Answer: True
Explanation: the theory of the island biogeography equilibrium modem describes that species have to get to a certain island from somewhere else which is the immigration part and other species have to migrate from the island as they run out of resources which is the extinction part. This theory shows that as the number of immigration increases and a new place is colonized the rate of extinction of species increases because there is more competition and limited resources for these species and vice versa.
What major change occurs during metamorphism of limestone to marble?
a.Limestone grains react to form quartz and feldspars.
b.Calcite grains are dissolved away leaving only marble crystals.
c.Calcite grains grow larger and increase in size.
d.Clays crystallize to micas, forming a highly foliated, mica-rich rock.
Major change occurs during the metamorphism of limestone to marble that Clays crystallize to micas, forming a highly foliated, mica-rich rock. Thus, option D is correct.
Marble is created when limestone is exposed to high pressure and temperature. The calcite crystals in limestone combine and increase in size to create massive assemblages while maintaining their original makeup. Marble is the end product of the recrystallization of limestone.
Marble is a metamorphic rock that results from the heating and pressing of limestone. As interlocking grains expand, the calcite in the limestone changes and fossils and layers in the original limestone vanish. White marble is created from pure limestone.
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Identify the series of geologic processes that can transform sandstone into quartzite
The transition from sandstone to quartzite involves a series of geological processes. It starts with sand sedimentation to form sandstone. This is followed by lithification and finally, the sandstone undergoes metamorphism under increased heat and pressure to transform into quartzite.
Explanation:The transformation of sandstone into quartzite is a complex geological process that involves three stages: sedimentation, lithification, and metamorphism. First, the primitive material (sand) forms the sedimentary rock called sandstone through a process called sedimentation, when fragments of igneous rock or shells of living organisms are deposited by wind or water to the Earth's surface.
Over time, the sandstone undergoes lithification, a process which hardens the sandstone through compaction and cementation. This occurs when the geological activity in the form of plate tectonics carries surface rocks (like sandstone) down to considerable depths, increasing the pressure and temperature that the sandstone is subjected to.
Finally, the heat and pressure physically and chemically alter the sandstone, transforming it into the metamorphic rock we call quartzite - a hard, white metamorphic stone. This process is called metamorphism, essentially meaning 'changed in form'. This series of geological transformations are primarily driven by the continuous geological activity on Earth, including continental drift, mountain building, and volcanic eruptions.
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Where is more than two-thirds of earth’s freshwater stored
Answer:
Polar Ice Caps and Glaciers
More than two-thirds of the Earth's freshwater is stored in glaciers and ice caps.
Explanation:The majority of the Earth's freshwater is stored in glaciers and ice caps, accounting for more than two-thirds of the total freshwater reserves. Glaciers are massive bodies of ice that form in cold regions and accumulate over time. They are found in places like Antarctica, Greenland, and mountainous regions around the world. When glaciers melt, they release freshwater into rivers, lakes, and underground aquifers, which are other important sources of freshwater.
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As air temperatures increase, evaporation increases, leading to more condensation and cloud formation. Low, thick cloud cover increases the albedo of the atmosphere, thereby having a cooling effect on Earth. This is an example of a____________.
Answer:
This is an example of a: negative feedback loop.
Explanation:
The Earth's climate system is in dynamic balance. It is therefore continuously adjusting to forced disturbances, and as a result, the climate is altered. A change in any part of the climate system, initiated by internal or external forcing mechanisms, will have a much wider consequence. As the effect cascades through the associated components in the climate system, it is amplified. This is known as feedback.
As an effect is transferred from one sub-component of the system to another, it will be modified in character or scale. In some cases the initial effect may be amplified (positive feedback), while in others negative feedback may be reduced).
An example of a positive feedback mechanism involves water vapor. A warmer atmosphere will potentially increase the amount of water vapor in it. Since water vapor is a greenhouse gas, more energy will be trapped that will increase the atmospheric temperature even more. This in turn produces more water vapor, establishing a positive feedback.
Which of the following statements is true? Choose one:
A. Tornado Alley, an area of frequent tornadoes, runs along the Gulf Coast from Mississippi to Florida.
B. Doppler radar cannot "see" rain or wind, so tornadoes are difficult to track.
C. Tornadoes result when opposing updrafts and downdrafts push on existing horizontal cylinders of rotating air and tilt them upright.
