Answer:
Option (a).
Explanation:
Nerve impulse can be defined as electric signals, which is passed along the nerve dendrites to generate action potential (movement of ions inside and out of the cell).
At resting phase, plasma membrane of nerve cell maintains resting potential with the help of sodium-potassium pump. Upon stimulation, sodium ion channels on membrane get opened, which allows sodium ions to enter the cell and increased concentration of sodium ions inside the cell.
This movement of sodium ions causes depolarization of membrane and generates an action potential.
Thus, the correct answer is option (a).
A nurse on a medical unit is administering heparin by continuous IV infusion to a client who has a pulmonary embolism. The client’s most recent aPTT is 70 seconds. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?
a. Increase the IV infusion rate.
b. Decrease the IV infusion rate.
c. Discontinue the IV infusion.
d. Continue the IV infusion.
Answer:
it's wild guess I'm say a is answer
Which type of depression results in an individual with a manic-depressive illness.
a. major depression
b. dysthymia
c. bipolar disorder
d. seasonal affective disorder
e. all of these disorders
Answer:
The correct option is : c. bipolar disorder
Explanation:
A manic depressive illness also known as bipolar disorder, is a serious mental disorder in which the person experiences extreme mood swings ranging from manic highs to depressive lows. The manic highs includes high energy, abnormally elevated mood and reduced need for sleep. Whereas, depressive lows include low energy, loss of interest and even suicidal thoughts.
Therefore, bipolar disorder causes manic-depressive illness in an individual.
Serous Membranes:
Identify the serous membrane the sentence describes.
A lubricating liquid in serous cavities _______________
Covers the surface of the lungs ____________________
Covers the surface of the abdominal organs ________________
Attaches the heart to the body cavity _____________________
Answer:
Serous Membranes:
Identify the serous membrane the sentence describes.
A lubricating liquid in serous cavities _______________
Covers the surface of the lungs ____________________
Covers the surface of the abdominal organs ________________
Attaches the heart to the body cavity _____________________
Explanation:
A lubricating liquid in serous cavities _______________
You can talk about two types of serous membranes, although in reality it is the same membrane with a different name depending on the position it occupies. Thus, the serosa that covers a cavity in a manner similar to the paint that covers the walls of a room, is called parietal serosa. While the serosa that covers the organs that are in that cavity, is called visceral serosa.
There are some organs whose serosa receives a specific name, usually due to the importance of its function. These are:
It covers the surface of the lungs ____________________
The pleura, around the lungs.
Covers the surface of the abdominal organs ________________
The peritoneum, which covers the abdominal cavity, enveloping a large part of the digestive organs.
Unite the heart to the body cavity _____________________
The pericardium, around the heart.
The serous membrane producing a lubricating liquid is serous fluid. The membranes that cover the lungs, abdominal organs, and the heart are respectively known as the pleura, peritoneum, and pericardium.
Explanation:The serous membranes described in your questions are as follows:
A lubricating liquid in serous cavities is known as serous fluid. The membrane that covers the surface of the lungs is referred to as the pleura. The membrane that covers the surface of the abdominal organs is known as the peritoneum. The serous membrane that attaches the heart to the body cavity is the pericardium.Learn more about Serous Membranes here:
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Other symptoms of fat embolism include all the following:
a. AMS
b. Drowsiness
c. Seizures
d. petechiae
e. Nodular rash
Answer:
The answer is D petechiae.
Explanation:
The petechiae appear between 48 and 72 hours after the pathological condition is established, leading to punctiform lesions of petiquial aspect at the flank, anterior thorax and axilla. Petechiae occur when capillaries bleed and blood is shed on the skin.
Explain the process of transcytosis.
Answer:
Macromolecules are transported from one space to another through a process of transcytosis or transcellular transport. It consists of a series of steps that will allow the mobility of macromolecules from one extracellular space to another, through the cellular menbrain, through a vesicle formation process. These vesicles maintain a certain load inside. The processes that are generated for the transcytosis process are those of endocytosis and exocytosis.
