Part a - bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan is a polymer of millions of n-acetylglucosamine (nag) and n-acetylmuramic acid (nam) sugars based on glucose molecules linked together in long chains cross-braced with four amino acids that link individual polymer chains together in a chain-link fence pattern. layers of cross-braced nag and nam sheets are stacked vertically and held together by proteins with lipid anchors attached to the cell's cytoplasmic membrane to form a scaffold of sugars and proteins that is able to hold the bacterial cell's shape, even in response to extreme osmotic pressures. how would you expect a microbiology student to be able to describe the composition of peptidoglycan? what is the composition of the peptidoglycan layers found in the cell wall of bacteria?

Answers

Answer 1
I believe the appropriate answer is, short amino acid chains, NAG, NAM, and some lipid proteins.
Peptidoglycan is also known as Murein, it is a polymer consisting of sugars and amino acids that form a mesh-like layer outside the plasma membrane of most bacteria, forming the cell wall. The sugar component consist of alternating residues of β-(1,4) linked N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM),

Related Questions

The branch of the autonomic nervous system that slows down the body as it recovers from exposure to a stressor is the _______________ nervous system

Answers

Sympathetic is the answer

Answer:

Parasympathetic

Explanation:

This is the science of genes, heredity and variation of organisms.

Answers

that is true. because life would not be around if we didn't have these things oh and also you might want to put cells in there to because cells relate to our genes and make up us 

Answer:

It's genetics

Explanation:

An electrocardiogram is prescribed for a client complaining of chest pain. the nurse recognizes which as an early finding of an infarcted area of the heart?

Answers

Peak T waves in the ecg

A bacterial population that has been growing for 15 generations began as a single cell. how many cells are present now?

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32,768 cells are present now. 

Coordination by the nervous and endocrine systems results in

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 The Nervous and Endocrine Systems ... that results in a change in the activities of the organism

Oswald avery showed that
a. cells missing protein and rna were able to transform r cells into s cells and kill mice, but cells missing dna could not.
b. cells missing dna were able to transform r cells into s cells and kill mice, but cells missing protein and rna could not. selected:
c. cells missing dna, protein, and rna were able to transform r cells into s cells and kill mice.this answer is incorrect.
d. cells missing dna, protein, and rna were not able to transform r cells into s cells and kill mice. 1/1 question 16

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a. cells missing protein and rna were able to transform r cells into s cells and kill mice, but cells missing dna could not.
This proved that DNA was the important genetic material that was transferred during transformation.

If you hold a light tissue in your hands and gently blow across its top, the tissue will rise slightly because

Answers

 the answer is the pressure of moving air is less than that of static air.

hoped it helped!!

During which checkpoint do cell proteins determine whether growth factors that stimulate cells to divide are present

Answers

I think this happens during g1 phase. The g1 phase, is the first of four phases of the cell cycle that takes place in the eukaryotic cell division. During this phase the cell synthesizes mRNA and proteins in preparation for subsequent steps leading to mitosis. G1 phase ends when the cells moves into the S phase of the interphase

Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter

Answers

Yes.
The 'order' of amino acids is the protein sequence, also known as the primary structure. A peptide (short protein) with sequence XYXYXYXYX is very different from XXXXXXXYYYYYYY.

Yes, the order of amino acids in a protein is crucial and significantly affects its structure, function, and stability.

Does the order of amino acids in a protein matter

Proteins are polymers composed of a specific sequence of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. This sequence is encoded by the genetic information in DNA.

The linear arrangement of amino acids determines how the protein folds into its three-dimensional structure. The folding of a protein is driven by various interactions between the amino acid side chains, including hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interactions, electrostatic interactions, and disulfide bonds. These interactions occur between different amino acids in the sequence, and they dictate the specific folding pattern adopted by the protein.

The three-dimensional structure of a protein is intimately linked to its function.

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To promote shell formation in eggs ,what can be added to the diet of layers?

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To promote shell formation calcium should be added more often the diet of layers.  Calcium is an important mineral for egg shell quality. It is the main component of the egg shell which consists of 95% of calcium carbonate. Deficiency of calcium in the diet of layers may lead to the reduction in eggs size and also the production, poor egg quality with high chances of breakage  and also an increased layer mortality.

Describe the process of the mitotic spindle and microtubules throughout the steps of mitosis.