D. Tornadoes occur most frequently during the fall months.
Answer:
c: tornadoes result when opposing updrafts and downdrafts push on existing cylinders of rotating air and tilt them upright
Explanation:
Statement that be considered as a true statement as regards Tornado is C:Tornadoes result when opposing updrafts and downdrafts push on existing horizontal cylinders of rotating air and tilt them upright.
A tornado can be regarded as violently rotating column of air extending which usually evolve from base of a thunderstorm then to the ground. It do occur as a result of opposing updrafts as well as downdrafts push that is on the horizontal cylinders of an air that is experiencing rotation.Therefore, option C is correct.
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Which state has the longest border on the gulf of mexico?
Answer: Florida
Explanation:
Of the five states – Florida, Louisiana, Texas, Alabama and Mississippi – having a shoreline on the Gulf of Mexico, Florida has the longest border or shoreline measuring 770 miles (approximately 1239 kilometres). The total length of the Gulf of Mexico's coastline is 1631 miles (approximately 2625 kilometres). With this data it can be deduced that Florida has 47.2% of the Gulf of Mexico’s coastline.
How far is it from lexington massachusetts to concord massachusetts
Answer:
The answer is 7 miles or 11 km, by driving.
In a private jet 6 miles or 10 km, flight time 31 minutes.
Explanation:
If we have a nice traffic, It is 7 miles or 11 km. Driving time is 15 minutes.
In a private jet 6 miles or 10 km, flight time 31 minutes. Because of the curvature of the Earth, the shortest distance is actually the great circle. The straight line flight distance is 1 mile less than driving on roads, which means the driving distance is roughly 1.1 x of the flight distance.
Southwest Asia has 2 major parts. One is the __________ region, extending from the Chinese border down to the tip of the Malay Peninsula and the other is an extensive chain of _________________.
Answer:
Mainland region of southeast asia
Archipelago is known for extensive chain of islands
Explanation:
Mainland region of southeast asia
Mainland region comprises of countries like, Thailand, Laos, west Malaysia,Cambodia, Myanmar and Vietnam.
mainland region of southeast Asia is the region lies at eastern side of Indian subcontinent and north of this region is lies at south of china. This region is bounded by Indian ocean at west to pacific ocean in east.
Archipelago is known for extensive chain of islands
Answer:
Mainland region of southeast asia
Archipelago is known for extensive chain of islands
Explanation:
Imagine that scientists have discovered a new planet that is apparently devoid of life but has ice caps located at the poles. These ice caps reveal that the planet's atmospheric O2 levels sharply increased about 1,000,000 years ago but then quickly dropped 50,000 years ago. What could account for these changes in atmospheric O2 levels?
Answer:
Photosynthetic organisms was the reason of these atmospheric changes.
Explanation:
The plant which is discovered by the scientists that is apparently devoid of life but has ice caps located at the poles which reveals that planet's atmospheric O₂ levels sharply increased about 1,000,000 years ago was due to evolution of photosynthetic organisms like cyanobacteria etc which went extinct and then O₂ levels dropped quickly 50,000 years ago. So photosynthetic organisms was the reason of these atmospheric changes.
You begin climbing Mt Whitney (4420 m) from your campsite, where the elevation is 2240 m and the temperature is 23°C. Using the environmental lapse rate, what would you expect the temperature to be when you arrive at the top?
In 1985, an official policy was introduced by Gorbachev that stressed open government and increased access to information as well as more honest discussion about the country's social issues and concerns. What was this policy called?
A) Glasnost
B) Troika
C) Irredentism
D) Oligarchy
Answer:
Option A is correct.
Explanation:
This word literally means publicity. It was a policy promoted by the Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. It allowed more transparency from the government, and greater freedom for people to discuss and criticize the government, it also allowed greater freedom for the press, and other media to speak freely about their opinions on the USSR.
Its main purpose was to incentivize the people to get more involved in politics without fear of retaliation and seek solutions to common problems in the country.
Final answer:
The policy introduced by Gorbachev in 1985 that promoted openness in government and society is called glasnost. This policy, alongside perestroika, was aimed at modernizing the Soviet system but eventually contributed to its downfall and the end of the Cold War.
