gene exert equal effects on each other. That is neither allele of a gene is has the ability to suppress the expression of the other.
On the other hand, the alternate version of a gene represented by alleles are both expressed phenotypically in individuals carrying a co-dominant gene.
Apart from the illustration shown in the question, a good example of co-dominance can be observed in the human ABO blood system in which both allele A and B are expressed in individuals with AB blood group.
A fly has two alleles for the color of its eyes. The green allele is recessive, and is represented by Q. The blue allele is dominant, and is represented by P. If 20 of 100 organisms are green, what is Q?
The value of Q is 0.44 if 20 organisms of 100 organisms are green.
Explanation:
Data given:
alleles for the color of eyes of fly:
blue allele = dominant represented by P
green allele = recessive, represented by Q
total number of organism = 100
number of recessive trait organism, [tex]q^{2}[/tex] = 20
Q =?
The allele frequency of the green eye is calculated as:
[tex]\frac{total number of recessive alleles}{total number of all alleles}[/tex]
= [tex]\frac{20}{100}[/tex]
[tex]q^{2}[/tex]= 0.2
q = [tex]\sqrt{0.2}[/tex]
q = 0.44
0.44 is the frequency of Q allele in the population.
Q is the homozygous recessive alleles in the population and its value is 0.44.
Answer:
A: .45
Explanation:
Rosa is 20 years old and beginning an exercise program. Her goal is to exercise at moderate intensity. What target heart rate range (beats per minute) should she try to maintain during exercise?Rosa is 20 years old and beginning an exercise program. Her goal is to exercise at moderate intensity. What target heart rate range (beats per minute) should she try to maintain during exercise?80 to 90 bpm100 to 140 bpm160 to 180 bpm185 to 200 bpm
Answer:
100 to 140 heart beats per minute
Explanation:
Heart rate basically refers to the speed of the heartbeat which is most times measured by the number of times the heart of a human being contracts in a minute. It can always vary depending greatly on the physical needs of our body and the need to take in oxygen and exhale carbon(iv)oxide.
In the case of Rosa who's only 20 years old and intends exercising at moderate intensity, the advisable or normal heart rate of of young adults of her age who has probably not developed a medical condition of the heart should be anything from 100 to 140 heart beats per minute, that is since she intends to train or exercise at moderate intensity.
4.
One of the jobs of the endocrine system is to give directions to your body
about when to grow and develop. Can you think of some times during a
person's life when the body changes?
Avita
Answer:
When growing up.
Explanation:
Such as hitting puberty
Evidence indicates that plants increase the number of stomata in their leaves as atmospheric CO2‚ levels decline. Increasing the number of stomata per unit surface area should have the effect of doing which of the following?
1. increasing dehydration of leaf tissues
2. decreasing dehydration of leaf tissues
3. countering the effect of declining CO2‚ on photosynthesis
4. reinforcing the effect of declining CO2‚ on photosynthesis
5. decreasing the O2‚ content of air next to the leaves lower than it would otherwise be
6. increasing the O2‚ content of air next to the leaves higher than it would otherwise be
a. 1, 3, and 5
b. 1, 3, and 6
c. 1, 4, and 5
d. 2, 3, and 6
e. 2, 4, and 5
Answer:
E
Explanation:
how do bones divide by shape? Give examples whilst explaining !
Answer:
dsfdsfdsfdfd
Explanation:
Peter is a 30-year old man whose father died of Huntington’s disease. Neither Peter’s mother nor a much older sister show any signs of Huntington’s. What is the probability that Peter has inherited Huntington’s disease?
Answer:
50%
Explanation:
Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant disorder that leads to progressive brain impairment and cognitive problems
The probability that Peter can inherit this disease from his father is 50% (who is carrier of the defective allele), having into account that no sign of this disorder is observed from the mother's family
A gardener is growing plants in his backyard and decides to mate a Tall, White flowering plant (DDww) with a Dwarf, Purple (ddWW) flowering plant of the same species. When the plants start to bloom he is surprised that the pair has only produced Tall, Purple offspring. In your own words, explain how this is possible.