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The formation of the mitotic spindle starts at prophase. Between the prophase and the metaphase (some books call this the prometaphase), there are microtubules that surround the mitotic spindle fibers and these microtubules attach to the sister chromatids. In the metaphase, the two pairs of chromosomes attach to both of the two poles of the spindle. In anaphase, there will be separation of the spindles wherein the spindles go to opposite sides of the cell. In telophase, these spindles join with the centrioles, still on the opposite sides of the cell.
Final answer:

Microtubules form the mitotic spindle during Prophase, align the chromatids in Metaphase, pull them apart in Anaphase, and disappear during Telophase. They play a crucial role in chromatid separation.

Explanation:

The mitotic spindle, composed of microtubules, plays a critical role in the stages of mitosis. In Prophase, the mitotic spindle begins to form, extending from the centrosomes which move to opposite ends of the cell. The microtubules also break down. In Metaphase, the spindle fibers from each centrosome connect to a kinetochore on each sister chromatid, aligning them along the middle of the cell. The microtubules then start to contract.

In Anaphase, the spindle fibers contract further, pulling the sister chromatids apart to opposite poles of the cell. Then, in Telophase, the spindle fibers disappear, and the cell begins to split in a process known as cytokinesis.

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What organelle is labeled M?

Answers

The nucleus is labeled M.
The nucleus good luck!

The outdated term for infant-directed speech is __________.

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Final answer:

The outdated term for infant-directed speech is motherese. Motherese refers to the simplified and exaggerated speech patterns that adults adopt when talking to infants and young children.

Explanation:

The outdated term for infant-directed speech is motherese. Motherese refers to the simplified and exaggerated speech patterns that adults adopt when talking to infants and young children. It is characterized by a higher pitch, slower tempo, exaggerated intonation, and a simplified vocabulary.

Motherese is believed to serve an important role in language development by capturing the attention of infants and helping them differentiate speech sounds. It also facilitates bonding and social interaction between parents and infants.

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Final answer:

The outdated term for infant-directed speech is motherese, which involves simplified speech patterns and exaggerated intonation to help babies develop language and communication skills.

Explanation:

The outdated term for infant-directed speech is motherese. This kind of language involves simplified speech patterns, exaggerated intonation, and repetition. These elements help babies develop their language and communication skills. For instance, infants can recognize their mother's voice and discern between familiar languages and foreign ones. They also show preferences for faces that align with the sound of spoken language.

Essentially, motherese aids in the early stages of language acquisition, from cooing to babbling and eventually to the formation of first words.

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Which part of the brain is most involved in control proceeses such as impulse control, emtion control, and long term planning?

Answers

Frontal lobe is the answer you are looking for

Which of the following is not a cycle? A. The Moon B. Earth's movement around the Sun C. The Season D.Tornadoes

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the answer is D.Tornadoes
A. The Moon 
                      
Which of the following is not a cycle? A. The Moon B. Earth's movement around the Sun C. The Season D.Tornadoes

Which of the following is an example of instrumental aggression?
A. cutting off another driver in heavy traffic
B. holding up a bank (bank robbery)
C. shoving another person during an argument
D. performing a headlock on an attacker

Answers

The right option is B. holding up a bank (bank robbery) 
Instrumental aggression is a form of aggression which is carried out as a means of securing some reward or to achieve a specific goal. Holding up a bank (bank robbery) is an example of instrumental aggression because it is done for a specific goal which is to obtain money, assets or other property owned or held by the bank.

Answer: Option B

Explanation:

Instrumental aggression can be defined as showing an aggression for achieving goals. It is made o achieve some reward or to achieve an external goal such as victory.

In case of bank robbery the people will achieve money( reward) which acts as a signal of victory for the robbers.

So, bank robbing is an example of instrumental aggression.

The process of using the information in mrna to synthesize protein is ___

Answers

this process is called Translation.
Final answer:

The process of using the information in mRNA to synthesize a protein is known as Translation. It involves the decoding of the mRNA's codon sequence at the ribosomes to construct a protein from amino acids. The tRNA molecules bring the amino acids to the ribosomes.

Explanation:

The process of using the information in mRNA to synthesize protein is called Translation. This is a fundamental step carried out at the ribosomes in cells during protein biosynthesis. The mRNA's role is to serve as a template for the assembly of amino acids into a protein structure. Each triplet on the mRNA, called a codon, correlates with a specific amino acid. The tRNA molecules transport the correct amino acids to the ribosomes based on the codon sequence. The ribosomes perform the complex task of binding to the mRNA and accurately matching each codon with its appropriate amino acid, forming the final protein product.

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What percentage of patients with whooping cough die?
A.10%
B.18%
C.30%
D. 1%

Answers

The correct answer is option D, that is, about 1 percent.  