Explanation:
In 1985, an official policy introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev aimed at increasing transparency and open discussion in government and society was known as glasnost. This policy emphasized open government, increased access to information, and encouraged conversation about the country's social issues. Along with perestroika, a restructuring of the economy, glasnost was part of a series of reformative measures put into place to modernize the Soviet Union and alleviate economic and political tension. The policy of glasnost allowed for a more honest discussion and criticism of the Soviet government, which was a significant shift from the previously rigid and secretive operations of the state.
These reforms, however, ultimately led to the disintegration of the Soviet Union. Calls for independence from Soviet republics grew louder, and the traditional hold of the Communist Party began to weaken, culminating in an attempted coup and the eventual dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, thus bringing the Cold War to an end.
Which of the following does NOT lie in the Euro-Amerindian Mainland?
a. Central America from Guatemala to Panama (except the Caribbean coastal zone)
b. Mexico.
c. Costa Rica.
d. The Dominican Republic.
e. El Salvador.
Answer:
d. Dominican Republic
Explanation:
The Euro-Amerindian Mainland is an area that stretches from Mexico to Panama and was a self sufficient zone dominated by hacienda land tenure
Answer:
d. The Dominican Republic.
Explanation:
hope that helped
What is the name of the belief system that deals with designing buildings and placing objects on the landscape in accordance with the spiritual powers that course through the local topography?
Answer:
n irrigation system, developed in Iran, that taps into groundwater through a ... the urban center of an Islamic city; it is dominated by a central mosque and bazaar.
Explanation:
1. Which type of wave vibrates both side to side and up and down?
2. Which type of wave is the first to arrive during an earthquake?
3. Which type of wave may make the ground roll?
Answer:
1. S wave
2. P wave
3. Surface wave
Explanation:
1-Otherwise known as Slow wave, this kind of wave may travel through rock layers and shear it in a way of right-angles, however it does not propagate in liquids such as oceans or lakes.
2-Also known as the Primary wave, this kind of wave is the fastest to propagate, may travel through solids such as granite mountains and liquids such as bodies of oceans and magma under earth´s crust.
3-Surface waves are limited to being propagated just on surfaces, may move the ground in an S pattern but with no apparent vertical displacement. They may be particularly damaging to infrastructure such as buildings and housing.
Answer:
1. S wave
2. P wave
3. Surface wave
All of the following are environmental costs of relying on sanitary landfills for waste handling EXCEPT:_____.
A. the amount of suitable land available for siting.
B. the release of fly ash into the atmosphere.
C. the release of methane gas into the atmosphere.
D. the potential for leaking of leachate.
E. the reliance on fossil fuels for transporting waste.
Answer:
The answer is letter B
Explanation:
the release of fly ash into the atmosphere. Because pollution control standards now require that it be captured prior to release by fitting pollution control equipment.
Could the black hole in the nucleus of the Milky Way Galaxy be the remnant of a single dead star? Why or why not?
Answer:
The black hole in the nucleus of the Milky Way Galaxy could not be the remnant of a single dead star.
Explanation:
The very center of the galaxy is known as the nucleus of the galaxy. The nucleus of the galaxy is hidden due to the dust particles present in the galaxy, which eventually covers the light of the nucleus.
The nucleus of the galaxy is filled with numerous stars and dust and the radiation emitted by them. The black hole lies at the center of the galaxy.
These super-massive black holes could not be the remnant of a single dead star because these holes are very large.
So, the correct answer is no.
Answer:
No
Explanation:
The mass of a black hole formed from a single star would be in the range of 5 to 80 solar masses.
The mass of the black hole at the nucleus of the Milky Way is 4.7 × 10⁶ solar masses.
The image below shows a supermassive black hole. We see no light in the centre, because the black hole absorbs it. We do see light from the accretion disk, the material that gets heated as it spirals into the hole.
____ occurs when the stress created by the freezing of water into ice inside joints becomes greater than the cohesive strength of the rock containing it, thus splitting the rock into smaller pieces.
A. Frost heaving
B. Frost creep
C. Frost thrusting
D. Frost wedging
E. Frost cracking
Answer:
the answer is E
Explanation:
Which of the following occurred about 21,000 years ago?a. The North Atlantic Ocean begins to form.b. India breaks off from Antarctica and begins moving north toward Asia.c. The formation of the ice age glaciers.d. The Appalachian Mountains finish forming.