Transcytosis is an active transport process that involves the movement of substances across a cell via endocytosis followed by exocytosis, powered by ATP and necessary for transporting large molecules that cannot pass through the plasma membrane on their own.
Explanation:Transcytosis is an active transportation mechanism that encompasses both endocytosis and exocytosis. In transcytosis, a substance is first ingested into the cell by endocytosis, where the cell membrane enfolds the substance into a vesicle. This does not just involve macromolecules but can include particles, parts of cells, or entire cells. Endocytosis also provides a route for the absorption of nutrients that cannot permeate the hydrophobic plasma membrane directly.
Once inside the cell, the vesicle may travel through the cytoplasm. It is transported to the opposite side of the cell, where it is then expelled via exocytosis. This intricate process allows the cell to move substances across its body, effectively working as a cellular transport system for large and specific molecules that cannot simply diffuse through the cell membrane. It is powered by ATP, thus qualifying as an active transport process. Additionally, it plays a role in both the intake of extracellular substances and the removal of waste or secretion of cellular products.
Saltatory conduction is associated with which of the following?
A) dendrites
B) myelinated axon
C) unmyelinated axon
D) interneurons
Answer:
I believe it is B.
Explanation:
Hope my answer has helped you and if not i'm sorry.
Inversion sprains produce damage to the lateral ligaments:
a. Hip
b. Knee
c. Ankle
Answer:
The correct option is : c. Ankle
Explanation:
A sprain is a damage to the ligaments of a joint. A sprain typically occurs when the joint is stretched beyond its functional range of motion or due to a trauma. Sprains are most common to occur in the ankle joint and wrist joint.
About 70-85% of the ankle sprains are inversion sprains. An inversion ankle sprain happens when the foot is inverted out of its functional range of motion. This type of sprain damages the outer or the lateral ligaments of the ankle.
A patient is suspected of having tuberculosis. What type of stain would be the most diagnostic?
a) Spore
b) Gram
c) Acid fast
d) Capsule
e) Methylene Blue
Answer: c) Acid fast
Explanation:
The Tuberculosis or TB is a pulmonary disease characterized by fever, weight loss, night sweats and most of the times a productive cough. In some patients there is cough with blood in the sputum.
It is produced by a bacteria called Mycobacterium tuberculosis who has a rod (bacillus) morphology. Additionally, it has a special component in its cell wall: Mycolic acid, a very long fatty acid.
When there is a presumption of the presence of Tuberculosis, the most inexpensive way to look for it is by taking a sample of sputum or phlegm. Then, it has to be stained with the ACID FAST also called the ZIEHL NEELSEN stain. If there are bright red bacilli, then the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is confirmed.
During infection with Salmonella it primarily replicates in the?
a) Intestinal lining
b) Liver cells
c) Macrophages
d) Gallbladder tissues
Answer:
The answer is A intestinal lining
Explanation:
Salmonella typhi is a bacterium that is located in the intestine of the host producing a diarrheal disease that can be acute or chronic, since at the level of the intestine it is usually where we will find it.
The mechanism under the therapeutio effect of lovastatin is:
A. inhbiting COx
B. inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase
C. inhibiting thrombin
D. inhibiting Na-"K" ATPase
Answer:
(B). inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase.
Explanation:
Lovastatin is a drug, which is used to reduce risk for cardiovascular diseases and to reduce level of cholesterol in blood.
It works by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase) enzyme, required for the formation of mevalonate from HMG-CoA.
Mevalonate is building block for the biosynthesis of cholesterol. Hence, lovastatin inhibits cholesterol production by inhibiting synthesis of mevalonate.
Thus, the correct answer is option (B).
Icd 10 code for lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy
Answer:
M 51.1
Explanation:
M or chapter XIII correspond to the musculoskeletical and connective tissue disorders. From M 50-54 are other dorsopathies, M51 are the intervetebral disc disorders.
The ICD-10 code for lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy is M51.2.