Answer:
Tallness allele is dominant over dwarfness allele and purple allele is dominant over white allele.
Explanation:
Tall, white flowering plant DDww was mated with dwarf, purple flowering plant (ddWW).
DDww x ddWW
Offspring: all DdWw (tall and purple)
Since all the offspring appeared tall and purple, it means that the tallness allele (D) is dominant over the dwarfness allele (d) while the purpleness allele (W) is dominant over the whiteness allele (w). Both d and w are said to be recessive.
In a trait that is defined by dominant/recessive alleles, the dominant allele always masks the expression of the recessive allele.
The _____________ cells in the _________________ of a nephron can cause and increase or decrease in body pH. A. intercalated; collecting duct B. principal; proximal convoluted tubule C. macula densa; distal convoluted tubule D. glomerular; nephron loop
Answer:
The intercalated cells in the distal convoluted tubule of a nephron can cause and increase or decrease in body pH.
Explanation:
The renal collecting duct is the nephron segment where the final urine content of acid equivalents and inorganic ions are determined.
Two types of cells regulate the acid-base and volume homeostasis.
Intercalated cells, which express acid-base transporters and vacuolar H+-ATPase, maintain an apropriate acid-base balance and principal cells that express the epithelial sodium channel ENaC and aquaporin 2, regulate electrolyte reabsorption.
Filtered bicarbonate is predominantly reabsorbed from the proximal convoluted tubule about 80% and the remaining bicarbonate is reabsorbed from the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, the distal nephron, specifically the distal convoluted tubule & the connecting tubule, and finally the cortical and both the outer and inner medullary collecting duct.
Intercalated cells are enriched in mitochondria, and express proteins involved in transport of proton equivalents such as vacuolar H+-ATPase, carbonic anhydrase II and bicarbonate transporters. There are two types of intercalated cells Type-A and Type-B.
Answer:
hmmm
Explanation:
hmmmmm
what is threatened by an increase in fungal diseases? check all that apply.
Answer: Crops such a rice, wheat, and soybeans.
Animal biodiversity
Plant biodiversity
Explanation:
The increase in plant species diversity allowed which of the following events? the evolution of complete metamorphosis in insects the evolution of flight in insects invasion of marine habitats by insects a massive increase in species diversity of insects
Explanation:
The increase in plant species diversity allowed increase in species diversity of insects
Increase in plant species defines that more plant species live in grasslands and forests as a result the more insect species find a habitat there
The presence of more plant species does not only increase insect species richness, i.e. the number of species, but also insect abundance, i.e. the number of individual
Similarly, animal diversity is not only determined by plant diversity, but also by the physical structure of the plant communities
Final answer:
The increase in plant diversity greatly influenced the evolution and diversification of insects, fostering adaptations like complete metamorphosis, flight, and specialized feeding behaviors through coevolution with flowering plants.
Explanation:
The increase in plant species diversity significantly contributed to a massive increase in species diversity of insects. The evolution of complete metamorphosis in insects, the evolution of flight in insects, and a myriad of other adaptive traits were possible largely due to the broad range of ecological niches presented by the variety of plants. This flourishing diversity is attributed to multiple factors including pollination, herbivory, and the coevolution of insects and flowering plants.
During the coevolutionary process, flowering plants developed various colors, shapes, scents, and even food supplies to attract specific insects for pollination, while insects evolved the necessary mouthparts, senses, and flight patterns to benefit from these floral offerings. This coevolution created a positive feedback loop, resulting in an evolutionary arms race that expanded the diversity of both plants and insects. Some insects were repelled while others were attracted, each evolving complex adaptations in response to the other's defenses or offerings.