Answer: c) The formation of the ice age glaciers occurred about 21,000 years ago.
Explanation:
The last glacial period occurred in the period between 115,000 - 11,700 years in the past with the recent glacial period called Quaternary glaciation. Though some call this period the last ice age, it is a wrong definition because ice age is defined by year-long ice which still persists in the Antarctica and Greenland. The last glaciation that occurred 21,000 years in the past, is the last glaciation on Rocky Mountain.
It occurred in the period 31,000 - 10,000 years and between 23,500 - 21,000, it was at its highest. The glaciation was not made of the giant ice sheet but was made of mountain glaciers known as Cordilleran Ice Sheets. These sheets produced Lake Missoula which late caused Missoula flooding.
Answer:
c. The formation of the ice age glaciers
Explanation:
This period was know as the Last Glacial Maximum which is when temperatures dropped for a prolonged period of time resulting in formation of ice sheets wich in turn formed glaciers
Identify the FALSE statement
a. Only about 10% of the water flowing into the Mediterranean Sea comes from river input.
b. About 6 million years ago, the African plate moved northward and collided with the European plate to create a dam between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean Sea.
c. A deposit of gypsum and halite found beneath the Mediterranean Sea is ~2 km thick.
d. At times of high global sea level, the Mediterranean Sea was cut off and the trapped seawater evaporated.
There are two false statements:
About 6 million years ago, the African plate moved northward and collided with the European plate to create a dam between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean SeaAt times of high global sea level, the Mediterranean Sea was cut off and the trapped seawater evaporatedExplanation:
The Mediterranean Sea is a sea that forms a natural boundary between three continents, Europe, Asia, and Africa. The sea is connected with the Atlantic Ocean on its west, and with the Red Sea on its southeast. The connection with the Atlantic Ocean is through Gibraltar, while the connection with the Red Sea is through the Suez Canal.
The majority of the water in this sea comes from the surrounding water bodies, while the amount of water from rainfall and river discharge is significantly lower. The sea has high levels of evaporation, but because of its connections with other large bodies of water it doesn't dry out.
The statement that the African plate collided with the European plate and created a dam between the Atlantic and Mediterranean is false. For starters there isn't a European plate, but and Eurasian plate, and despite the collision of the two plates, there isn't a dam created between the two bodies of water, though it is expected to happen in the future.
At times of high global sea level, the Mediterranean Sea is not cut off from the other water bodies, but instead, because of the higher sea levels, the places of connection are significantly wider.
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Match each term to its description.1.the firm layer between the crust and the asthenospherecrust2.the semi-solid layer between the top layer and the upper mantleinner core3.the earth's outermost layerlower mantle4.the layer surrounding the inner coreasthenosphere5.the layer between the asthenosphere and lower mantleupper mantle6.the hottest part of the mantletop layer7.the metallic layer at the earth's centerouter core
Each term matches to a specific layer of Earth's interior: the lithosphere is the layer between the crust and the asthenosphere, the asthenosphere is the semi-solid layer beneath the lithosphere, the crust is Earth's outermost layer, the lower mantle surrounds the inner core, the upper mantle is between the asthenosphere and lower mantle, the outer core is the liquid layer responsible for Earth's magnetic field, and the inner core is the solid metallic center.
Explanation:The correct matches for each term to its description based on the structure of Earth's interior are as follows:
Lithosphere: the firm layer between the crust and the asthenosphere.Asthenosphere: the semi-solid layer between the top layer and the upper mantle.Crust: the Earth's outermost layer.Lower Mantle: the layer surrounding the inner core.Upper Mantle: the layer between the asthenosphere and lower mantle.Outer Core: the hottest part of the mantle.Inner Core: the metallic layer at the Earth's center.Note: The lithosphere is composed of both the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that behaves as a brittle, rigid solid, while the asthenosphere is the partially molten upper mantle material below it. The inner core is the dense, solid center of the Earth, and the outer core is the liquid layer that surrounds the inner core and is responsible for the Earth's magnetic field. The crust is the thin, outer surface layer, and the mantle is divided into the upper and lower mantle, based on depth.
If there was a volcano eruption on the mainland that wiped out a large number of mainland species, what consequence would this have on the expected equilibrium number of species on the near and far islands?
After one island has experienced mass extinction of its mainland species, the chances are that the closer and more distant islands will have no consequences when it comes to their equilibrium.