Explanation:The ICD-10 code for lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy is M51.2. The code M51.2 specifically represents "Other intervertebral disc displacement." It is important to note that ICD-10 codes provide specific classifications for various medical conditions and diagnoses, allowing healthcare providers to accurately document and code patient records.
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Blood flow to a tissue will decrease if the:
a. metarterioles dilate.
b. level of carbon dioxide at the tissue increases.
c. pH falls.
d. precapillary sphincters relax.
e. level of oxygen at the tissue increases.
Answer: D) precapillary sphincters relax.
Explanation:
Blood flow to a tissue will decrease if precapillary sphincters relax as, capillaries provides glucose and oxygen to the cells and allows blood to flow through it when the muscle ring known as the precapillary Sphincters get relaxed. The blood flow is stopped when the precapillary sphincters constrict flow of blood. As, certain chemical signals causes feeder arterioles to dilate and bring more blood into local areas then, it causes precapillary sphincters to relax.
Blood flow to a tissue decreases if the level of oxygen at the tissue increases, as this signals that the tissue's oxygen needs have been met. On the other hand, conditions such as the dilation of metarterioles, relaxation of precapillary sphincters, increase in CO2 levels, or pH drop generally lead to an increase in blood flow, reflecting higher tissue activity.
Explanation:The blood flow to a tissue will decrease if the level of oxygen at the tissue increases (option e). This situation is contingent on the body's feedback mechanism that regulates the blood supply in relation to tissue needs. When a tissue's demand for oxygen is satisfied, or when the level of oxygen in the tissue increases, the body tends to reduce the blood flow to that particular area until the requirement rises again.
This way, blood and oxygen can be efficiently distributed to other areas where they may be needed more urgently. On the contrary, options a, b, c, and d describe conditions that typically trigger an increase in blood flow.
Dilation of metarterioles and relaxation of precapillary sphincters both promote the advancement of blood into the capillaries. Increased levels of carbon dioxide, the product of tissue metabolism, and a drop in pH, which often accompanies this, signal a high metabolic activity, hence requiring an enhanced blood supply.
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The biochemical reactions that degrade molecules such as nutrients are called:
A. anobolic reactions
B. amphibolic reactions
C. amphipathic reactions
D. catabolic reactions
E. near-equilibrium reactions
Answer:
D. catabolic reactions
Explanation:
Metabolism employs catabolic reactions to break down large molecules (nutrients) carbohydrates, fats, proteins as food is ingested. Then they degrade the molecules , being smaller and releasing the energy we need in order to function. The metabolic processes ocurr in all cell of the body.
Catabolism and anabolic reactions are good companions as they occur together.
Final answer:
The biochemical reactions that degrade molecules such as nutrients are known as catabolic reactions. They release energy by breaking down molecules, which contrasts with anabolic reactions that build larger molecules and require energy input.
Explanation:
The biochemical reactions that degrade molecules such as nutrients are called catabolic reactions. These reactions are exergonic, meaning they release energy as they break down molecules into smaller units. Their importance lies in the fact that they provide the energy cells need to perform vital processes. Anabolic reactions, on the other hand, are endergonic, requiring the input of energy to build larger molecules from smaller ones. Since the digestion of food involves the breakdown of molecules to extract energy, the reactions occurring during digestion are catabolic. The role of enzymes is to catalyze both catabolic and anabolic reactions, facilitating biochemical processes at the temperatures and concentrations found within living organisms.
The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution states that no state shall make or enforce any law...(which shall) deny any person with ts jurisdiction _________________
a. freedom to practice his/her religion
b. access to the printed word
c. the equal protection of the laws
d. trial by jury
Answer:
c. the equal protection of the laws
Explanation:
Section 1 of the Fourteenth Amendment establishes the requirements to be a U.S. citizen and some of their civil rights including "the equal protection of the laws." While the 5th Amendment requires the U.S. government to practice equal protection, the 14th Amendment requires states to practice it. The Equal Protection Clause guarantees the same rights, privileges, and protections to all citizens and therefore, it prevents states governments from having a preference to apply or not to apply laws to some individuals and not to others
When asthma attacks, the patient can hardly breathe. Which of the following should probably be administered to the patient?
a. norepinephrine, to relax smooth muscle in the bronchioles and increase airflow
b. antihistamine, to counteract the bronchoconstriction caused by histamine
c. ACh, to increase bronchoconstriction
d. a and b are correct
e. a, b and c are correct
Answer:
The answer is D: A and B are correct
Explanation:
During an acute asthmatic crisis it is mandatory to act quickly to improve the ventilation of the patient, the use of bronchodilators and antistamines through the nose, give good results in these conditions, especially in children.