The relationships formed through these interactions were critical for both parties, leading to the diverse and complex ecosystems we witness today. As coevolution continued, the range of insect behaviors and physical traits expanded, allowing them to exploit the varied plant life that emerged after the disappearance of dinosaurs and flourish in numerous environments.
Lindeman developed a classification of organisms based on
Answer:
Their roles in moving energy through the ecosystem.
Explanation:
Before Lindeman's classification, Scientists focused on the characteristics and classification of Plants and Animals. Lindeman Shifted the focus of classification to Energy i.e. how the organisms depend on each other and their environment for their survival in the Ecosystem.
Lindeman's classification of organisms focused on trophic levels and energy flow within ecosystems, which contrasts with Linnaeus' classification based on physical traits. Post-Darwin, scientists pursued phylogenetic classifications reflecting evolutionary history, which, coupled with modern genetics, has led to revisions in the Linnaean system.
Lindeman developed a classification of organisms based on their energy flow within an ecosystem, particularly emphasizing the trophic levels, ranging from primary producers to primary, secondary, and higher-level consumers. This approach differs significantly from Linnaeus, who classified organisms based on noticeable physical traits. While Linnaeus' system grouped organisms that looked alike, it was later understood that such classifications may overlook more profound evolutionary and genetic relationships. After Charles Darwin's contributions to evolutionary theory, the phylogenetic classification system aimed to reflect the evolutionary history and relationships among species, which is often depicted in the form of a phylogenetic tree.
With scientific advancements, including genetic and biochemical research, the Linnaean system has undergone revisions. These revisions include classifying organisms based on their DNA, molecular similarities, or other genetic features, leading to more accurate representations of their evolutionary backgrounds and relationships than the traditional Linnaean classifications based on outward morphology alone.
The process of creating several different species from one ancestral species is called _____________________ _____________________.
Answer:
When the sub-populations become different enough genetically that they cannot interbreed, a new species is created. This process of creating several different species from one ancestral species is called adaptive radiation.
Explanation:
That should help!
Use the following vocabulary words in one sentence as they relate: Allele, Genotype, Phenotype
Answer:
fkf
Explanation:
The vagina is: A. lined by simple columnar epithelium rich in goblet cells B. similar to the inner lining of the uterus C. a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia D. another term for the cervix
Answer:
The correct answer is option C. "a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia".
Explanation:
The vagina could be defined as a muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia. The vagina is attached to the uterus through the cervix, and it is the inner structure of the external genitalia where sexual intercourse takes place. Vagina is part of the internal genitalia of women, as well as the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and the ovaries.
Answer: Option C.
A muscular tube extending between the uterus and the external genitalia.
Explanation:
Vagina is a muscular, soft and flexible canal that extend between the cervix of the uterus and the external genitalia. It is found in female mammals. It lubricates and provide sensation. It is elastic and connect the uterus to outside.
What must be true for natural selection to happen?
A. there must be no predators in the ecosystem.
B. Resources must be limited in the ecosystem.
C. there can be no competition for resources.
D. The population must be bellow carrying capacity.
Answer:
B.
Explanation: There must be competition for resources.
when did NASA begin collecting satellite data on Arctic sea ice?
Answer:
December 1972
Explanation:
Useful satellite data concerning sea ice began in December 1972 with the Electrically Scanning Microwave Radiometer (ESMR) instrument from NASA.
NASA began collecting satellite data on Arctic sea ice in 1978 using the Nimbus-7 satellite and the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR). This data has been crucial in monitoring changes in the Arctic sea ice cover over time and understanding the impact of climate change on the region.
Explanation:NASA began collecting satellite data on Arctic sea ice in 1978, when it launched the Nimbus-7 satellite. The satellite carried the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR), which was able to measure the microwave radiation emitted by sea ice and provide information on its extent and concentration.
This data has been crucial in monitoring changes in the Arctic sea ice cover over time and understanding the impact of climate change on the region. Since then, NASA has continued to collect satellite data on Arctic sea ice using various instruments and missions, including the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) and the Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat).