Pertussis also is known as a whooping cough is a highly contagious bacterial disorder. In the beginning, the symptoms are generally identical to those of the common cold with a fever, runny nose, and mild cough. This is succeeded by weeks of extreme coughing fits.  

Pertussis is caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis, it is an airborne disease. An estimated 16.3 million people globally were infected in 2015. The majority of the cases take place in the developing nations, and the individuals of all age groups can get affected. About 1 percent of the patients with whooping cough die annually.  


Final answer:

The death rate from whooping cough is less than 1% globally, with higher rates generally in developing countries. The best answer to the question is D. 1%, but this is still higher than the reality in many locations.

Explanation:

The mortality rate of whooping cough, also known as pertussis, is relatively low in developed countries thanks to vaccines and improved healthcare systems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the average death rate globally is far less than 1%, with higher rates generally occurring in developing countries due to limited access to medical care. Thus, the closest correct answer here is D. 1%, but even this is an overestimate for many places.

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Why do ribosomes attach to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Answers

Ribosomes are known to be the protein synthesizer of the cell and the attachment of the ribosomes to the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum is to make it rough endoplasmic reticulum. However, the process of protein synthesis usually starts when mRNA moves from the nucleus to ribosomes on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Erin is keeping a science journal. She wrote the following paragraph that explains how light travels through different mediums. But she’s made one mistake. Which sentence in Erin’s journal is incorrect? A ray of light passes through the air and enters the water inside a metal container. The light ray bends as it crosses the boundary between air and water. Once it hits the bottom of the container, the ray gets reflected. The reflected ray passes back through the water and enters the air without bending. In this example, the ray of light is both reflected and refracted.

Answers

The incorrect sentence in Erin's journal would be that the reflected ray passes back through the water and enters the air without bending.

How does light travel through different media?

Light rays travel from medium A to medium B and get refracted depending on the density of the 2 media.

Thus, when a light ray travels from air to water, it gets refracted at a particular angle and when the reflected ray travels back from the water to air, it also gets refracted at the same angle.

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The incorrect sentence in Erin's journal is: 'The reflected ray passes back through the water and enters the air without bending.'

Erin's journal contains a mistake related to the behavior of light when it travels between different mediums. Specifically, the incorrect sentence is:

'The reflected ray passes back through the water and enters the air without bending.'

Light rays refract (bend) when they transition from one medium to another, such as from water back into air, due to the change in speed as they move from a denser to a less dense medium. Therefore, the reflected ray should also bend when it moves from water to air.

Here is the corrected version of the paragraph:

A ray of light passes through the air and enters the water inside a metal container.The light ray bends as it crosses the boundary between air and water.Once it hits the bottom of the container, the ray gets reflected.The reflected ray passes back through the water and bends as it enters the air again.In this example, the ray of light is both reflected and refracted.

This explanation aligns with the principles of refraction and reflection in physics.

Fungi are both beneficial and destructive. this fungus is living in and on the tree seen here. this is a ____________ relationship and could cause the tree to ______________.
a.helpful; grow
b.parasitic; die
c.helpful; make fruit
d.symbiotic; reproduce

Answers

It would be B. I believe.
The answer is definitely B.
 

The first genetic material on earth was probably ________. the first genetic material on earth was probably ________. dna produced by reverse transcriptase from abiotically produced rna dna molecules whose information was transcribed to rna and later translated in polypeptides self-replicating rna molecules oligopeptides located within protocells

Answers

Final answer:

The first genetic material on Earth was likely self-replicating RNA molecules, as postulated by the RNA World Hypothesis. The transition from RNA to DNA likely involved a primitive reverse transcriptase.

Explanation:

The first genetic material on Earth was likely self-replicating RNA molecules. This idea forms the base of the RNA World Hypothesis, which suggests these molecules could have been the first carriers of genetic information. Unlike DNA, RNA can act both as a genetic material and as a biocatalyst due to its ability to adopt complex tertiary structures that can perform biological activities, similar to proteins.

It is believed that the transition from RNA to DNA could have been facilitated by the evolution of a primitive reverse transcriptase, converting the RNA information into more stable DNA.

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Final answer:

The first genetic material on Earth was most likely self-replicating RNA molecules, as proposed by the RNA world hypothesis. Over time, the more stable DNA started to replace RNA for the storage of genetic information, possibly through the action of early reverse transcriptases.

Explanation:

The first genetic material on Earth was probably self-replicating RNA molecules. This idea stems from the RNA world hypothesis that proposes that RNA molecules could have been the first form of genetic material, prior to the evolution of DNA and proteins. This is because RNA, unlike DNA, has the dual functionality to both store genetic information and catalyze chemical reactions as enzymes do.