What are microvilli/cilia? What are their functions?
Answer:
Many cells in the body have extensions of their cellular menbrana, which depending on their length can be cilia or microvilli, which are the shortest. We see the case, for example, the microvilli found in the small intestine, more abundant at the level of the second and third portions of the intestine, which favors the great absorption of liquids, proteins and nutrients that occur at this level.
Cilia are cellular structures that have a more defined formation and are characterized by their nucleus being made up of proteins and enveloped by the cytosol and plasma menbrana. They are presented as an appendix in the form of hair; We will find these cilia in the cells of the respiratory system and in the reproductive system where they help the mobility of foreign bodies (respiratory system) and the movements of sperm (reproductive system).
Enzymes are:
a. biological catalysts.
b. have peptide nature (proteins).
c. agents that significantly speed up the rate of biochemical reaction.
d. all of the above.
Answer: All of the above.
Explanation:
Enzymes can be defined as the proteins that does nit takes part in the chemical or biochemical reaction but enhances the rate of reaction.
All the enzymes are proteinous in nature and gets denatured at a very high temperature. They are known as catalyst which can increase the rate of reaction by decreasing the activation energy.
Hence, all the given options are correct regarding enzymes.
An excitatory neurotransmitter ______ the postsynaptic membrane.
a. depolarizes
b. repolarizes
c. hyperpolarizes
d. does not affect the polarity of
e. moves across channels in
Answer:
Depolarise.
Explanation:
Excitatory post synaptic potential may be defined as the potential that has the ability to fire an action potential. They have an additive effect on the membrane potential.
This post synaptic potential causes the influx of sodium ions and changes the membrane potential towards more negative. They causes the depolarization of the cell.
Thus, the answer is option (a).
An excitatory neurotransmitter a. depolarizes the postsynaptic membrane. Therefore , a. depolarizes is correct .
When an excitatory neurotransmitter binds to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane, it triggers a series of events that lead to a reduction in the membrane's resting potential, making it more likely to generate an action potential.
This depolarization brings the membrane potential closer to the threshold for firing an action potential, enhancing the excitability of the postsynaptic neuron.
In contrast, inhibitory neurotransmitters hyperpolarize the postsynaptic membrane, making it less likely to fire an action potential by moving the membrane potential further from the threshold.
The intricate balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters is essential for proper neural communication and the regulation of neuronal activity in the nervous system.
Neural communication is a complex process that relies on the precise interaction of neurons through synapses.
The transmission of signals from one neuron to another occurs at these specialized junctions, and neurotransmitters play a crucial role in this process.
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What is the name of the region inside the bladder bounded by the two uretal openings and the urethra?
a. Trigone
b. Detrussor muscle
c. Mucous layer
d. Transitional Epithelium
Answer:
The correct option is: a. Trigone
Explanation:
The trigone is the smooth triangular region that forms the floor of the urinary bladder above the urethra and consists of smooth tissues for the easy flow of urine. The trigone is connected to the two ureters and the urethra.
The trigone is very sensitive to expansion. Once expanded to a certain extent it signals the brain for the excretion of urine through the urethra.
Which of the following statements is FALSE about the glomerulus and the processes that occur there?
a. Capsular hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure of fluid pressing on the capsule and opposes filtration
b. Net filtration pressure in the glomerulus is the difference between forces favoring filtration and forces opposing filtration
c. Blood from the afferent arteriole is filtered by size when it enters the glomerulus because of the many fenestrae.
d. Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole lowers glomerular filtration rate.