By analyzing this data, scientists have been able to observe the decline of Arctic sea ice and study its effects on the climate, ecosystem, and human activities in the region.
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Does a male InheritAnd the X chromosome from his mother or his father?
Answer:
A male inherits the X chromosome from his mother
Explanation:
A male then inherits the Y chromosome from his father and the X chromosome form his mother
Match these prefixes to their meanings.inter, meta, ischi, acro, supraThe prefix _________ means ischium or hip joint.The prefix _________ means between or among.The prefix _________ means above, higher than, or dorsal.The prefix _________ means end or tip.The prefix _________ means after, along, or behind.
Explanation:
The prefix "ischi" which means ischium or hip joint used in anthropology for study the skeleton analysis to determine the height,sex & ageThe prefix "inter" which means between or among to filled the sentences to complete the verb in englishThe prefix "supra" which means above, higher than, or dorsal to determine the number of adding and word to define the number of greater valueThe prefix "acro" which means end or tip for define the ending and steps of the finshing in projectThe prefix "meta" which means after, along, or behind to define the past and the word of tense and complete the sentences in english and all subjectA prefix is the group of letters which are added in the beginning of words. Ischi is the prefix for hip joint, inter for between, supra is above, acro is end, meta is along.
Match these prefixes to their meanings inter, meta, ischi, acro, supra. The prefix ischi means ischium or hip joint.The prefix inter means between or among.The prefix supra means above, higher than, or dorsal.The prefix acro means end or tip.The prefix meta means after, along, or behind.
Thus, the prefixes are letters which are added in the beginning of a word which can change the meaning of the word.
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What observations can you make about this group of people? Name one inference you can make from your observations
Answer:
The people are part of a softball team. They appear happy, they are showing the number one with their fingers, and they are holding a trophy. They probably won the softball league championship
The picture showing a winning team holding a big trophy indicating towards their success.
The picture is indicative of a sports team which has a majority of girls. The raised index finger in some of the team members is indicative of symbol of victory and joy. These people are smiling for a group photograph with their winning trophy. The inference can be deduced from the observations are as follows:1. It is indicative of spirit of sportsmanship and unity of team.
2. Joy and happiness can be observed on face of team mates.
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Bicoid mRNA is expressed in a gradient in Drosophila embryos. Loss of Bicoid function leads to embryos with two posterior ends. If researchers injected bicoid mRNA into the posterior end of an embryo with no bicoid function, the embryo would most likely develop _.
A normally B with two posterior ends C with two anterior ends D with no anterior–posterior body axis
Explanation:
C with two anterior ends
Bicoid mRNA is actively limited to the anterior of the organic product fly egg during oogenesis along microtubules by the engine protein dynein, and held there through relationship with cortical actin Interpretation of bicoid is managed by its 3' UTR and begins after egg depositionThe posterior region (counting the hindgut) grows and stretches out towards the anterior pole along the dorsal side of the incipient organismSegments of the incipient organism become noticeable, making a striped course of action along the anterior-posterior axisFinal answer:
Injecting bicoid mRNA into the posterior end of an embryo lacking bicoid function would likely lead to the development of two anterior ends (C), as bicoid is responsible for anterior development in Drosophila.
Explanation:
If researchers injected bicoid mRNA into the posterior end of an embryo with no bicoid function, the embryo would most likely develop with two anterior ends. The bicoid protein acts as a morphogen that establishes the anterior-posterior axis in Drosophila embryos. Normally, bicoid mRNA is localized to the anterior end of the egg, which leads to the gradient formation necessary for the proper development of the head and thorax. However, when bicoid mRNA is artificially placed at the posterior end in an embryo lacking functional bicoid, it can lead to the translation of bicoid protein there, possibly mimicking the anterior environment and thus inducing anterior structures in the place of posterior ones.