The experiments of Martha Chase and Alfred Hershey in 1952 provided proof that DNA was indeed the genetic material and not proteins. However, this does not contradict the RNA world hypothesis as it is believed that the more stable DNA eventually took over the role of genetic information storage from RNA.

One theory for the origin of DNA involves the role of retroviral reverse transcriptase. This enzyme converts RNA into DNA - a process known as reverse transcription. Therefore, it is proposed that DNA could have evolved from an RNA world through the action of these early reverse transcriptases.

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Which blood pressure readings for an adult would prompt a diagnosis of hypertension? a. 110/70 b. 140/96 c. 119/79 d. 130/79?

Answers

I believe the answer is 140/96. Hypertension refers to high blood pressure. It may lead to severe complications and increases the risk of heart disease, stroke, and death.The blood pressure of less than 120/80 mmHg is normal while that of 120 to 129/80 to 89 mmHg is referred as prehypertension, and that of 140/90 mmHg or higher is hypertension. 

When a predator eats its prey, all the energy from the prey is transferred into the biomass of the predator
A) true
B) false

Answers

the answer is true :) 

Answer is B) false.

According to 10 % law of energy transfer, when a predator such as hawk eats its prey such as snake in a grassland ecosystem , only 10 % of the available energy of the prey (snake) is transferred into the biomass of the predator (hawk). Most of the remaining energy is lost as heat to the environment.


Rosemary had a stroke about a year ago and now she cannot understand what people are saying to her. this is embarrassing for her, so she responds using vague language and tries to make it appear as though she understands. which area of rosemary's brain was likely damaged by the stroke?

Answers

The area of Rosemary’s brain that was likely damaged by the stroke is the Wernicke’s area. This is the region of the brain that is important as they are responsible for language development in which this might have been the reason as to why Rosemary doesn't understand what are the people around her telling her.

Choose the correct answer.


Which phylum includes animals that lack tissues?


A. Cnidaria

B. Porifera

C. Platyhelminthes

D. Arthropoda

E. Chordata

Answers

Answer is B. Porifera

Members of the phylum porifera includes animals which lack tissues. These animals are also called sponges. These are the simplest multicellular animals. Even though they are multicellular, they do not have any tissues or organs. They have cellular level of body organization. Sponges are aquatic animals and water plays a major role in the feeding, exchange of gases and as well as excretion.


Final answer:

Phylum Porifera, which includes sponges, is the group of animals that lack true tissues, classifying them as parazoans.

Explanation:

The phylum that includes animals which lack true tissues is Porifera. Members of phylum Porifera, commonly known as sponges, are parazoans and do not possess true tissues. They display a simple organization and have multiple specialized cell types, but these do not form the complex tissues seen in more advanced organisms, like eumetazoans. Unlike the sponges in phylum Porifera, eumetazoans, such as those in the phylum Cnidaria, have true tissues, including outer and inner tissue layers. This structure enables more complex functions and body plans. Hence, the correct answer to the question of which phylum includes animals that lack tissues is B. Porifera.

Describe how a sunshine recorder works

Answers

A sunshine recorder, is a device that records the amount of sunshine at a given area. This helps to determined information about weather and climate as well as temperature of a geographical area.

Hope this helped :)

Answer:

A sunshine recorder is a device that records the amount of sunshine in a given area. This helps to determine information about weather and climate as well as the temperature of a geographical area.

Explanation:

copy and paste this ^^^^

100%

Charles Darwin studied finches on the Galapagos Islands. While the finches on all the islands came from the same ancestors, the distance between the islands was too great to allow finches from different islands to interbreed. Over time, the size of the finches on the different islands remained the same, but the shape and size of their beaks changed, as shown here. This adaptation helped the finches find food on their particular island. The change in the size and shape of the finches’ beaks was MOST LIKELY caused by A) geographic isolation B) a change in climate. C) endangerment of the species. D) a decrease in the mutation rate. 9)

Answers

I am not sure but I think the answer would be A. Since where they live caused them to need to adapt.

The answer Is A (hope this helps)

In an experiment involving planar bilayers, a solution of table salt (sodium and chloride ions in water) is added on the left side of the membrane while pure water is added on the right side. after 30 minutes the researchers test for the presence of ions on each side of the membrane. the right side tests negative for ions. what can you conclude?

Answers

The membrane separating the left side and the right side is impermeable to ions. In a semi-permeable membrane (i.e. plasma membrane), selected molecules can freely cross the membrane by diffusion depending on the size and charge. In this case, the membrane is purely impermeable that's why there was no diffusion that happened.