Answer:
The correct answer is option D.
Explanation:
The vasoconstriction or the narrowing of the blood vessels regulate the filtration rate of the glomerulus. The afferent arteriole vasoconstriction decreases the flow of blood to the glomerulus thus, decreases the filtration rate
The vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole increases the glomerular filtration rate due to the increase in the blood level in the glomerular capillaries.
Thus, option D is the correct option.
The false statement about the glomerulus is that vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole lowers the GFR, whereas it actually increases the GFR by increasing the hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus.
Explanation:The false statement about the glomerulus and the processes that occur there is option (d): Vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole lowers glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Actually, vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole typically increases GFR by increasing hydrostatic pressure within the glomerulus. The net filtration pressure in the glomerulus is indeed the difference between forces favoring filtration and forces opposing filtration, as stated in option (b). In option (a), capsular hydrostatic pressure does oppose filtration by pressing on the capsule's fluid. For option (c), blood from the afferent arteriole is filtered by size as it enters the glomerulus, which is facilitated by the many fenestrae (pores) present that allow the passive diffusion of solutes, except for macromolecules like proteins.
Define and compare the process of external respiration and internal respiration.
Answer:
External respiration:
External respiration may be defined as the process of exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen between the body and external environment. This is a mechanical process and may or may not require ATP. Only gases are exchanged in the external respiration process. This process may be voluntary or involuntary in nature.
Internal respiration:
Internal respiration may be defined as the process of diffusion of oxygen from blood into the interstitial fluid and carbon from the interstitial fluid into the blood. This is a chemical process that requires ATP. Nutrients are broken down into smaller substances and ATP is produced during this process. Internal respiration is an involuntary process.
Where do you have smooth muscle fibers and where do you have collagen fibers?
Answer:
The smooth muscle is made up of a group of spindle-shaped cells, they do not have transverse striations, they are also known as non-wills and they will be found in the esophagus, intestine, stomach, uterus, blood vessels.
Collagen fibers are protein molecules that form fibers produced by connective tissue cells. They are found in 25% forming the skin and bones.
Smooth muscle fibers are found in the walls of hollow organs and passageways, while collagen fibers are present throughout the body.
Explanation:Smooth muscle fibers are found throughout various parts of the body, usually in the walls of hollow organs and passages such as the intestines, stomach, urinary bladder, respiratory tract, blood vessels and the iris of the eyes. These cells do not have striations, have a single nucleus, and are tapered at both ends. They are not under voluntary control, thus referred to as involuntary muscles.
On the other hand, collagen fibers are mainly located in the connective tissues of the body. Collagen is key in providing structural support and is abundant in the skin, ligaments, tendons, and bones. It is the primary component of the extracellular matrix and provides the tissue with strength and flexibility.
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which of the following is a characteristic of low- context culture
Answer:
Efficiency and speed are valued
Explanation:
Anorexia nervosa is the chronic fear of:
a. eating.
b. getting fat.
c. being lazy.
d. vomiting.
Answer:
The correct answer to the question: Anorexia nervosa is the chronic fear of:____, would be, B: Getting fat.
Explanation:
Anorexia nervosa, like other such alimentary disorders, is defined as the abnormal fear that people have to gaining weight. In order to prevent it, they resort to all kinds of methods to prevent that from happening. The real problem lies in the distorted way that the person perceives his/her body, with the result always being that they think they are fat. The fear of gaining weight makes them almost paranoid in reducing calorie intake, or getting rid of any calories present, if they have eaten anything at all. The answer is B, because these patients, more than an aversion to food, have an aversion to seeing themselves fat.
Answer:
B getting fat
explanation
Which of the following statements is FALSE about fluid compartments and body fluid composition?