Explanation:
If an island experiences devastating volcanic eruption, and the majority of its mainland species are destroyed, the island will have huge consequences when it comes to its equilibrium number of species. The reason for this is that the equilibrium number of species represents the optimal number of species, or rather the number of species that is capable on surviving on the available resources, not more, not less. With the majority of the mainland species gone, the island will have significantly less species than the equilibrium number of species, so it will take some time in order that number to be achieved.
Because it is an island we are talking about, and mainland species in question, the nearby and more distant islands will not have any consequences on their equilibrium number of species. This is because the species on those islands will not be affected, as they don't have any direct connection with the mainland species of the island in question. Also, the mainland species from the other islands will not be able to migrate in mass numbers toward the island that experienced disaster, but only accidentally and under particular conditions, but still in very small numbers, thus maintain the balance.
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Two divers are swimming in the clear ocean water at a depth of 150 m. The first diver is wearing a white wetsuit. When the second diver sees the first diver at that depth, which of the following colors would he see?
a. red
b. orange
c. violet
d. blue
While studying for your physical anthropology midterm, your classmate tells you that the bones of Lucy, a famous australopithecine specimen that dates to about 3.2 million years ago, were dated based on carbon-14 analysis. You note that this is incorrect becausea. carbon-14 analysis cannot provide accurate date estimates that far into the past.b. Lucy is a fossil hominid, meaning her bones are no longer actually bone but rather rock.c. palaeomagnetic dating is the only way to arrive at that numerical age.d. All of the above
Answer:
The answer is Option D. All of the above.
Explanation:
Fossils are formed when living organisms become trapped in the earth and their soft tissues decompose but leave behind the hard tissues like bone. The bones gradually become rock due to the sediments that begin to cover the bones. Therefore, the fossil remains of Lucy are no longer bones and cannot provide the organic material that is necessary when trying to achieve carbon-14 dates from an ancient site. It is also true that C-14 dating tends not to be very accurate with a specimen as old as Lucy. There are new dating techniques being experimented with all the time in this branch of research, like the 40Ar/39Ar (Argon-Argon) dating technique, but in general, scientists have used paleomagnetic studies to try to date fossil remains as old as Lucy's.
Extensive landscapes formed by the dissolution of limestone and other carbonate rock and characterized by pitted, bumpy surface topography, poor surface drainage, and well developed solutions channels are known as____________.
A. karst topography.B. high tablelands.C. plains.D. basins
Answer:
A. Karsty Topography
Explanation:
Karsty topography is characterized by numerous caves, sinkholes, fissures, and underground streams and it is usually found regions of high rainfall where bedrock consists of carbonate-rich rock, such as limestone, which is easily dissolvable
The two requirements for a strong planetary magnetic field are rapid rotation and a convective interior zone composed of an electrically conductive material. Jupiter's rotational period is slightly less than 10 hours. What type of matter present within Jupiter fulfills the second requirement?
Answer:
The presence of Liquid metallic hydrogen.
Explanation:
Jupiter is primarily made of this material.
This is a phase of hydrogen where the material behaves like an electrical conductor, it happens due to the high temperature and pressure that take place in Jupiter's hostile environment.
This form of Hydrogen is not present anywhere on our planet.
If you go to a beach in the continental United States and you are standing on a long, flat strand of sand, and you look away from the open ocean and see only a few low sand dunes and then a large, open waterway, where are you? A. on a surfing beach in California B. on a the Oregon coast at the mouth of river C. on a barrier island D. on the Florida Gulf Coas
Answer:
Option (C)
Explanation:
A barrier island is usually defined as a long and narrow type of land that is dominantly comprised of sand particles and are oriented parallel to the coastal mainland.
The presence of a barrier island protects the coastal rocks from getting eroded by the strong water waves, wind, and tidal effects. This acts as a barrier and there lies a lagoon between the coastal landform and the barrier island.
It plays an important role in the ecosystem as it provides valuable nutrients and minerals, supporting a large number of living species.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C).
The method of heat transfer that plays a central role in transferring heat energy within the atmosphere and the ocean is
Answer:
Convection.
Explanation:
As we know that convection heat transfer takes place when the fluid is in motion condition.