In the experiment, table salt was placed on one side of a selective membrane and pure water on the other. After testing, the absence of ions on the pure water side indicates that the membrane only allowed sodium ions to pass, blocking chloride ions.

In an experiment involving planar bilayers, researchers added a solution of table salt (sodium and chloride ions in water) on the left side of the membrane and pure water on the right side. After thirty minutes, the presence of ions was tested on each side of the membrane, with the right side showing negative for ions. Considering the membrane is made from a polymer that allows only the diffusion of positive ions, we can conclude that the membrane is acting as a selective barrier, only permitting the passage of sodium ions (Na+) and not allowing chloride ions (Cl-) to pass through. This is consistent with the behavior of semipermeable membranes that are selective in their permeability to different types of ions.

In which habitat is one likely to find plants that have developed extremely large, broadleaf, evergreen leaves for gathering light, epiphytes, and climbing vines that strangle other plants?
a.taiga
b.kelp forest
c.tropical rainforest
d.temperate deciduous forest

Answers

Answer:

C. tropical rainforest

Explanation:

Because of the very dense canopy in the rainforest, little sunlight reaches the ground. For this reason most rainforest tree leaves are large and dark green, which aid them in capturing more sunlight for the photosynthesis process. Some trees will grow large leaves at the lower canopy level and small leaves in the upper canopy. These are strategies to reach sunlight in a leafy ecosystem where the light input is low.

The climbing vines apply this strategy of growing to maximize the sunlight they receive. Many start life in the canopy before sending roots down to the ground.

The Epiphytes live on the surface of other plants to make the most of the sunlight in the canopy layer.

Answer:

tropical rainforest

Explanation:

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Convert 1/ 3 to a fraction with denominator of 9 Zeno tried to train his potbellied pig to pick up the newspaper on the doorstep and bring it into the house. however, the pig pushed the paper with his snout into the garden, even though this behavior would not be rewarded. it appears that zeno's attempt to operantly condition his pig has been subject to: what was the selective service system and how did it help the united states meet manpower needs Tendon sheaths ________. a. help anchor the tendon to the muscle b. are extensions of periosteum c. are lined with dense irregular connective tissue The principal has cancelled the prom. You are trying to persuade him/her to reconsider his/her decision. ( i have to use Ethos, Pathos or/and logos Jack was found sleeping on a park bench. when awakened by a police officer, he could not remember who he was or where he lived. later, investigators discovered that jack's wife had left him the night before after a violent fight in which he tried to attack her. jack insists that he has no memories of the dispute with his wife or even of having been married. jack is probably suffering from: Since jessica suffered a head injury in a car accident 3 months ago, she has not experienced dreams as she had in the past. she used to dream vivid, active dreams. which part of her brain most likely was affected during the car accident, affecting her dreaming problem? you can float a paperclip on top of water if you very carefully place it flat on the water surface because of the molecular skin created by the interaction of air molecules with the top layer of water molecules on the surface. this is called A. Specific heat B. Cohesion C. Surface tension A, B and C are integers. If B is greater than A, then the sum of A and B will always produce a solution C with the same sign as B. True or false? Some beetles and flies have antler-like structures on their heads, much like male deer do. the existence of antlers in beetle, fly, and deer species with strong male-male competition is an example of _____. a synapomorphy parsimony homology convergent evolution Which evidence would support an argument that Americans watch more movies during times of economic recession? In a _____ research design, the same group of participants is tested repeatedly. in a _____ design, different age groups are tested at the same time.a. longitudinal; cross-sectionalb. cross-sectional; longitudinalc. cross-sequential; cross-sectionald. longitudinal; cross-sequential which of the following was the role of missionaries in the colonization of Africa what did President George Washington strongly Advocate the Americans do when France declared war on Britain How do you say am I the kind of person you find interesting? In German The age of a father is 2 less than 7 times the age of his son. In 3 years, the sum of their ages will be 52. If the son age is s years, which equation models this situation?a. (s+3)+[(7s-2)+3}=52b. 3s+3+3(7s-2)= 52c. s+(7s-2)=52d. (s-3)+(7s-2)-3=52 During the early 1900s, reform leaders tried to advance the goals of this quote by quilt squares are cut on the diagonal to form triangular quilt pieces the hypotenuse of the resulting triangle is 10 inches long what is the side length of each piece?-5-52-53-102 Find the length of the missing sides in the triangle a triangle is not Drawn to scale. t takes Dariya 35 seconds to download 5 songs from the Internet. How can the number of seconds it would take Dariya to download 7 songs at this rate be determined? Which main point do you anticipate Thoreau will make in his essay?