(a) Males generally have more muscle mass and therefore more water content than females
(b) Fluids such as lymph and plasma would be considered transcellul ar fhaids
(c) Nat and CI- are more heavily concentrated in extracellular fluids
(d) Most water inside the body is contained within the intracellular
Answer:
Out of the four given statements, the false statement is
option d)
Explanation:
a) Muscle mass and hence water content is greater in males than in females
b) Transcellular fluid is the portion of total water content in the body which is contained within the lined spaces of epithelial tissue. It is a part of the extracellular fluid which includes plasma and lymph can also be considered as tanscellular fluid.
c) Na+ and Cl- are the major content of extracellular fluids
d) About 60% of water inside the body is contained within extracellular and not in intra cellular.
Most water inside the body is contained within the intracellular is false about fluid compartment and body fluid composition.
What is Fluid compartment and body composition?Fluid compartment refer to fluid present inside all cells of the body which comprises of a compartment system that is largely segregated from other systems by hydrostatic pressure. This pressure help to exert a fluid against a wall.
Body fluid composition is refers to total fluid constituents or materials that are in the body. This involve the percentages of fat, bone, water and muscle in human bodies
Therefore, Most water inside the body is contained within the intracellular is false about fluid compartment and body fluid composition.
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Boyle's law states that volume is ____________.
Answer:
Explanation:
Volume and Pressure are inversely related. Temperature is held constant.
P * V = P1 * V1 is the formula for Boyle's Law.
I think what you need to put in the blank is
volume is inversely related to pressure.
A one word answer is nothing going to say that.
Boyle's Law is a basic law in chemistry describing the behavior of a gas held at a constant temperature. The law, discovered by Robert A. Boyle in 1662, states that at a fixed temperature, the volume of gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted by the gas.
The respiratory membrane consists of the following except:
a. alveolar wall
b. lymphatic vessel basement membrane
c. epithelial basement membrane of the alveolar wall.
d. capillary basement membrane
e. capillary endothelial cells
Answer:
The answer is B: lymphatic vessel basement membrane.
Explanation:
The respiratory menbrana consists of the following elements:
1- A layer of liquid that covers the alveolus and that contains the substances that decrease the surface tension of the alveolar liquid.
2- The alveolar epithelium composed of fine epithelial cells.
3- A basal epithelial menbrana.
4- An interstitial space between the alveolus and the capillary menbrana.
5- A capillary endothelial menbrana.
The respiratory membrane does not include the lymphatic vessel basement membrane as part of its structure, which makes option b the correct answer to the question.
Explanation:The respiratory membrane consists of the alveolar wall, the epithelial basement membrane of the alveolar wall, the capillary basement membrane, and capillary endothelial cells. The correct answer to the question 'The respiratory membrane consists of the following except' is option b. lymphatic vessel basement membrane. The respiratory membrane is a blood-air barrier that facilitates the simple diffusion of gases such as the exchange of oxygen and CO2 between the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries. It does not include the lymphatic vessel basement membrane as part of its structure.
Which lobe of the cerebrum is involved with vision?
a. frontal
b. occipital
c. temporal
d. insula
The small intestine extends from _______________ to the large intestine for about 6 meters (20 feet). It is suspended in the abdominal cavity by the ___________ which anchors it to the posterior abdominal wall.
Answer:
The answer is 1) Pylorus, 2) Mesentery
Explanation:
The small intestine extends from the stomach at the level of the pylorus, to the large intestine. It is suspended in the abdomen by the mesentery that fixes it to the posterior abdominal wall.
The mesentery is a thin sheet of tissue, continuation of the peritoneum that is made up of two portions, one internal or visceral and the other external or parietal.
Which of the following is associated with the pharynx?
a. it begins at the external nares.
b. it is a tube lined with a mucous membrane
c. it s usually called the voice box or Adam's apple
d. it begins at the fauces and ends at the epiglottis
e. it is a tube composed of smooth muscle
Answer:
The answer is B: It is a tube lined with a mucous membrane.
Explanation:
The pharynx is a smooth tube approximately 12 cm long, which begins at the level of the neck and ends at the epiglottis, is related to both breathing and oral use; it is lined with a mucous menbrana; emits intelligible sounds, being the biggest resonator.