The energy transfer from the ocean to the atmosphere takes place due to convection. We know that radiation energy transfer dominates at the high-temperature condition. Here the temperature of the ocean is not too high but some small amounts of radiation transfer also takes place.
Therefore the answer is --
Convection.
Answer:
Convection
Explanation:
Mountaintop removal mining exposes rock that _______ heavy metals and other toxic chemicals into the environment.
Hydraulic fracturing consumes precious water resources, has the potential to pollute groundwater, and can even cause _______.
Nuclear power does not directly emit greenhouse gases, but it does leave behind dangerous nuclear _______.
Alternative energy sources of wind power and solar thermal power do not burn fossil fuels, but both affect _______ populations.
The total carbon emissions from alternative energy sources are much _______ than the carbon emitted from fossil fuel plants, making them a good alternative to generating electricity.
Respond to the following based on your reading.
How do hydroelectric dams emit greenhouse gases like methane without burning any fossil fuels?
Answer:
leaches earthquakes waste bird lower When a hydropower dam diverts water into a nearby reservoir, the water that floods the reservoir kills vegetation. Any decaying plant and animal matter in the water will produce methane, and this methane is emitted from the reservoir.Explanation:
Hydroelectric dams can emit greenhouse gases like methane due to the decomposition of organic matter in the reservoirs they create.
What's the mining about?When a dam is constructed, it often results in the flooding of large areas of land, including forests, vegetation, and soil. As this submerged organic material breaks down underwater, it undergoes anaerobic decomposition, a process that occurs in the absence of oxygen. During anaerobic decomposition, microorganisms produce methane as a byproduct, and this methane can then be released into the atmosphere.
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, with a much higher heat-trapping capacity than carbon dioxide over a shorter timescale. Therefore, even though hydroelectric dams don't burn fossil fuels directly to generate electricity, the methane emissions from the decomposition of organic matter in the reservoirs can contribute to the overall greenhouse.
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Why is the geological interval around 100 million years ago called the "Cretaceous"?
A) The name refers to abundant deposits of marine limestone from the period, indicating higher sea levels. B) Cretaceous means ancient?
C) It is named for a species of dinosaurs widespread at the time.
D) The Mediterranean Island of Crete was formed during this period.
E) None of the answers are correct
Answer:
Option (A)
Explanation:
The cretaceous period formed the last period of the Mesozoic era, marked by the occurrence of some distinct major events, and it began about 145 million years ago and ended by about 65 million years ago. The name Cretaceous is actually derived from the Latin word 'Creta' which means “chalk”. Chalk usually refers to the white colored, soft, powdery limestone rock that is primarily comprised of fossil shells. These are basically dominated by the calcite minerals.
By the end of this period, the dinosaurs were completely wiped out from the earth and the flowering plants started to evolve after the mass extinction event, which is commonly known as the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary (K-T boundary).
Thus, the name Cretaceous was given because during this time period, there was abundant deposition of marine limestones (chalk), depicting that the sea level was comparatively higher than the present day.
Hence, the correct answer is option (A).
Sea-level changes: Group of answer choices a) are reflected by blankets of marine sediment called clathrates. b) are cyclic, consisting of episodes of transgression and regression. c) have been as great as 3,000 m during the Phanerozoic Eon. d) are termed eustatic if they affect only a local area.
Final answer:
Sea-level changes are cyclic, consisting of episodes of transgression and regression so the correct option is B.
Explanation:
Sea-level changes are cyclic, consisting of episodes of transgression and regression. This means that sea level rises and falls over time. During transgression, as sea level rises, sediment deposition moves towards the coastline, resulting in onlapping. On the other hand, during regression, as sea level falls, sediment deposition moves away from the coastline, resulting in offlapping. These patterns can be observed in sediment cores taken from different locations.
Eustatic sea-level changes refer to global changes in sea level due to changes in the volume of water in the oceans versus ice sheets. These changes affect the sea level on a worldwide scale, rather than just a local area.
Based on the changes in fossils over a while, scientists can determine whether the sea level was rising, falling, or constant. For example, if the fossils found in a specific sediment layer indicate marine organisms that live in shallow waters, it suggests that the sea level was rising during that time period, as the shallow-water environment moved landward. Conversely, if the fossils indicate marine organisms that live in deeper waters, it suggests that sea level was falling during that time period, as the deeper-water environment moved seaward.